HAWAII VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK, Hawaii (AP) — The on-and-off eruption of Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano broke a record Monday with the number of periods it has produced fountains of lava since it began erupting in December 2024, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said.

Monday marked 48 fountaining episodes, setting the record for any one eruption on Kilauea, said Katie Mulliken, a geologist and spokesperson with the observatory.

Episodes are separated by periods during which little to no lava erupts. Since lava is coming from the same vents in a crater at Kilauea’s summit, it is the same overall eruption, she said in an email.

There are several notable aspects of the current eruption, she said, including how accessible it is for viewing by residents and tourists. An eruption during the 1980s, in which 47 lava fountaining episodes occurred over about 3 1/2 years, occurred in a more remote area, she said.

The ongoing eruption is also reshaping the topography at the summit, she said.

But the lava fountains also can impact neighboring communities with volcanic fragments and ash, known as tephra.

Kilauea, located on Hawaii’s Big Island, is one of the world’s most active volcanoes.

Most first-time Hawaii visitors do not know there is another airport checkpoint waiting before the flight home. No one may have thought about what was in their luggage and carry-on bags at the airport. But leaving Hawaii is where a surprise inspection happens: here’s what gets taken, what sails through, and why so many new-to-Hawaii travelers only learn the rule in line.

A reader named Justin did everything right before his first trip to Hawaii. He checked what he could bring, avoided anything questionable, and figured Hawaii would inspect him on arrival the way, say, Australia or New Zealand do.

It went the other way. He filled out a Hawaii arrival document, but no one checked anything when he landed. On departure at Kona, he had no idea the inspection was even part of leaving Hawaii.

“The first time I ever came to the islands I was diligent about not bringing anything in… I was shocked there were no inspections like you’d find in Australia or New Zealand. Before I left I picked up two papayas from a roadside stand… I was directed through the USDA checkpoint at KOA with no explanation. The inspector was rude and condescending when she took my fruit.” — Justin.

We covered the full system last fall in “Why Hawaii Trusts You Coming In But Checks Everything Going Out.” The comments then showed us something a rules explainer cannot. Even longtime travelers often do not know where TSA security ends, where Hawaii’s own agriculture check on arrival fits in, where the federal USDA inspection on the way out takes over, and why the only checkpoint they really notice is that last one, which comes after the vacation is already over.

Arriving felt like nothing, and that is the trap.

For many first-time visitors, the odd part starts before the plane even lands. They are told Hawaii has strict agricultural rules, and that part is true. The islands are vulnerable to pests, plant diseases, seeds, insects, soil, and all the other small things that can turn into very large problems once they get loose here in Hawaii.

So visitors can expect a visible inspection upon arrival. They think someone will check bags, ask questions, or at least make the process feel serious. Instead, most domestic arrivals from the mainland complete the agriculture declaration, get off the plane, collect luggage, and start vacationing.

That does not mean the agriculture form is optional. It is a legal declaration, and false information can carry consequences. Inspectors are also, at least in theory, present in baggage claim areas for declared agricultural items, so travelers who disclose something can be sent for review.

So on paper, Hawaii has rules. In practice, most arrivals are self-reported, which is where visitors get confused. If you were worried enough to check what you packed before the trip, walking in with no inspection at all feels less like being trusted and more like nobody is guarding the entry point.

The line on the way home is where this gets real.

Leaving Hawaii feels nothing like arriving. The USDA station is real, and for most visitors, it is their first direct contact with agricultural enforcement during the whole trip. Checked bags get screened before being deposited with the airline. Then carry-on bags get checked, prohibited items get flagged, and fruit or flowers bought casually can disappear at the airport.

That is what happened to Justin. He bought two papayas before flying home from Kona and had no idea they would be a problem. His flight was direct to Alaska in winter, and the idea that a tropical pest would survive the cargo hold and the cold seemed absurd to him.

Travelers’ logic and federal logic are not the same thing. The rules do not change based on whether the destination feels cold enough, or whether the passenger thinks the fruit is harmless. They are well-established and built around what can and cannot travel from Hawaii to the mainland.

A reader who said he’s an inspector at HNL told us what actually gets taken.

One comment came from a reader named Keoni, who said he works as a USDA inspector at Honolulu. We cannot verify that, so we are treating him as a reader who told us what he sees rather than as an official source. Either way, what he described sounded exactly like what travelers run into at the airport every day.

Keoni said he encounters passengers daily who unknowingly bring fresh fruit or vegetables to the checkpoint. Many do not understand why the items are being taken, and some even become argumentative. Anyone who has stood near those stations has probably seen some version of that discussion unfold.

Most visitors do not learn exactly how this works until it impacts them. You buy fruit legally in Hawaii, pack it with care, and figure you are fine. One catch is that where you bought it can determine whether it travels or is confiscated, and the USDA airport line is usually where it first gets sorted out.

The rule that surprises people most is the one about cut fruit.

Keoni also raised a question about cut fruit, saying some cut fruit may be allowed for personal consumption in about 12 ounces, while cut mango or papaya would still be taken. We do not find the 12-ounce rule anywhere in the USDA guidance, which works item by item rather than by weight, so treat it as one person’s reading and not official policy. From personal experience, we’ve regularly carried cut fruit salads and have never had them questioned by USDA. What it does show is how quickly this turns into a case-by-case guessing game, as seen in travelers asking real questions.

Fresh whole fruit is easy to understand, even when visitors do not like the answer. Papayas, mangoes, and many other fresh items are exactly the kind of thing people should assume may not travel home with them from Hawaii. The more confusing situations involve prepared food, cut fruit, salads, poke, poi, and leftovers that do not seem to fit neatly into the rules.

That confusion ran through the whole comment thread. One reader declared Costco apples on arrival, had them taken anyway, and asked flat out where the inbound prohibited list even lives. Another wrote about traveling with poi. Someone else mentioned mango chutney without the seed, while another said he turns avocado into guacamole before inspection.

None of those readers were gaming anything. They were trying to understand a system they only half get. They know TSA has its rules about food and liquids. They do not know agriculture has a separate set, and that the two do not care about the same things.

So a jar of jam or liquid guacamole may become a TSA liquid problem, while a papaya becomes a USDA problem. To the traveler, it is all just food in a bag getting inspected. To the airport, it can be security and agriculture, and even potentially customs or airline policy, depending on the item and the specifics of travel.

Coming in is not as wide open as the law says.

Several readers pushed back on the idea that Hawaii simply trusts everyone arriving, and they were right. The law is stronger than the experience feels. Domestic travelers are required to complete the agriculture declaration, and inspectors are available for items that are declared or flagged.

The rules exist. They just do not look like what visitors picture when they imagine a fragile island protecting itself. There is no universal domestic baggage x-ray line on arrival, unlike what travelers see before leaving Hawaii for the mainland.

That is what Justin reacted to. He expected the fragile island ecosystem to be protected on the way in, not mainly policed on the way out. He had already done the careful thing before arrival, then watched the serious inspection happen only when he was trying to leave.

It is why readers kept bringing up Australia and New Zealand. For years, those places have trained travelers to expect a visible inspection. We have been through plenty of those ourselves, with food sometimes confiscated but more often just checked, and inspectors even carefully cleaning the soil off our shoes. Hawaii runs it the other way, with a legal declaration on arrival and a far more visible federal inspection on departure.

Why so many visitors say the whole thing is backward.

The strongest reaction was not about papayas at all. It was about whether the whole pattern makes sense. One reader called the inbound-honor, outbound-enforcement setup dumb, and that one word speaks for more people than would put it that bluntly.

Another reader argued that dangerous pests rarely arrive in passenger luggage and are more likely to arrive via freight, cargo containers, nursery stock, or interisland movement. He said bags should be screened on arrival for other reasons too, including illegal drugs, with agricultural material as a secondary benefit.

That argument is not going away, because both sides are pointing to something. Hawaii’s ecosystem is fragile, so visitors expect to see “the gate” at entry. The mainland has agricultural interests to protect too, so the federal departure screening exists for good reason.

Readers also corrected another common misunderstanding that appeared in the comments. There is no routine agricultural inspection when simply island hopping. The outbound USDA process is tied to flights leaving Hawaii for the mainland, not to a normal Honolulu-to-Lihue or Maui-to-Kona flight. The only exception is flying Southwest interisland through Honolulu. This is because their flights do not use the interisland terminal, so USDA inspection rules apply.

What to pack and what not to leave so you’re not the one holding up the line.

The safest Hawaii food souvenirs are obviously the boring ones. Packaged coffee, macadamia nuts, chocolates, cookies, sealed snacks, and the like move create no drama. If it looks packaged to travel, it will.

Fresh produce is different. If you buy fruit from a stand, market, farm, or grocery store on your last day, do not assume it can go home just because it was easy to buy. Check the USDA rules yourself before packing it, and do not wait until the airport line to find out whether your item is allowed.

Prepared food is still something you have to think about. A sealed meal, a packaged snack, frozen poi, or cooked food is usually fine, while fresh fruit, seeds, plant material, or anything with soil can turn into trouble. Flowers are 50/50. Many will get through on careful inspection while others will not.

The best advice is the simplest. Eat the mangoes and papayas in Hawaii, buy coffee to take home, and do not count on USDA airport staff to turn a confusing rule into a pleasant conversation you’ll want to remember.

What surprised you most on your first flight home from Hawaii, and did anyone warn you about the inspection before you got to the airport?