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Bursting ice dam in Alaska highlights risks of glacial flooding around the globe

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Bursting ice dam in Alaska highlights risks of glacial flooding around the globe


Debris from a home that partially fell into the Mendenhall River sits on its banks in Juneau, Alaska, on Sunday Aug. 6, 2023. The city of Juneau says the Mendenhall River flooded on Saturday because of a major release from Suicide Basin above Alaska’s capital city, and at least two buildings were destroyed. (Mark Sabbatini/Juneau Empire via AP)

Mark Sabbatini/AP

JUNEAU, Alaska (AP) — The gray, two-story home with white trim toppled and slid, crashing into the river below as rushing waters carried off a bobbing chunk of its roof. Next door, a condo building teetered on the edge of the bank, its foundation already having fallen away as erosion undercut it.

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The destruction came over the weekend as a glacial dam burst in Alaska’s capital, swelling the levels of the Mendenhall River to an unprecedented degree. The bursting of such snow-and-ice dams is a phenomenon called a jökuhlaup, and while it’s relatively little-known in the U.S., researchers say such glacial floods could threaten about 15 million people around the world.

“We sat down there and were just watching it, and all of a sudden trees started to fall in,” Amanda Arra, whose house continued hanging precariously over the river bank Monday, told the Juneau Empire. “And that’s when I started to get concerned. Tree after tree after tree.”

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The flooding in Juneau came from a side basin of the awe-inspiring Mendenhall Glacier, which acts as a dam for the rain and melted snow that collect in the basin during the spring and summer. Eventually, the water gushed out from under the glacier and into Mendenhall Lake, from which it flowed down the Mendenhall River.

Water released from the basin has caused sporadic flooding since 2011. But typically, the water releases more slowly, over a number of days, said Eran Hood, a University of Alaska Southeast professor of environmental science.

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Saturday’s event was astonishing because the water gushed so quickly, raising the river’s flows to about 1 1/2 times the highest previously recorded — so much that it washed away sensors that researchers had placed to study the glacial outburst phenomenon.

“The flows were just way beyond what anything in the river could withstand,” Hood said.

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Two homes were completely lost and a third partially so, Robert Barr, Juneau’s deputy city manager, said Monday. There were no reports of injuries or fatalities.

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Eight buildings, including those that fell into the water, have been condemned, but some might be able to be salvaged by substantial repairs or bank stabilization, he said. Others suffered lesser damage.

While climate change is melting the Mendenhall and other glaciers around the world, its relationship to such floods is complicated, scientists say.

The basin where the rain and meltwater collect was formerly covered by the Suicide Glacier, which used to flow into the Mendenhall Glacier, contributing ice to it. But the Suicide Glacier has retreated as the climate warms, leaving a lake in the basin dammed by the Mendenhall.

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While that part can be linked to climate change, the unpredictable ways that those waters can burst through the ice dams and create floods downstream is not, they said.

“Climate change caused the phenomenon, but not the individual floods,” Hood said.

The variability in the timing and volume of such floods makes it hard to prepare for them, said Celeste Labedz, an environmental seismologist at the University of Calgary.

More than half of the people at risk from glacial outburst floods are in just four countries — India, Pakistan, Peru and China, according to a study published this year in Nature Communications.

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One of the more devastating such events killed up to 6,000 people in Peru in 1941. A 2020 glacial lake outburst flood in British Columbia, Canada, caused a surge of water about 330 feet (100 meters) high, but no one was hurt.

Because the ground along the Mendenhall River is largely made up of loose glacial deposits, it’s especially susceptible to erosion, Hood said. The damage could have been much worse if the flood coincided with heavy rains, he said.

Chris and Bob Winter built their house about 50 feet (15.2 meters) off the Mendenhall River in 1981. It flooded for the first time in 2014, an event that prompted them to raise their house 3 feet. It flooded again on Saturday with about 3 inches of standing water, enough to soak the carpets, subflooring and drywall.

“You just got to rip it all out,” Chris Winter said. “I just don’t know what’s going to happen, but we can’t live in our house right now.”

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She said her biggest concern is that they are both in their mid-70s and will probably have to move south at some point.

“We raised our family, and they’re gone and nobody’s in Juneau,” she said. “And I don’t know that we’ll be able to sell it.”

Thiessen reported from Anchorage. Associated Press writer Gene Johnson in Seattle and researcher Jennifer Farrar in New York contributed to this report.

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Alaska

Opinion: A troubling vote for Alaska — and for the nation

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Opinion: A troubling vote for Alaska — and for the nation


The U.S. Capitol in Washington. (J. Scott Applewhite/AP)

It’s only been a few months, but after observing recent actions in Congress, I feel compelled to speak out. The House’s passage of the so-called “budget” bill represents a profound failure to lead, and the fact that Alaska’s lone representative cast the deciding vote makes it especially painful, as that member is my nephew, Nick Begich.

I had hoped — both for Alaska’s sake and our family — that Nick would chart an independent course in Congress, as Don Young, Mary Peltola and even my father once did. I hoped he would challenge falsehoods and act in Alaska’s best interests, not follow the lead of a president widely viewed as the most corrupt in our lifetime. I was wrong.

Nick has voted in lockstep with this administration — earning an early endorsement from the president — and has done so despite the consequences to our state. As reported by the Anchorage Daily News, Nick claimed on social media that the bill “marks the single most significant step toward restoring fiscal sanity in a generation.” That statement is demonstrably false.

This bill does not reduce the deficit. It extends tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans while cutting Medicaid and SNAP benefits, which help Alaskans survive. If Alaska tries to shield our residents from these cuts, we could face at least a $63 million shortfall. Even with these harsh sacrifices, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office projects that the bill will add trillions to the federal deficit. That’s not fiscal responsibility — it’s deception. To claim otherwise is to follow the Trump playbook: say something loud enough, and hope no one notices the truth.

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But the bill goes even further. One provision removes the courts’ ability to hold government officials in contempt for defying court orders, effectively eliminating a vital check on executive power. With this change, any administration could disregard court rulings — with impunity — unless a citizen can afford an expensive legal battle. This is not a partisan issue. Republican or Democrat, every American should be concerned by this blatant attempt to weaken the judicial branch and undermine the rule of law.

My father, Rep. Nick Begich Sr., worked across the aisle in the 1970s to help settle the Alaska Native Land Claims, secure the pipeline right-of-way and protect Alaska’s most vulnerable. As a professor and legislator, he understood the importance of checks and balances. He knew that winning didn’t mean destroying your opponents or silencing dissent. He would be outraged by this administration’s disregard for democratic norms — and by the complicity of those who remain silent. He would have spoken up.

My nephew may share my father’s name, but he does not share his values. If he did, he would speak up against corruption. He would reject authoritarian tactics and defend the right to dissent. He would stand with the Alaskans who have the least power and the most to lose.

Instead, he has chosen a darker road — one where dissent is punished, courts are weakened, and the concentration of power is celebrated. That is not the America my father served. It is not the Alaska I know.

I hope Nick reads this. I hope he remembers that leadership means more than loyalty to a party or a president. It means doing the hard thing when it’s right. It means standing alone if necessary, for the people you represent. There is still time to choose a different path — one of integrity and courage. One that honors the legacy of those who came before and reminds us of what public service can truly be.

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Tom Begich is a former minority leader of the Alaska State Senate and the executive director of the Nicholas J. and Pegge Begich Public Service Fund. His views here are his own and do not represent the fund.

• • •

The views expressed here are the writer’s and are not necessarily endorsed by the Anchorage Daily News, which welcomes a broad range of viewpoints. To submit a piece for consideration, email commentary(at)adn.com. Send submissions shorter than 200 words to letters@adn.com or click here to submit via any web browser. Read our full guidelines for letters and commentaries here.





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An audio postcard celebrating the work of Alaska’s maritime professionals

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An audio postcard celebrating the work of Alaska’s maritime professionals


National Maritime Day is May 22. It’s a small but important holiday recognizing the hard work that goes into a career at sea. Alaska is home to thousands of mariners, including fishermen, navigators, maintenance specialists and law enforcement.

KUCB’s Andy Lusk linked up with some local maritime professionals to hear about their experiences in the industry. This audio postcard features some of those interviews.

Thank you to those who interviewed for this story:

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Karoly “Charlie” Gaspar

Timothy Davis

Steve White

David Arzt

Phillip Thorne

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Opinion: Thanks to Alaska lawmakers for supporting public education

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Opinion: Thanks to Alaska lawmakers for supporting public education


Votes are displayed as a joint session of the Alaska Legislature overrode a veto by Gov. Mike Dunleavy on the education bill on May 20. (Marc Lester / ADN)

Dear members of the Alaska Legislature,

On behalf of the Anchorage School District, we offer our heartfelt thanks for your leadership in overriding the governor’s veto of House Bill 57.

We deeply appreciate and commend the bipartisan action — a powerful, united stand that reflects not only a shared commitment to sound education policy, but also to protecting Alaska’s students, supporting their future, and upholding the strength of our public schools. Your willingness to rise above partisanship in service of our students is leadership at its best.

Securing the 46 votes needed to override the veto was no small feat. Each of you came together to make a resounding commitment to public education. We are grateful for this historic vote — a result of more than a year of conversation, advocacy, and careful negotiation. The $700 increase to the Base Student Allocation represents the largest permanent increase in Alaska’s history, accompanied by high-impact policy reforms that were thoughtfully shaped with input from educators and communities across the state. This legislation is much more than a funding bill — it’s a promise to Alaska’s students, and we are profoundly thankful to the legislators who worked across party lines to make it a reality.

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[News coverage: Alaska lawmakers override Dunleavy’s veto of education bill]

We are also deeply grateful to the students, families, educators and community members who raised their voices in support of the override. Their advocacy was essential in moving this legislation forward and ensuring lawmakers heard the collective call for change.

Because of your leadership, ASD has started the process of restoring critical services and hiring teachers for the next school year. Though the threat of a veto to the education appropriation still looms, ASD is committed to moving forward, albeit cautiously, in service of our students and families. We understand that the decisions ahead will be difficult. As you work to develop and implement the sustainable, long-term fiscal plan our state urgently needs — one that ensures funding for the essential services Alaskans rely on — your commitment to bold action gives us hope.

We are proud to stand with you in support of strong, stable, and fully funded public education across Alaska.

Jharrett Bryantt is superintendent of the Anchorage School District.

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Carl Jacobs is president of the Anchorage School Board.

• • •

The views expressed here are the writer’s and are not necessarily endorsed by the Anchorage Daily News, which welcomes a broad range of viewpoints. To submit a piece for consideration, email commentary(at)adn.com. Send submissions shorter than 200 words to letters@adn.com or click here to submit via any web browser. Read our full guidelines for letters and commentaries here.





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