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EU digital enforcement barometer amid rising pressure from US Big Tech

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EU digital enforcement barometer amid rising pressure from US Big Tech

The European Commission will conclude several investigations launched against Big Tech in the coming months. As US tech giants pressure the EU to retreat and align with laissez faire tone struck by the incoming Trump administration, we take stock of the ongoing probes.

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The two-year anniversary of the introduction of the EU Digital Markets Act (DMA) – rules that aim to ensure fair competition in online platforms – is approaching, and with it come deadlines in outstanding probes into US tech giants Apple, Meta and Alphabet. 

We look at the enforcement action the European Commission has taken up till now, and what to expect under the EU executive’s new mandate and the second administration of US President Donald Trump. 

Incoming Trump administration

In September 2023 the Commission identified six gatekeepers under the Digital Markets Act: Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta and Microsoft, who together account for 22 core platform services that fall under the scope of the rules. Last year, it added hotel renting website Booking.com to the list. They all had six months to comply with the rules. 

Under the DMA, these companies need to ensure they offer more choice and more freedom to end users and business users.

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However, the new Republican administration led by Donald Trump, which will be inaugurated on 20 January, is likely to pose new challenges for the Commission. 

Some of the Big Tech CEOs have spoken out against stringent EU regulation, and changed some of their fact-checking and inclusion policies in the US. If those changes were to apply in the EU as well, that would raise questions about the compliance with the DMA’s sister-legislation, the Digital Services Act (DSA), which obliges platforms to tackle illegal content and protect minors online.

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg has sought to improve his relationships with the incoming president: following Trump’s election victory in November, Zuckerberg flew to Florida and dined with the Republican at his Mar-a-Lago club. 

Earlier this month, Meta announced that it would replace Meta’s fact-checkers in the US with a “community notes” system similar to Elon Musk’s platform X. 

EU Commission changes

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Henna Virkkunen, the EU Commissioner for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy, told a press conference last week that despite these developments, the Commission is “fully enforcing the regulations – both the DSA and the DMA – there have not been any delays.” 

“Everyone doing business here needs to respect the rules. What we want to achieve is a fair and safe environment,” she added. 

J. Scott Marcus, a researcher at the Brussels based think tank the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), told Euronews that the change of US administration “will create far more political tensions relative to the DSA than it does for the DMA.”

“The Trump administration is likely to complain incessantly about the protections that DSA provides for, against dissemination of lies and disinformation into the EU. The DMA, by contrast, is largely a matter between the firms and the EU, and the US government is not as much involved,” he added. 

On the EU-side, the situation has changed as well: the DMA was spearheaded by Margrethe Vestager, long-time EU competition chief who dealt with many high-profile competition cases, but will now be taken over by Spain’s Teresa Ribera, who has a background as a national energy minister. 

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Antitrust is just part of her portfolio, she is also in charge of climate and industry dossiers. Whether this will mean a change of course, remains to be seen.  

Daniel Friedlaender, Senior Vice-President at tech lobby CCIA, said that the DMA process was “needlessly politicised, moving away from the intended goals and towards decisions by tweet.”

“If a review can help get back to the initial clear objectives, namely to increase contestability and fairness, then a pause for reflection can help,” he added.

Outstanding probes

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The Commission started its first DMA probes last year. On 25 March, the EU executive opened non-compliance investigations into Alphabet – Google’s owner – Apple and Meta. In the meantime, the EU enforcer has sent preliminary findings to Apple and Meta.

Regarding Apple, the investigation found in June that the App Store rules were in breach of the DMA as they prevent app developers from freely steering consumers to alternative channels for offers and content. 

Concerning Meta, the Commission considered in July that its binary decision to force citizens to either pay or give up their data to use the service does not comply with the DMA.

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After receiving the findings, gatekeepers can defend themselves and reply in writing. The Commission has 12 months starting from the opening of the proceedings to adopt a non-compliance decision. In case of an infringement, the gatekeepers risk fines up to 10% of their total worldwide turnover and up to 20% in case of repeated infringements.

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The other investigations launched in March 2024 concern Alphabet’s rules on steering in Google Play, whether Alphabet favours its own services such as Google shopping in search results on its search engine and whether Apple’s measures prevent users from freely choosing browsers outside Apple’s ecosystem.

The Commission has also said that it has started gathering information to clarify whether Amazon may be preferencing its own brand products on the Amazon Store. 

A third non compliance investigation aimed at Apple was also opened in June into the tech giant’s new contractual terms for developers to access alternative app stores and the possibility to offer an app via an alternative distribution channel.

A Commission spokesperson said last week that the technical phase of those investigations were still ongoing, adding “we need to be sure we win those cases in court, we need to be strong enough.”

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Video: Nowhere Feels Safe As Israel Strikes Heart of Beirut

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Video: Nowhere Feels Safe As Israel Strikes Heart of Beirut

new video loaded: Nowhere Feels Safe As Israel Strikes Heart of Beirut

When a residential building in downtown Beirut was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike, Samira Osseili fled with her family in the middle of the night. She’s now living in fear with 12 other relatives in her small apartment, knowing that another strike could come at any moment.

By Simona Foltyn, Adrian Hartrick, Michael Anthony Adams and Caroline Kim

March 26, 2026

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US troops brace for ‘hit-and-run’ guerilla attacks as 82nd Airborne deploys to Iran, military analyst warns

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US troops brace for ‘hit-and-run’ guerilla attacks as 82nd Airborne deploys to Iran, military analyst warns

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Iran could significantly increase U.S. casualties if its elite military and proxy forces shift to guerrilla-style hit-and-run attacks in the region, a leading military analyst has warned.

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Michael Eisenstadt of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy spoke as the Pentagon moved elements of the Army’s 82nd Airborne Division into the Middle East amid a new escalation in the conflict, according to reports.

“Iran has large infantry units in its military that are equivalent to the brigade combat team of the 82nd Airborne,” Eisenstadt, a former U.S. Army Reserve officer, told Fox News Digital.

“The 82nd Force is too small to cause significant harm to Iran, but it is large enough to be vulnerable to Iranian strikes, and this would enable Iran to significantly increase U.S. casualties,” he said.

HEGSETH WARNS ‘MORE CASUALTIES’ EXPECTED IN OPERATION EPIC FURY AGAINST IRAN

The 82nd Airborne Division deployment to the Middle East is intended to pressure Iran into accepting U.S. ceasefire terms, military analyst Michael Eisenstadt says. (Sarah Blake Morgan/AP Photo)

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Eisenstadt, who has worked as a U.S. government military analyst, claimed that, even if major conventional operations begin to wind down in the Middle East region, the danger may only evolve rather than disappear.

“We could see an end to major combat operations, with activity shifting to guerrilla-style hit-and-run attacks in the Gulf and other gray-zone activities by Iran,” he said.

“Think of the aftermath of the 1991 Gulf War with Iraq, in which we had to contain the Iraqis for a decade after a very successful war.”

US COULD TAKE IRAN’S MAIN OIL EXPORT HUB ‘AT A TIME OF OUR CHOOSING,’ JACK KEANE SAYS

Naval units from Iran and Russia simulate the rescue of a hijacked vessel during joint drills, Feb. 19, at the Port of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan, Iran. (Iranian Army/Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images)

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Fox News chief national security correspondent Jennifer Griffin reported Wednesday that the U.S. has ordered the deployment of an additional 82nd Airborne forces to the region.

The contingent is expected to include Maj. Gen. Brandon R. Tegtmeier, the division commander, elements of his headquarters staff, and infantry battalions from the division’s Immediate Response Force. 

Officials also indicated that the total number of troops ultimately sent could still change.

Eisenstadt said this new deployment is intended to increase pressure on Tehran as the U.S. pushes for new ceasefire terms, set in place by President Donald Trump.

WINNING THE BATTLES, LOSING THE WAR? AMERICA MUST DEFINE THE ENDGAME IN IRAN

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President Donald Trump speaks with the media before boarding Air Force One, Monday, at Palm Beach International Airport in West Palm Beach, Fla. (Mark Schiefelbein/AP Photo)

“This deployment is intended to create leverage over Iran and pressure it to accept U.S. terms for a ceasefire agreement. It would also create military options if Iran rejects those terms,” he said.

In that scenario, he said, the 82nd could potentially operate alongside Marine expeditionary units in operations to seize and hold terrain, including Kharg Island, located roughly 20 miles off Iran’s Gulf coast.

U.S. forces struck military targets there March 13, destroying more than 90 Iranian military sites while deliberately sparing key oil infrastructure, according to multiple reports.

IRAN’S REMAINING WEAPONS: HOW TEHRAN CAN STILL DISRUPT THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ

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Satellite view of Kharg Island, located in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Iran.  (Gallo Images/Orbital Horizon/Copernicus Sentinel Data 2024)

“The brigade combat team of the 82nd could work with the 11th and 31st MEUs, or independently, to seize and hold terrain — such as Kharg Island,” Eisenstadt said.

“This would provide leverage over Iran by denying it the ability to export oil and helping end the war on terms favorable to the U.S.”

“There are risks involved though, because Iranian units on the mainland could bombard Kharg Island and inflict casualties on U.S. troops there also,” Eisenstadt said.

JACK KEANE WARNS CEASEFIRE WITH IRAN WOULD ‘PLAY RIGHT INTO THEIR HANDS’ AS TRUMP SIGNALS DEAL PROGRESS

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President Donald Trump warned on Saturday that the U.S. could strike Iranian power plants if the Strait of Hormuz is not reopened. (Aaron Schwartz/UPI/Bloomberg via Getty Images; Gallo Images/Orbital Horizon/Copernicus Sentinel Data 2025 via Getty Images)

The latest military buildup comes as the conflict that began with Operation Epic Fury on Feb. 28, has also centered on the Strait of Hormuz, with Iran restricting access.

“The 82nd deployment is intended to increase psychological pressure on Iran and support efforts to reopen the Strait of Hormuz so it can once again be used by all countries,” Eisenstadt explained.

The 82nd Airborne is one of the U.S. military’s premier rapid-response units, trained to parachute into hostile or contested territory to secure key ground and airfields.

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Portions of the division have also spent recent days at the Joint Readiness Training Center, sharpening infiltration, surveillance, combat and resupply skills, Axios reported.

“Iranian military officials have welcomed news of the dispatch of these units to the Gulf because it potentially creates options for them to impose costs on the U.S.,” Eisenstadt said.

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Escalation in the Middle East – Not Europe’s war? MEPs in the Ring

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Escalation in the Middle East – Not Europe’s war? MEPs in the Ring

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Imagine a former five-star army general in the same room as an anti-war activist? That is what we witness on this latest edition of The Ring, Euronews’ weekly debate show.

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Riho Terras, an Estonian general and centre-right MEP, went face-to-face with far-left Turkish-born German MEP Özlem Demirel on the role of the EU in the ongoing war in the Middle East.

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As the conflict enters its fourth week, EU leaders have called for “de-escalation, the protection of civilians, and restraint,” while avoiding direct involvement. But the question of whether Brussels should take a stronger stance has exposed deep divisions.

“We know from history that military means and wars never brought democracy to this region,” Demirel said, adding starkly: “Bombs fall, the stock markets rise, people die.”

Riho Terras disagreed and took a more security-focused line, defending the need for military strength in global politics. “Nobody listens to somebody who does not have military means,” he argued, stressing that diplomacy alone is insufficient without power behind it.

This episode of The Ring is anchored by Méabh Mc Mahon, produced by Luis Albertos and Amaia Echevarria, and edited by Vassilis Glynos.

Watch The Ring on Euronews TV or in the player above and send us your views by writing to thering@euronews.com

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