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Robots perform like human surgeons by just watching videos

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Robots perform like human surgeons by just watching videos

In a groundbreaking development, researchers at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) and Stanford University have successfully trained a robotic surgical system to perform complex tasks with the skill of human doctors. 

This achievement marks a significant step toward autonomous robotic surgery, potentially transforming the future of medical procedures.

Robotic surgical system. (Johns Hopkins University)

Robots learn from watching surgical videos

The team utilized a da Vinci Surgical System, a robotic platform typically controlled remotely by surgeons. Using a machine learning technique called imitation learning, they trained the system to perform three critical surgical tasks: manipulating a needle, lifting body tissue and suturing.

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What sets this approach apart is the training method. Instead of painstakingly programming each movement, the robot learned by watching hundreds of videos recorded from wrist-mounted cameras on da Vinci robots during actual surgical procedures. This method allows the robot to learn from the collective experience of numerous skilled surgeons, potentially surpassing the capabilities of any single human operator.

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Da Vinci surgical system. (Intuitive)

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AI combines imitation learning with robotics for surgical precision

The researchers developed an AI model that merges imitation learning with the machine learning architecture used in popular language models like ChatGPT. However, this model operates in the language of robotics — kinematics — translating visual input into precise robotic movements. This sophisticated approach allows the system to understand and replicate complex surgical maneuvers with remarkable accuracy.

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Da Vinci surgical system. (Intuitive)

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Impressive results and self-correction

The surgical system not only executed tasks as proficiently as human surgeons but also demonstrated the ability to correct its own mistakes. As Axel Krieger, assistant professor at JHU, noted, “Like if it drops the needle, it will automatically pick it up and continue. This isn’t something I taught it to do.” This level of autonomy and adaptability is crucial in surgical settings where unexpected situations can arise. The robot’s ability to problem-solve and adjust its actions in real time could potentially reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.

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Da Vinci surgical system. (Intuitive)

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Accelerating the path to autonomous surgery

This breakthrough could significantly speed up the development of autonomous surgical robots. Traditional methods of programming robots for surgery are time-consuming and limited in scope. With this new approach, Krieger explains, “We only have to collect imitation learning of different procedures, and we can train a robot to learn it in a couple days.” This rapid learning capability opens up possibilities for quickly adapting surgical robots to new procedures or techniques, potentially revolutionizing the field of robotic surgery.

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Robotic surgical system. (Johns Hopkins University)

Looking ahead: Full surgical procedures

The JHU team is now working on expanding this technology to train robots to perform complete surgical procedures. While fully autonomous robotic surgery may still be years away, this innovation paves the way for safer and more accessible complex treatments worldwide. The ability to train robots on entire surgical procedures could lead to standardized, high-quality surgical care even in areas lacking specialized surgeons.

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Robotic surgical system. (Johns Hopkins University)

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Kurt’s key takeaways

By harnessing the power of AI and imitation learning, we’re witnessing the birth of surgical robots that can learn and adapt much like human surgeons. As this technology continues to evolve, it holds the promise of reducing medical errors, increasing surgical precision, and potentially making advanced surgical procedures available to more patients globally. While there are still challenges to overcome, including ethical considerations and regulatory approvals, the future of AI-assisted and autonomous robotic surgery looks increasingly promising.

Would you feel comfortable undergoing surgery performed by a robotic system trained using AI and imitation learning? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact

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The smaller Fairphone 6 introduces swappable accessories

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The smaller Fairphone 6 introduces swappable accessories

Fairphone has announced its latest repairable smartphone, nearly two years after introducing the last upgrade. The new Fairphone 6 is smaller and 9 percent lighter than its predecessor, but it includes a larger 4,415mAh battery — easily replaceable by removing just seven screws — that will power the phone for up to 53 hours on a full charge. It’s also more modular than previous versions, with new accessories like a card holder and finger loop that can be attached to the back of the phone.

The Fairphone 6 is available now through the company’s online store and other European retailers for €599 (around $696). There are black, green, and white color options. But as with previous versions dating back to the Fairphone 3, the new model will only be available in the US through Murena, and delivery is expected sometime in August. Instead of running standard Android, the Murena version of the Fairphone 6 will feature a privacy-focused and de-Googled version of Android that the company calls /e/OS. It’s available for preorder now for $899.

The Fairphone 6 is available in black, green, and white.
Image: Fairphone

The Fairphone 6 has a Snapdragon 7s Gen 3 mobile processor, 8GB of RAM, and 512GB of storage that’s expandable up to 2TB using an SDXC card. It also features a 6.31-inch LTPO OLED display that’s slightly smaller than the Fairphone 5’s 6.46-inch screen, but with a refresh rate boosted from 90Hz to 120Hz.

On the back, you’ll find a 50MP main camera and a 13MP ultrawide camera, while the front has a 32MP hole-punch camera for selfies and video calls. That’s a significant step down from the Fairphone 5, which used 50MP sensors on all three of its cameras.

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Two versions of the Fairphone 6 with a lanyard and card holder attached.

The lower part of the Fairphone 6’s back panel can be removed using two screws to attach optional accessories.
Image: Fairphone

The Fairphone 6’s physical design is similar to the previous model, although the lenses on the back are no longer located on a small camera bump and instead sit directly on the back panel. That panel is more modular now, allowing the lower section to be removed using just two screws and replaced with alternatives that add more functionality, like a wallet for holding cards or a finger loop for more securely holding the phone with one hand. The idea is similar to the swappable accessories Nothing offers for its CMF Phone 1 and Phone Pro 2, but how useful it will actually be depends on how many accessories Fairphone makes available.

Repairability is still a priority for Fairphone, and its new phone carries forward the same modular design of past versions. The modular aspect lets you access and swap 12 different parts — including the screen, battery, and USB port — using just a single standard screwdriver instead of specialized tools.

To further extend the Fairphone 6’s lifespan, the company includes a five-year warranty and promises eight years of software support through 2033. But the downside to not having everything inside the phone being glued in place and sealed tight is that the Fairphone 6 still has a limited IP55 rating for dust and water resistance. It can get splashed or even blasted with a jet of water, but it won’t survive an accidental submersion.

Aside from performance improvements and the new modular accessories, Fairphone seems to be staying the course with its latest smartphone, but it is introducing one additional new feature on the software side: Fairphone Moments. Activated through a physical switch on the phone’s side, it will let you “toggle between a full-featured smartphone and a minimalist experience.”

We don’t know exactly what Fairphone Moments will be minimizing, but since the company describes it as being “a mindful way to engage with technology, putting owners in control, not their notifications,“ it sounds like an alternate mode that reduces distractions so you can focus on specific tasks.

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Humanoid robots handle quality checks and assembly at auto plant

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Humanoid robots handle quality checks and assembly at auto plant

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Kepler Robotics has officially introduced its Forerunner K2 “Bumblebee” humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant in Shanghai, marking a significant moment in the real-world deployment of advanced robotics. In a recently released video, the K2 is seen moving confidently through the plant, performing detailed quality checks, and handling assembly operations that demand both strength and precision. This debut signals the beginning of scenario-based testing for Kepler’s humanoid robots across a variety of industrial settings, where their capabilities can be evaluated in live production environments.

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Humanoid robots at the SAIC-GM automotive plant in Shanghai (Kepler Robotics)

How Kepler’s K2 “Bumblebee” is changing automotive manufacturing

The K2 “Bumblebee” robot is built for the demands of modern factories. At SAIC-GM, it has already demonstrated its ability to perform intricate inspections, navigate complex factory layouts, and manage heavy automotive components with impressive autonomy. The robot can load stamped parts, manipulate mechanical fixtures, and adapt to new tasks using a combination of imitation and reinforcement learning. Its presence in the factory highlights a shift toward smarter, more efficient production lines, where robots and humans work side by side to achieve higher standards of quality and safety.

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Forerunner K2 "Bumblebee" humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant.

Forerunner K2 “Bumblebee” humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant. (Kepler Robotics)

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Mechanical and AI advancements in the Forerunner K2

Kepler’s Forerunner K2 is a notable step up from its predecessor, the K1, thanks to extensive improvements in both hardware and software. The K2 features a reinforced limb structure for greater durability and easier maintenance, tactile manipulators with an impressive 11 degrees of freedom per hand, and flexible fingertip sensors that boost its dexterity. Its integrated battery allows for up to eight hours of continuous operation, supporting the long shifts required in industrial settings.

On the intelligence side, the K2 leverages a cloud-based cognitive system that enables it to learn new tasks quickly and coordinate its movements with full-body awareness. Enhanced perception, task planning, and improved human-robot interaction algorithms allow the K2 to operate independently while collaborating smoothly with human coworkers.

Forerunner K2 "Bumblebee" humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant.

Forerunner K2 “Bumblebee” humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant. (Kepler Robotics)

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Kepler’s K2 and the future of humanoid robots in industry

Kepler’s ambitions for its humanoid robots extend far beyond automotive manufacturing. The company envisions these robots playing active roles in education, research, security, logistics, and hazardous outdoor operations. In classrooms, the K2 can support interactive learning and real-time coaching, while in research labs, it can help with data gathering and experimental tasks.

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For security applications, the robot’s advanced sensors enable it to patrol complex areas, detect emergencies, and assist in rescue operations. In logistics, the K2 is designed to automate goods handling and warehouse management, increasing both accuracy and efficiency.

Its robust design, waterproofing, and resistance to extreme temperatures make it suitable for challenging environments, including areas with radiation or explosive hazards. The K2’s autonomous navigation and real-time monitoring capabilities help reduce risks and boost productivity, especially in high-risk conditions.

Forerunner K2 "Bumblebee" humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant.

Forerunner K2 “Bumblebee” humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant. (Kepler Robotics)

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What Sets the K2 Apart

The Forerunner K2 stands out for its precision, endurance, and adaptability. With advanced manipulators and flexible sensors, the robot can handle delicate and complex tasks that require a human-like touch. Its eight-hour battery life supports continuous operation during long industrial shifts, and its learning algorithms enable it to adapt to new tasks and environments with minimal retraining.

Kepler also emphasizes the cost efficiency of the K2, stating that it can match or exceed the workload of multiple human workers in certain scenarios, making it a practical addition to high-demand workplaces. The company has set the base price for the Forerunner K2 at around $30,000, positioning it as an accessible option for manufacturers seeking to boost productivity and efficiency with intelligent robotics.

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Forerunner K2 "Bumblebee" humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant.

Forerunner K2 “Bumblebee” humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant. (Kepler Robotics)

Addressing concerns about job displacement

The introduction of advanced humanoid robots like Kepler’s K2 naturally raises questions about the future of human employment in manufacturing and other industries. It’s true that automation and robotics have the potential to change the way work is organized on the factory floor. Some worry that robots could replace jobs traditionally held by people, especially in roles that involve repetitive or physically demanding tasks.

However, experts and industry leaders point out that the story is more nuanced. While certain jobs may be automated, new opportunities often emerge alongside technological advancements. For example, the rise of robotics is expected to create roles in robot maintenance, programming, AI training, and oversight, jobs that require different skills but are essential to supporting and managing these new systems. Many analysts believe that robots like the K2 are likely to complement human workers by taking over monotonous or hazardous duties, which allows people to focus on more complex, creative, or supervisory tasks.

Collaborative robots, or “cobots,” are specifically designed to work alongside humans, enhancing productivity and safety rather than simply replacing labor. This collaborative approach can lead to new forms of teamwork and innovation on the factory floor, making work environments safer and more efficient. Ultimately, the integration of humanoid robots is expected to shift the workforce rather than eliminate it, opening up new possibilities for both businesses and employees as they adapt to a more automated future.

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Forerunner K2 "Bumblebee" humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant.

Forerunner K2 “Bumblebee” humanoid robot at the SAIC-GM automotive plant. (Kepler Robotics)

Kurt’s key takeaways

Kepler’s K2 humanoid robot making its debut at SAIC-GM is a big step forward for robotics in real-world workplaces. Watching these robots take on challenging tasks alongside people shows just how much potential there is for collaboration between humans and machines. As more companies explore what humanoid robots can do, it’s going to be fascinating to see how these partnerships shape the future of work and industry.

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Despite what experts and industry leaders say, does it concern you that as robots like Kepler’s K2 take on more tasks, human workers will be replaced? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact.

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Roblox wants to better reward creators for bringing players back

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Roblox wants to better reward creators for bringing players back

Roblox is introducing two new systems that are designed to further encourage creators to bring players onto the social games platform on a regular basis. The systems, part of what Roblox is calling Creator Rewards, will roll out beginning July 24th.

One is the Daily Engagement Reward program, which gives Roblox creators 5 Robux for an “active spender” on the platform who spends at least 10 minutes in their experience in one day. 5 Robux isn’t a lot on its own — depending on where you buy Robux, that can translate to about five cents — but if an experience brings back thousands or millions of people every day, that could add up quickly. Roblox may also change the payout in the future, it says in a blog post.

To be eligible for the reward, a creator’s experience must also be one of the first three experiences an active spender (which the platform defines as a user who has spent at least $9.99 in the last 60 days) launches each day.

The choice to offer these payouts after the first three experiences isn’t an exact science, Roblox CPO Manuel Bronstein tells The Verge. It’s more that those first three experiences are why you may come to the platform in a given day, he says, while you might visit experiences after those first three because you found something new through recommendations or because of a friend’s suggestion.

Bronstein doesn’t think creators will change their experiences to optimize just for that 10-minute threshold. “Continue to build a great product, continue to build a great game, continue to build a great experience, and you will benefit from this reward,” he says.

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He also points out that these engagement-based rewards aren’t the sole mechanism for Roblox creators to make money. The “vast” majority of transactions for Roblox developers come from transactions that they generate on the platform, according to Bronstein, and creators can also monetize with things like ads, subscriptions, and even selling physical goods.

The second program Roblox is adding is the Audience Expansion Reward, which pays creators a revenue share of purchases from Roblox users who join or return to the platform because of them. Roblox will apply the credit if a player joins the platform through a creator’s link or if a player searches for a creator’s experience on Roblox by name and plays for at least 10 minutes. This new system will eventually take over for Roblox’s current Creator Affiliate program. This program will offer a 35 percent revenue share to creators on up to the first $100 those new or returning users spend in their first two months on Roblox.

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