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April Snow Too Little, Too Late To Save Wyoming’s Historically Low Snowpack

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April Snow Too Little, Too Late To Save Wyoming’s Historically Low Snowpack


Wyoming has seen a decent amount of snow in the first week of April, but meteorologists says it’s officially too little, too late to save the state’s historically low snowpack, which has been melting for weeks.

The spring storm brought much-needed moisture to several dry spots across the Cowboy State. After a miserable March, the first week of April has been what meteorologists says they’ve have been hoping for since November: a normal week.

“All of the mountains, from the Snowies to the Bighorns, got the equivalent of 1 to 2 inches of water,” said Cowboy State Daily meteorologist Don Day. “There was nearly three-quarters of an inch in the Red Desert. Laramie got over half an inch of moisture. There were some good precipitation totals.”

That improved Wyoming’s snow water equivalent map slightly, but anyone looking for comfort there won’t find it. 

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Tony Bergantino, the director of the Water Resources Data System and the Wyoming State Climate Office, finally said the word that describes this past winter’s miserable snowpack.

“I guess you could say that it’s ‘unprecedented,’” he said. “We have not seen snowpack this low, across the state, in the 30-plus years that I’ve been here, and it’s historically low even further than that.”

Last Week’s Weather

A surge of cold air and precipitation caused chaos on Wyoming’s highways with this latest blast of snow, a true spring storm that was desperately needed across the state.

The mountains did best, as usual, but even they needed the boost.

“Most of the snowfall amounts were between 10 and 15 inches in the Bighorns, and right around 12 inches for the Tetons and the Wind River Range,” said meteorologist Jason Straub with the National Weather Service (NWS) office in Riverton. “That’s roughly the equivalent of 1 inch of water.”

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Millions of people across the Western U.S. would have liked a lot more, but beggars can’t be choosers, he said.

Straub said Wyoming’s mountain ranges are in fairly good shape. It’s the lower elevations that are struggling the most.

“Most of the mountainous areas are sitting pretty close to normal for this time of year, and have been most of the winter,” he said. “The lower elevations are well below average, and we have a significant to severe drought starting to develop across most of the state.”

That wouldn’t be the worst-case scenario going into the wettest months of the year, but March came and went with well-above-average temperatures and well-below-average precipitation, which has had a dramatic impact on Wyoming’s snowpack.

Serious Snowpack Slump

In December, the snowpack wasn’t at its best, but many basins were well above their seasonal averages. Those circumstances changed dramatically in the last three months, meteorologists say.

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Most of Wyoming’s snowpacks reach their peaks in early April. The cutoff tends to be April 1, when the snow water equivalent starts to decline as temperatures rise and snow becomes less frequent.

Bergantino said Wyoming is well past its peak.

“We hit peaks anywhere between 12 and 45 days early this season,” he said. “None of those basins, except the Yellowstone Basin in northwest Wyoming, even reached their median snowpack before they peaked.”

According to 50 manual snow measurements submitted to the Wyoming State Climate Office, Bergantino said 28 indicate that 2025-2026 was the lowest snowpack in Wyoming’s recorded history.

An additional seven of those 50 were tied for the lowest snowpack on record, and those records go back a long way.

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“We’re talking, 90-plus years of records for some of these places,” Bergantino said. “A lot of areas are either tied to the bottom or have gone below it.”

Prolonging The Agony

Wyoming could cope with a below-average snowpack, assuming temperatures were cold enough to keep it intact for as long as possible, but Bergantino said that the temperature threshold was crossed weeks ago.

“That’s the double-whammy,” he said. “We didn’t get the volume of snow for the peak, and it started melting early.”

The chances of a dramatic rebound in snowpack were slim even before the record-breaking March temperatures. Now in early April, Bergantino is looking and hoping for the bare minimum.

“It’d be nice to get the basins above the historical minimum,” he said. “I don’t see any basin reaching its seasonal peak, but we might get enough to shoot above the minimum line. Even that isn’t a guarantee.”

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Even more precipitation could be a double-edged sword for the current state of the snowpack. As it gets warmer, the chance of snow decreases, even at the highest elevations.

“Extended forecasts are showing above-average precipitation for the next eight to 14 days, but temperatures are also above the median,” he said. “If we get more precipitation, you run the risk of what form that precipitation takes. 

“Does it come down as snow, or does it come down as rain and chew up even some more of that lower elevation snowpack?”

Bergantino wasn’t complaining about last week’s weather. Something’s always better than nothing, but that something wasn’t enough to change anything.

“I would say it prolonged the agony a little bit,” he said. “It helped. It moved things forward a little bit, but it definitely did not cure anything.”

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Will It Get Better?

After reviewing all the current and historical data, even the best-case scenario isn’t looking great. Bergantino cautions Wyomingites to prepare for what’s ahead.

“If things don’t turn around this spring, you’re going to be looking at water supply issues this summer,” he said. “Most of Wyoming’s basins are running below their minimum snowpack, and most of the others are bouncing off the top of their all-time lows.”

Bergantino added that Wyoming could already be primed for a disastrous fire season. Many plants have started to leaf out and flower, either in confusion or desperation.

If those plants don’t get enough moisture, they’ll desiccate. That’ll leave lots of dry branches and dead leaves to feed any fire.

“That’s one of the really concerning things right now,” he said. “If everything greens up and dries out, you’re adding a lot of fuel for fires.”

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Straub said the NWS’s short-range outlook is favoring above-average moisture. At this point, any wetness is welcome.

“April and May are when Wyoming gets 25% to 50% of its moisture,” he said. “Right now, the outlooks are looking pretty close to normal. Any of that precipitation will be very beneficial to bring some moisture, keep the reservoirs full, and things like that.”

There’s another storm system anticipated this week. Straub said it’ll arrive late Tuesday, but won’t have the same potency as the systems that stretched across Wyoming last week.

“It’s mainly going to bring around 2 to 4 inches of snowfall to the mountains of northwest Wyoming,” he said. “Most of the lower elevations will see a sprinkle, at best. Accumulation will be minimal, but it’s something.”

Cold Comfort?

Bergantino couldn’t find a modern precedent for what Wyoming’s experiencing in terms of below-average, earlier-melting snowpack. The only comparable year happened long before his tenure at the Wyoming State Climate Office.

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“A lot of records still have 1977 as the lowest snowpack,” he said.

That’s somewhat vindicating for Day. 

He’s classified the 2025-2026 winter season as a “once-in-a-generation” winter that hasn’t been experienced since the 1970s, with the 1977-1978 season as the lowest point on record.

Day isn’t ready to throw in the towel yet. He’s not anticipating a meteorological Hail Mary that’ll revitalize the state’s snowpack, but there have been some dramatic turnarounds.

“I’ve seen some big comebacks in snowpack before,” he said, adding that, “2011 was one of the years where there was a tremendous amount of mountain snow in April, and last week was great. We have broken the streak.”

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Day always finds hope in history. April has done a lot to change Wyoming’s fortunes going into a season of severe drought, and it might do the same this year.

“If you go back and look at some of the bigger snowstorms in Wyoming’s history, a lot of them happened in the last 10 days of April,” he said. “You get these bigger, slower-moving storms that tend to cover more real estate, and that’s what we really need.”

As usual, Day has an analogy for what’s happened and how everything’s shaping up.

“It’s like we haven’t been on the interstate since November,” he said. “We’ve been on side roads, dirt roads, and secondary highways trying to get on track. “

In that analogy, Day said last week’s weather was a possible “exit ramp.” 

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He’s not promising anything, but that weather was more of what meteorologists would expect in Wyoming for the first week of April, one of Wyoming’s wettest months.

“I don’t think we’re on the interstate yet, but maybe we’re getting on to the entrance ramp, and hopefully we can merge into traffic,” he said.

Andrew Rossi can be reached at arossi@cowboystatedaily.com.



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Wyoming’s ties to super PAC suspected of helping GOP by spending big on long-shot Dems – WyoFile

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Wyoming’s ties to super PAC suspected of helping GOP by spending big on long-shot Dems – WyoFile


What do more than $3 million in political advertisements, a left-wing Texan sex therapist running for Congress and a Wyoming business have in common?

All have ties to a newly formed super PAC making national headlines for appearing to boost long-shot Democratic congressional candidates in midterm primary elections to ease the way for Republican victories in November’s general election. 

In the last two weeks, Lead Left PAC has reported spending more than $3 million on political ads in the battleground states of Nebraska, Pennsylvania and Texas, Federal Election Commission records show. It’s not clear who the political action committee’s donors are, but it’s spent big on advertising with a recently created Wyoming company. 

Some of the PAC’s ads have backed Maureen Galindo, a congressional candidate in Texas whose party leadership has condemned her for making antisemitic comments. Galindo faces Johnny Garcia in the runoff for the Democratic nomination in the state’s 35th Congressional District, which is located in the San Antonio area. The district was redrawn by Texas Republicans to boost their party’s chances of holding onto the seat in this year’s midterms. 

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Still, despite redistricting, Democrats believe the seat could remain competitive if their party has a strong year politically, and they’re eager to avoid being saddled with a candidate’s inflammatory rhetoric. 

So, who’s backing Lead Left with heaps of money? FEC records don’t say. The PAC was created recently enough that it has not yet had to disclose any of its donors. In the meantime, Democrats are crying foul, accusing Republicans of bankrolling Lead Left to meddle in their primary elections. The New York Times reported evidence of such potential links earlier this month. 

The PAC’s website — set against Wyoming’s most famous mountain range — bills itself as “against MAGA extremists who will infect our country with Donald Trump’s agenda.”

One paper trail, however, ties the PAC’s spending directly to Piruzi LLC, a newly registered Wyoming business. 

Since May 7, Lead Left has reported 11 independent expenditures with the FEC, totalling more than $3 million in ads. All but two of those reports indicate the PAC paid Piruzi LLC for media production and placements, as well as printing and mailing political advertisements. 

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Wyoming Secretary of State records indicate that Piruzi filed to become a limited liability company on April 10. Piruzi’s filings list a Cheyenne address and Tammie Cannon as the LLC’s organizer, along with a phone number and email for Paracorp Incorporated, a nationwide registered agent company. Reached by phone Thursday, two representatives for Paracorp told WyoFile it did not employ a Tammie Cannon but offered to forward a message to the owners of Piruzi. 

Wyoming’s business regulations provide a high degree of privacy as the law does not require a company to disclose its members or managers, effectively allowing the owner to remain anonymous to the public. The laws have helped produce the “cowboy cocktail,” a sophisticated wealth-protection strategy that combines the privacy of LLC ownership with a Wyoming trust. The state has also become a popular jurisdiction for shell companies, which are inactive legal entities with no significant assets. 

Shell companies are sometimes used as vehicles for illicit activity, which is what the Campaign Legal Center, a nonpartisan DC-based nonprofit, argues in a FEC complaint filed May 14 against Lead Left PAC. 

“In addition to strategically gaming federal reporting deadlines to avoid disclosing the sources of its election spending, Lead Left also appears to have violated federal campaign finance laws requiring full transparency about the recipients of that spending,” the complaint states. “Specifically, by funneling all of its spending on political ads through two newly formed companies that are almost certainly not the ultimate recipients of those funds, Lead Left appears to have violated federal reporting requirements.” (Emphasis in the complaint.)

The other LLC named by Lead Left in its filings is OTG Media, which was incorporated in Virginia on April 29, according to the state records. 

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In “using these apparent shell companies as opaque clearinghouses to conceal who is actually being paid to provide it with goods and services, Lead Left PAC has unlawfully denied voters crucial information about how it is spending the money,” the complaint states. 

The FEC is unlikely to take swift, material action on the complaint, according to news site NOTUS, because the agency has gone more than a year without the required number of commissioners to formalize investigations or penalize campaign-finance scofflaws. 

Meanwhile, shadowy PACs have become more common in contemporary campaigns, including some in the Mountain West. One political action committee in Montana has fueled speculation after it sent out ads on behalf of underdog Democrats, Montana Free Press reported earlier this month.  

The Wyoming Secretary of State’s Office did not respond to WyoFile’s request for comment by publishing time. 

The email address provided by Lead Left PAC in its FEC filings bounced back an email Thursday when WyoFile reached out for comment. 

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Reporting contributed by The Associated Press. Mike Catalani reported from New Jersey.





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Wolf pup numbers fall drastically due to outbreak of contagious virus

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Wolf pup numbers fall drastically due to outbreak of contagious virus


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An outbreak of a contagious canine disease, particularly fatal for young pups, impacted the gray wolf population in Wyoming and Yellowstone National Park in 2025, with only an estimated “31 to 34” of the 87 documented pups born surviving until the end of the year.

Canine distemper, a contagious measles-like virus, was detected in 64% of animals in northwestern Wyoming, where wolves are classified as “trophy game.” While most adults are able to survive the affliction, the disease can be lethal for pups, with a 37% survival rate at the end of the year.

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However, the wolf population in Wyoming “remained above minimum recovery criteria, making 2025 the 24th consecutive year Wyoming has exceeded the numerical, distributional, and temporal recovery criteria established for wolves by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,” according to the 2025 annual report from Wyoming Gray Wolf Monitoring and Management.

At least 253 wolves in approximately 37 packs were noted statewide in Wyoming, including the Wolf Trophy Game Management Area, Yellowstone National Park and the Wind River Reservation on Dec. 31, 2025, according to the report. The state does not have management authority in the latter two areas.

Sixty wolves were reported to have died in WTGMA with causes of deaths including hunting (28), conflict control (16), other human causes (4), natural causes (8) and unknown causes (4), the report said. While the number was lower than in 2024, “the wolf population in the WTGMA decreased by 19% as a result of reduced pup production and recruitment,” the report said.

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What is distemper?

Distemper is a “contagious viral disease that infects species such as domestic dogs, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, skunks, and wolves,” according to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. The virus attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous systems of dogs and other wild canines including foxes and wolves, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.

While the disease can impact canines of all ages, puppies are at a higher risk.

Symptoms include discharge from the eyes and nose, fever, coughing, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea. As the virus attacks the nervous system, canines may also exhibit neurologic signs such as walking in circles, inability to follow a straight path, lack of coordination, muscle twitches, seizures and even partial or complete paralysis.

Distemper can be spread through airborne exposure to the virus from an infected dog or wild animal through sneezing, coughing, or barking, AVMA said, and can also be transmitted through shared food, water bowls and other items.

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Once infected, dogs spread the virus in body fluids like respiratory droplets, saliva or urine, and may be contagious for several months. Infected mother dogs can pass the virus to their unborn puppies.

Increase in wolf population density likely impacted distemper rate

In the report, Wyoming Fish and Wildlife said an increase in wolf population density in the WTGMA in 2023 “appears to have contributed to increasing distemper rates in 2024 and 2025.”

“Disease presence and prevalence in wildlife populations is generally density-dependent, meaning the risk of a particular disease impacting a population increases as population density increases,” the report said, adding “wolves are no exception,” and distemper infections “are highest in wolf populations at high population and wolf pack densities.”

The report also described the virus as a “common, naturally-occurring infection which cycles through areas with carnivore populations and has been documented in Yellowstone at least five times since 1995.”

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Gray wolves in Wyoming

Gray wolves were introduced in Yellowstone National Park in 1995, under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act “with the goal of reestablishing a recovered gray wolf population in thenorthern Rocky Mountains.”

“The wolf population expanded quickly in number and distribution throughout northwest Wyoming,” the report said. “The population met the required recovery criteria by late 2002 and has exceeded the recovery criteria every year since.”

The Northern Rocky Mountains population was delisted in 2011, while Wyoming was delisted in 2017. Remaining wolf populations in the contiguous United States were delisted in 2021 “due to recovery,” FWS said.

Saman Shafiq is a trending news reporter for USA TODAY. Reach her at sshafiq@usatodayco.com and follow her on X and Instagram @saman_shafiq7.



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Former Wyoming Minister ‘Unequivocally Denies’ Claims Of Sex Abuse Against Boys

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Former Wyoming Minister ‘Unequivocally Denies’ Claims Of Sex Abuse Against Boys


A former Wyoming minister sued on claims he sexually abused three boys in the 1990s denies wrongdoing and says the boys — now men — haven’t overcome the state’s time limit on filing such lawsuits by saying they discovered the abuse roughly 30 years after it happened.

The three men in late March sued former Wyoming Catholic youth minister Doug Hudson, as well as the Catholic Diocese of Cheyenne and Our Lady of Fatima Church in Casper.

They accused the diocese and church of three variations of negligence and one breach of fiduciary duty; and Hudson of sexual assault/civil battery, and intentionally inflicting emotional distress. 

They are requesting at least $50,000 per plaintiff in damages.

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Hudson filed his answer denying wrongdoing and asserting the men didn’t satisfy the statute of limitations on Wednesday.

The office of the Catholic Diocese in downtown Cheyenne. (Greg Johnson, Cowboy State Daily)

The Timeline

Wyoming allows people to sue for sexual assault within eight years of an affected minor’s 18th birthday or three years after the discovery of the alleged abuse, whichever comes later.

The plaintiffs say they discovered the abuse in 2024. They don’t satisfy the “discovery rule” provision, Hudson’s Wednesday answer asserts.

The church and diocese also filed a joint motion asking the court to dismiss three of the four charges against them. 

That motion says the men have failed to establish the church system owed them particular duties of care when they were boys, the church and diocese had no indication Hudson was allegedly dangerous before he was hired, and there’s no real legal basis to support the idea that they were negligent in retaining Hudson.

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Hudson’s attorney, Ryan Semerad, told Cowboy State Daily his client never hurt the three men, including when they were younger.

“Mr. Hudson is a good man who cares deeply for the Church, the faithful and the youth being brough tup in the Church,” wrote Semerad in a statement. “He unequivocally denies the allegations made against him. 

“He has never hurt a young person in his many years working with many young people in the Church and schools affiliated with the Church across America.”

Semerad added that his client “has faith that the truth will reveal he is innocent of the civil charges against him.”

“And,” the statement adds, “while this untrue lawsuit has upended his life and forced him out of the educational career he loved, he is praying for all involved in this matter.”

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One of the plaintiffs’ attorneys, Dallas Laird, declined Wednesday to comment.

As to the men’s 2024 discovery of what they allegedly endured as kids, however, Laird told WyoFile that sometimes people “don’t discover what happened to them until they wonder why their life has gone the way it has, and they go to therapy.”

Back Up

The lawsuit complaint claims that in the 1990s, Hudson sexually assaulted the three boys. 

It also says the diocese, an umbrella organization for the church, failed to manage Hudson and protect the plaintiffs.

The document says the diocese and church housed Hudson in Casper for conducting youth services, and that both diocese and church knew Hudson was inviting minors to his house on campus.

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Hudson disputes that.

“His housing area was upstairs and a communal area for youth activities was downstairs,” says Hudson’s answer. “He denies that he invited any minors to ‘his house’ as in his housing area upstairs, but admits that he generally allowed minors to visit the communal area downstairs at appropriate times.”

The complaint says — and Hudson acknowledges — that the late Father Pietro Philip Colibraro supervised Hudson at that time.

The diocese lists Colibraro among church authorities with “substantiated allegations” of sexual abuse on their records.

One adolescent male reported abuse by Colibraro in 2005, the diocese’s list says.

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The complaint says Colibraro was warned that Hudson was “plying adolescent males with alcohol” but doesn’t say who reported that claim. 

It says Hudson sexually assaulted Anthony Jacobson in 1995, Ryan Axlund in 1997, and James Stress in 1996 or 1997, at a hotel during an off-campus trip.

The complaint alleges that Hudson gave Stress “copious” amounts of alcohol and sexually assaulted him.

Clair McFarland can be reached at clair@cowboystatedaily.com.



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