Arizona
Arizona will regulate groundwater where Saudi company grows alfalfa
Gov. Hobbs tours La Paz County over concerns about groundwater
Governor Katie Hobbs answers questions during a groundwater issues tour in La Paz County, on May 28, 2025.
Farmers, municipalities and industry in southeastern La Paz County, where Saudi-owned Fondomonte grows alfalfa for export, will face new requirements on groundwater use and reporting.
The Arizona Department of Water Resources designated an active management area in the Ranegras groundwater basin on Jan. 9, the agency said. With it, the area will become the eighth AMA in the state and the second one initiated by state mandate during Gov. Katie Hobbs’ administration. Hobbs also announced the designation in her Jan. 12 State of the State address.
The agency held an informational public meeting in Salome in October, and a formal hearing in December, ahead of its final decision. From the 400 oral and written comments it received from the public, the “vast majority” supported the AMA, the agency wrote in a press release.
“The future of residents and businesses depends upon protecting the finite groundwater resources,” Director Tom Buschatzke said in a statement.
According to the agency, agricultural water use in Ranegras is estimated at nearly 40,000 acre-feet a year; recharge, or what is returned to the aquifer, is an estimated 2,000 acre-feet per year. There are no exact numbers because, until now, individuals could pump unlimited amounts of groundwater without reporting how much they were using. That’s still the case in most of rural Arizona, where there are no groundwater regulations in place.
La Paz County Supervisor Holly Irwin celebrated the announcement.
“We asked for a rural management tool that would fit our unique needs. Year after year, those pleas fell on deaf ears. Today, we’ve finally been heard,” she said in a statement. The AMA, she added, “is the decisive action we need to stop the bleeding that threatens the vitality of our community.”
County Supervisor Ducey Minor opposed the creation of an AMA at the formal hearing, saying that there is a water problem to address but the imposed regulations would stunt growth.
The AMA blocks agricultural expansion, and mandates annual water use reports and water conservation goals. Land that had not been irrigated for crop production sometime in the last five years cannot be farmed again unless owners show they’ve made a “substantial capital investment” on it.
Fondomonte, a subsidiary of Saudi-owned dairy Almarai, owns 22,873 acres of land in La Paz County, according to the assessor’s office, and will be granted “irrigation grandfathered rights” for land the company has farmed in the area in the past five years. The company hasn’t responded to numerous requests from The Republic to disclose how many acres it is actively farming in the Ranegras basin.
Like all other water users irrigating more than two acres or using pumps with a capacity of more than 35 gallons per minute, Fondomonte will face conservation goals and report annual water use, which is not public today.
Egg producers, pistachio orchards, dairies, feedlots and other farms in Ranegras would face similar requirements. There are nearly 8,000 acres of irrigated farmland in the basin, according to state estimates.
Wells that pump 35 gallons per minute or less, like those used for home needs, are not subject to regulation under the AMA.
Arizona’s water authority said the mandatory measuring and reporting will provide “reliable water use data,” benefit all users, and improve decision-making and transparency.
What will change?
The AMA will place restrictions on new high-capacity wells, like those used for crop irrigation, and demand annual water use reports or estimates. Anyone who wants to drill or deepen a well that pumps more than 35 gallons per minute, known as a “non-exempt well,” will have to perform a well-impact analysis, which will be subject to approval.
The AMA places no restrictions on wells pumping less than 35 gallons per minute, also called “exempt” wells.
Farmers using wells that irrigate more than two acres of land or pump more than 35 gallons per minute will have to measure how much water they are extracting. The conservation goals and management plan for the area, to be determined, would be designed to mitigate or slow down groundwater depletion. There would be a different conservation plan for agriculture, municipalities and industry.
A groundwater users advisory council, or GUAC, made up of five volunteer members who represent water users in the basin, will provide input to the state agency prior to adoption of the management plans. Those members are appointed by the governor. Anyone can submit their candidacy.
The Department said in the announcement it will send additional information to stakeholders and residents of the basin over the coming weeks.
Fondomonte is in an ongoing lawsuit with the Arizona Attorney General’s office.
“Regardless of whether an AMA is imposed in the Ranegras Plain, which I support, my office is moving forward with our public nuisance lawsuit against Fondomonte,” Attorney General Kris Mayes said at a meeting in Cochise County on Jan. 8, where she announced a settlement with Riverview LLP, a Minnesota-owned dairy that owns 58,562 acres in the Douglas and Willcox AMAs.
Managing groundwater depletion and protecting rural water users takes a mix of tools, she added.
“(An AMA) does not address the damage already done.”
Clara Migoya covers agriculture and water issues for The Arizona Republic and azcentral. Send tips or questions to clara.migoya@arizonarepublic.com.
Arizona
5 key takeaways from Arizona Cardinals spring practices
The next time the Arizona Cardinals take the practice field, it will be late July, inside the air conditioning of State Farm Stadium, as training camp gets underway. That’s when the pads will go on and when the arrival of a new season will feel tangible, even as it comes with muted expectations.
But over the past two months, head coach Mike LaFleur and the Cardinals began laying the groundwork for what their 2026 season will look like in 11 spring practice sessions — nine as part of voluntary OTAs, two in mandatory minicamp. Here are the key lessons that we learned during those practices.
Cardinals are healthier than expected
The Cardinals began their spring slate full of question marks surrounding the health of important starters. They ended with almost none.
Defensive tackle Walter Nolen is expected to be ready for the start of training camp, where he’ll aim to build off a promising but injury-riddled rookie season that ended with a torn meniscus. The same goes for tight end Tip Reiman, a key weapon in the run game who suffered a season-ending foot injury last year.
Cornerbacks Sean Murphy-Bunting and Starling Thomas V are already back in practice after missing all of last year with torn ACLs. And the most surprising news centered on nickel Garrett Williams, who has a good chance to be ready for Week 1 despite tearing his Achilles in December.
Really, the only negative on the injury front came with fourth-round rookie defensive tackle Kaleb Proctor, who suffered a torn meniscus during OTAs and could miss the entire season. That’s a big blow, given Proctor’s pass-rushing upside and the Cardinals’ lack of depth at the position, but it shouldn’t overshadow the good news elsewhere.
Rookies are being introduced gradually
In nearly every offensive position group at OTAs and minicamp, there was a trend: highly drafted rookies working behind unheralded veterans.
At running back, Jeremiyah Love worked behind Tyler Allgeier during drills. On the offensive line, Chase Bisontis worked with the backups, while Isaiah Adams operated as the starting right guard. And at quarterback, Kedon Slovis took reps ahead of Carson Beck, who would have been working as the fourth quarterback on the depth chart if not for Jacoby Brissett’s holdout.
It’s early, of course, and the order of practice reps in May and June is not always an accurate predictor of the hierarchy come Week 1. But it was evident throughout camp that LaFleur wants to bring his rookies along gradually — for now.
“I’ve always said, the rookie will be ready when the rookie’s ready,” LaFleur said. “With that being said, this league doesn’t wait around. So there’s a level of urgency that everyone’s gotta have.”
It will be worth watching how quickly that group is able to rise up the depth chart during training camp.
LaFleur’s offense will look new to Cardinals fans
Under former offensive coordinator Drew Petzing, the Cardinals offense was often stagnant. They had the league’s fourth-lowest motion rate and preferred to beat defenses with power, relying on heavy personnel groupings. At its best, it was a bruising, punishing style of offense. At its worst, it was staid and predictable.
Under LaFleur, the overarching offensive philosophy could look quite different. As players were asked to describe his offense over the course of the past month, one clear trend emerged.
“It’s a lot of eye candy, a lot of motions,” linebacker Mack Wilson Sr. said.
“Just the different things that we do with motions and shifts,” wide receiver Marvin Harrison Jr. said.
“They do a lot, moving around,” safety Dadrion Taylor-Demerson said.
In other words: Expect the Cardinals offense to use motion early and often. That’s no surprise, given that LaFleur’s Rams ranked fourth in usage of pre-snap motion last season, but it will be new in Arizona.
Cody Simon takes lead at linebacker
When the Cardinals signed veteran linebacker Jack Gibbens to a two-year, $7.5 million deal this spring, it seemed as if he could step into a starting role alongside Wilson. But in spring ball, it was second-year linebacker Cody Simon who appeared to have the inside track to that job.
Simon, a 2025 fourth-round pick, stepped in for the injured Wilson last November and struggled at times, taking too long to react to plays in the middle of the field. But by the end of the season, he had gained an increased level of familiarity in coordinator Nick Rallis’ defense — something LaFleur took notice of when studying the Cardinals’ 2025 tape.
“There’s tangible evidence of him, within a game, correcting himself,” LaFleur said. “… And seeing the improvement from one play to maybe 10 plays later. And it’s like, ‘Ooh, he got it right there.’
“He understood that he could have been a little bit better and you saw that. … He gets football.”
Secondary filled with competition for starting spots
At the end of spring camp, the Cardinals’ depth chart has uncertainty at all three positions in the secondary.
With Jalen Thompson gone, Taylor-Demerson appeared to have the inside track to a starting job alongside Budda Baker at safety. Instead, Taylor-Demerson and free agent signing Andrew Wingard have been rotating atop the depth chart, with that competition seemingly set to extend into the summer.
At nickel, the uncertainty depends on Williams’ health. Murphy-Bunting was moved from outside corner to the slot this offseason and figures to be the starter if Williams misses time. But if Williams returns by Week 1, he will likely resume his starting position — so long as he is at his best.
And on the outside, second-year cornerback Will Johnson appears entrenched in one spot, but the other is wide open. Denzel Burke and Max Melton rotated through that spot during OTAs, but Thomas V returned from his torn ACL during minicamp. He, too, could push for starting snaps. With three players competing for one job, it could be among the Cardinals’ fiercest battles during training camp.
Arizona
Jersey’s Journeys; Adopt at the Humane Society of Southern Arizona
TUCSON, Ariz. — Here are this week’s adoptable pets going on Jersey’s Journeys to find their forever homes! They’re all up for adoption at the Humane Society of Southern Arizona.
– Brimley is a 9-year-old tan/buff long-haired cat. This handsome boy loves cuddles and attention. He’s curious and calm, and will be a wonderful pet. He can’t wait to be loved!
– Nelson is an adult gray and white short-haired cat. He’s a happy, affectionate, and friendly boy, and he’s easy to please. He’s a big boy with a big purr to match, and he’s a real gentleman who is very polite. He has had some health challenges, but they’re all under control. He is also positive for FIV, but his prognosis is excellent, and he’s doing great!
– Bubby is an 8-year-old tan and white Australian shepherd mix. He’s got stunning blue eyes, almost with a perpetual deer-in-headlights look. He’s a mature, calm and respectful boy, who is past his puppy stage, so he knows how to be a great roommate.
– Maverick is an adult gray and tan Dutch shepherd mix. He’s very overwhelmed in the shelter, so he’s a little shy and nervous right now. In the real world though, he loves going on car rides and hiking, and he loves people and dogs. He’ll do great as soon as he’s in a safe space where he can decompress!
Claire Graham is an anchor and reporter for Good Morning Tucson on KGUN 9. She grew up in Tucson and graduated from the University of Arizona with a degree in musical theatre. Claire spent a decade in Washington state, but she’s thrilled to be back home in the beautiful southwest with her husband, two young sons and two rescued dogs. Share your story ideas and important issues with Claire by emailing claire.graham@kgun9.com or by connecting on Facebook and X.
Arizona
Arizona faces full federal tax conformity and a moratorium on data center tax cuts | Arizona Capitol Times
Key points:
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Legislature to send Gov. Katie Hobbs a bipartisan budget deal
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Governor anticipated to sign, lawmakers expect to adjourn for summer on Friday
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The $18.3 billion deal fully conforms Arizona to President Donald Trump’s federal tax cuts and pauses subsidies for new data centers for three years
Gov. Katie Hobbs is expected to sign a bipartisan budget package now moving through the Legislature, calling the deal a compromise with legislative Republicans after including full conformity to President Donald Trump’s tax cuts and a three-year pause on subsidizing taxes for new data centers.
The Joint Appropriations Committee passed the $18.3 billion package on Wednesday morning with only three lawmakers on the 28-member panel voting against it. Both chambers are expecting to vote on the budget package Thursday and adjourn sine die on Friday.
Hobbs in May vetoed a $17.9 billion GOP-led budget proposal that kept the state’s sales tax exemption for data centers, but lawmakers and the Governor’s Office have reached an agreement after a month-long recess to focus on budget negotiations.
“This bipartisan compromise shows what we can do when we put common sense before political games and focus on delivering real results for our communities,” Hobbs said on Tuesday. “It will put money back in the pockets of Arizona families and lower costs, make our communities safer and protect the vital services that Arizonans rely on.”
Republicans were primarily seeking to become the only state that fully conforms to the federal tax policy in last year’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act, H.R. 1. Full tax conformity is expected to reduce state revenue by over $1.4 billion over four years. While Democrats have largely opposed full tax conformity, Hobbs has supported “middle class tax cuts” that are also implemented in the budget, which includes the elimination of taxes on tips and overtime, an increased standard deduction and a new $6,000 tax deduction for seniors.
“This is a $1.4 billion tax cut budget,” said House Appropriations Committee Chairman Rep. David Livingston, R-Peoria. “It’s all that matters in this budget. Everything else is small potatoes.”
Hobbs had proposed some revenue sources of her own in her $18.7 billion budget proposal released in January. Those were kept out of the bipartisan deal, including a short-term rental $3.50 nightly fee and a sports betting fee that was expected to generate $146 million in revenue. The state’s Empowerment Scholarship Account program is also untouched after Hobbs asked for an income cap on the program earlier this session.
“Arizona families will keep more of what they earn. Parents will keep school choice. Public safety will be funded. Government will be smaller. Welfare programs will be held to basic standards, and Governor Hobbs’ push for higher taxes and bigger government was stopped,” said House Speaker Steve Montenegro, R-Goodyear.
But Hobbs and Democrats did get the pause on tax breaks for new data centers, which lawmakers believe will save about $38 million annually. House Minority Leader Oscar De Los Santos, D-Laveen, said Arizona’s three-year moratorium on data center subsidies will be the longest of any state in the country.
House and Senate Democrats are touting other wins in food assistance and public education support after a near 50% cut to the enrollment of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program since last year. The budget funds free school meals for two years and allocates $235 million for food assistance programs and $66 million that will help public schools acquire textbooks, technology and transportation.
“We’re also using the money from stopping the data center tax giveaway to invest in food security and affordability,” De Los Santos said on Wednesday.
And as Democrats secured money for those programs, Republicans got reforms to Medicaid and SNAP to include more strict eligibility and residency requirements for both programs as lawmakers are trying to reduce the state’s error rates to comply with federal requirements.
“The reforms that we secured in this budget are going to drive down those error rates,” said Rep. Matt Gress, R-Phoenix.
The only Republican who voted against the budget package on the joint committee, which included almost a third of the Legislature’s 90 members, was Rep. Justin Olson, R-Mesa.
While Olson supports full tax conformity and the budget’s taxation omnibus bill, House Bill 4168, he said he couldn’t support the mass motion or the other budget bills with how much the state planned to spend.
Republican leaders at the Legislature do consider this year’s budget spending growth to be a win relative to previous years. The budget has grown by 3.1% compared to last year, below the 3.9% combined change in Arizona’s population and inflation.
“I’m pleased that it increases much smaller than the amount that we increased the budget by last year, but I’m still very uncomfortable with a $716 million increase in state spending on top of the more than double the increase in population and inflation that was adopted last year,” Olson said.
Two Democrats, Sens. Mitzi Epstein D-Tempe and Lauren Kuby, D-Tempe, also voted against the budget in the appropriations hearing. Epstein did not support the tax conformity provisions in the budget, although she commended Democratic leaders for reaching a more favorable deal than the Republican budget presented earlier in the session.
The GOP budget proposed cutting state agencies across the board by 10%, but that has now been reduced to a 2.5% reduction in operation spending which eliminates 1,000 unfunded full-time positions and requires the sale of vacant government buildings. The bipartisan budget also increases state employee healthcare spending by about $100 million and removes a 20% increase in premium payments that was in the GOP budget.
Under the earlier budget, about 40,000 Arizonans would have been removed from the state’s Medicaid program, the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System, but Democrats negotiated $20 million for 163 new full-time employees at AHCCCS and the Department of Economic Security to help administer the programs.
“House Democrats stuck together and forced a better deal: one that feeds kids, supports public schools, lowers childcare costs, and protects healthcare,” Assistant House Minority Leader Nancy Gutierrez, D-Tucson, said in a Tuesday statement.
The budget deal also includes a 4% stipend for correctional officers, $48 million to state childcare assistance programs, and $58 million for child safety operations.
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