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From giant crabs to toxic snails, a look at invasive species that made news in NC last year

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From giant crabs to toxic snails, a look at invasive species that made news in NC last year



They aren’t supposed to be here, but they are now marching across N.C. A look at invasive species that made news in the Tar Heel State last year

It might be a new year, but for North Carolina’s environment there are many of the same problems from species that shouldn’t be here or have been drawn to the Tar Heel State by our warming weather thanks to climate change.

Some might be considered cute, others pests by most. But what they share in common is the real or potential impact they can have on native species that often aren’t equipped to deal with the interlopers.

From phragmites to fire ants to kudzu, some of these non-natives have been here long enough that they have become established in our ecosystems and are too widespread and adapted to be wiped out.

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But others are just getting their foothold in the Tar Heel State. And while North Carolina isn’t usually their first landing spot in the U.S., research and experiences in those other locations offer a vision of what impacts we can expect.

Here’s a quick look back at some of the invasives that made news last year, whether as new arrivals or because of their continuing spread across the state.

Toxic snails

In October, the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission announced that a snail native to South America had been discovered in the Lumber River.

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The Apple snail, which can grow to an impressive 6 inches in size, are considered dangerous to both wildlife and humans. Their grazing habits can damage plants that many native aquatic species rely on, and they have also been found grazing on some amphibian eggs, according to the wildlife commission. They also pose threats to humans because of their potential to carry parasites like rat lungworm, which can cause deadly illness in people if the snails are consumed raw or undercooked. Their eggs carry a toxin, too, which can cause skin and eye rashes.

Like some of the most problematic non-native species, the snail also is prodigious breeder. Adult females lay eggs in striking bright pink clusters as frequently as once per week, and, often thousands of individual eggs are found at a time.

The discovery of the invasive species was the first time the snail had been spotted in North Carolina, but officials fear it won’t be the last. The Lumber River basin extends into Columbus County and South Carolina, and the snail already has established itself in Louisiana, Georgia, Texas and Florida, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

Big, like really big crabs!

Imagine a fiddler crab on steriods and you get the idea of the size of the blue land crab.

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And like many species that are big, colorful or unusual in some way, the giant crab isn’t supposed to be in North Carolina.

But in summer 2023 they were spotted for the first time on Emerald Isle in Carteret County. How they got there remains a mystery.

Blue land crabs are native from Brazil to south Florida, and their bodies can grow as large as 6 inches. Occasional sightings have been reported along Georgia and South Carolina beaches in past decades, but never in North Carolina until last year.

As big as a good-sized coconut or cantaloupe when counting the breadth of its legs and claws, cardisoma guanhumi is hard to miss as it scuttles along coastal areas. That might make you think they are easy to catch. But they are fast, and their burrows are deep and extensive. Oh, and then there’s that big claw that it doesn’t mind using to defend itself.

Unlike its smaller cousin, the native blue crab, the blue land crab is a vegetarian, grabbing fresh plant shoots, fruits and crops that are found near coastal waters before retreating to its burrow. Although there have been reports of the crabs feeding on animal carcasses and practicing cannibalism, these actions are thought to be rare.

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That has researchers not too worried about what direct impacts, aside from creating big holes that could pose a danger to humans and animals, the big crabs might have on the environment. But, they added, there’s always the concern of what other bugs or parasites might have hitched a ride up the coast on the crabs and is now impacting local flora and fauna.

PHOTOS: Blue land crabs in North Carolina

Tree-killing bug

There’s nothing good to say about this invasive insect that leaves millions of dead ash trees in its wake, and now there’s little to stop it from reaching the Wilmington area − if it’s not already here.

The emerald ash borer is a strikingly beautiful member of the insect family. Native to Asia, the pest was first spotted in the U.S. near Detroit in 2002. The bug likely hitched a ride over the Pacific in wood-packing material carried by ships or planes.

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Jump forward a decade, and the bug was first spotted in North Carolina in Granville County north of Durham. As of last year the invasive insect had been found in 71 of North Carolina’s 100 counties, most recently in Craven, Hertford, Cumberland and Lee counties.

And it’s still spreading.

The mature beetle, which is about half-inch long, isn’t the tree killer, but its larvae is. Adult borers lay their eggs on the bark of ash trees. When the eggs hatch, the larvae bore into the bark and feed on the tree’s transportation tissue. What follows is a slow, top-down death for the ash tree, as first the crown of the tree is starved of water and nutrients and then the rest of the tree − a process that can take up to five years.

While the bug can fly, researchers say human transport of infected wood is the primary way the borer spreads. Oh, and just for good measure, the insect also use waterways to travel, since many ash trees are found around rivers and wetlands. Infected trees in Cumberland and Bladen counties were discovered along the banks of the Cape Fear River.

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With more than 250 million ash trees in North Carolina, the borer has plenty to eat. Active ways to stop the beetle’s spread are few, with researchers around the country − including at N.C. State University − looking into using biological controls from the ash borer’s home turf in Asia, including tiny wasps that feed on the bug’s larvae.

And while treatment is possible, the process is expensive and has to be done repeatedly to protect the trees.

COMING SOON TO WILMINGTON: Invasive pest that has decimated millions of NC ash trees

Armored possums

If you haven’t seen a nine-banded armadillo − yes, an armadillo − in North Carolina, it’s likely only a matter of time.

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Since 2007, the little mammal has been expanding its range across the Tar Heel State. A bit unusually, the armadillo’s invasion began in Western N.C., and it only fairly recently began popping up in the Piedmont and along the Coastal Plain.

While researchers are still gathering information, armadillos don’t appear to be causing the widespread ecological problem that other non-native and invasive species can cause when they show up in a new environment. But gardeners and landscapers might disagree, noting that the burrowing animals can leave a mess of holes on lawns and in gardens as they hunt for insects.

Armadillos, a bit like opossums, wouldn’t win a beauty pageant in the animal world. They are equipped with long ears, a pig-like snout and a scaly tail. They also has poor eyesight, but a great sense of smell.

But the mostly nocturnal critters are adaptable, which has helped them navigate across North Carolina. Since the first sighting in 2007, the wildlife commission has received nearly 900 reports of nine-banded armadillo sightings in 70 of North Carolina’s 100 counties, with nearly 30 counties − stretching from Cherokee to Dare counties − having confirmed observations. Observations, which are increasing year over year, also have been reported in Brunswick, New Hanover and Pender counties.

ON THE MOVE: How climate change and population growth are helping armadillos move into more areas of NC

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Reporter Gareth McGrath can be reached at GMcGrath@Gannett.com or @GarethMcGrathSN on X/Twitter. This story was produced with financial support from the Green South Foundation and the Prentice Foundation. The USA TODAY Network maintains full editorial control of the work.   



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Pair charged at NC coast after little girl’s face held under water beneath Sunset Beach pier, police say

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Pair charged at NC coast after little girl’s face held under water beneath Sunset Beach pier, police say


RALEIGH, N.C. (WNCN) — A woman and a man are facing child abuse charges after a Friday afternoon report that a little girl was held upside down with her face under the surf beneath a Sunset Beach pier along the North Carolina coast, police said.

The incident was reported just after 6:30 p.m. Friday along the beach under the Sunset Beach Pier, according to a Saturday evening news release from the Sunset Beach Police Department.

Police on the Brunswick County island, located at the South Carolina line, said there were “social media posts and videos” of the incident.

“The safety and well-being of every child in our community remains our highest priority,” police said.

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Police said they were asking for witnesses in the case or anyone who has additional information.

“The charges stem from a 911 call reporting that a male was intentionally holding a child upside down by her legs, with her face submerged in the water against her will while she was screaming and crying,” the news release said.

Sunset Beach and the fishing pier. Photo courtesy: Sunset Beach Police Department

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Christopher Maurice Lee, 38, of Arcadia at Grande Dunes near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and Lesley Suzanne McClam, 26, of nearby Calabash, each charged with a count of misdemeanor child abuse, according to arrest warrants and the news release.

Police and a warrant said Lee was the “primary suspect” and that he is dating the girl’s mother.

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The arrest warrant for Lee said he was “repeatedly placing (the) child’s head under water/attempting to while (the) child screamed and stated ‘stop.’ Did so again once child was out of water.”

Police said the charge is “the most serious level of misdemeanor offenses.”

Lee was released on a $1,000 secured bond.

The North Carolina Department of Social Services has been notified and is conducting an investigation in coordination with the Sunset Beach Police Department, officers said.

Police added that anyone with information should contact Sunset Beach Police Detective Sergeant Miloszar at (910) 880-8512.

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Report: Giants hosting North Carolina DB Thaddeus Dixon on top-30 visit

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Report: Giants hosting North Carolina DB Thaddeus Dixon on top-30 visit


The New York Giants have scheduled a top-30 pre-draft visit with North Carolina cornerback Thaddeus Dixon, reports NFL draft analyst Easton Butler.

Dixon, a 6-foot-1, 195-pound senior from Los Angeles, began his career at Long Beach City College before transferring to Washington. In 2024 with the Huskies, he earned honorable mention All-Big Ten honors, starting 12 games and leading the team with 10 passes defensed while recording 43 tackles.

He transferred to North Carolina for the 2025 season, where he started seven games and posted 20 tackles and six passes defensed before a hamstring injury limited his availability.

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Scouts praise Dixon’s size, length, and athleticism, noting smooth mirroring in press coverage and effective use of his frame to contest passes. However, concerns remain about his top-end speed, consistency in short zones, and occasional upright posture in off coverage.

NFL analysts project him as an average backup or special teams contributor with a grade in the low-to-mid 70s range. He is widely viewed as a late-round prospect, often slotted around the sixth or seventh round.

The Giants enter the draft without a seventh-round selection unless they acquire additional picks through trade, making the visit notable for a player whose projection may not align with premium resources. Still, such meetings allow teams to assess character, scheme fit, and potential upside for depth roles in a rebuilding secondary.

Dixon’s combination of production at the Power conference level and physical tools could appeal to a Giants defense seeking versatile perimeter options and special teams assets.



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North Carolina advisory council recommends legalizing pot for adults

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North Carolina advisory council recommends legalizing pot for adults


A state advisory council is recommending that North Carolina lawmakers legalize marijuana through a tightly regulated system that would allow retail sales to adults — a shift that the group says will make consumption safer and bring millions of dollars in revenue to the state.

Marijuana is illegal under federal law, but dozens of U.S. states have legalized it. And nearly all states have legalized medical marijuana prescriptions for certain ailments. North Carolina is among the remaining states to resist any form of legalization.

As a result, billions of dollars are spent on illegal pot, according to a new report by the North Carolina Advisory Council on Cannabis. And other unregulated cannabis products are being manufactured to get people high, regardless of laws intended to stop that.

“Intoxicating cannabinoid products are already widely available across North Carolina,” the council says in its report, which was released this week. “The state now faces a choice about whether to continue allowing this marketplace to operate without comprehensive oversight or to establish a regulatory framework designed to protect the health, safety, and well-being of North Carolinians.” 

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The group — formed by Gov. Josh Stein and made up of law enforcement officials, bipartisan lawmakers, health experts, farming interests and others — says a regulated market that allows licensed retail sales of such products to adults will lead to better oversight, enforcement and consumer safety. A final report with more detailed recommendations is expected later this year.

Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, which is illegal in North Carolina. Hemp and marijuana both contain THC, but hemp is legal in the state because it contains THC at far lower levels than marijuana does — enough to impart some side-effects that users seek out, but not enough to get people high.

But some growers and manufacturers have figured out how to extract THC from hemp plants and introduce products into the marketplace touting the legal substance they do contain — cannabidiol, or CBD — but may possess enough THC to get someone high. Those products don’t face the same labeling requirements as other drugs and, officials say, are easily available at vape shops and convenience stores throughout the state. They are often marketed as legal alternatives to marijuana but are sold without consistent statewide standards for manufacturing, testing, labeling, packaging or age verification. Some shops sell these products to minors, officials say.

Attaching more regulations to the industry — including making those products available only to adults — would protect consumers while aiming to keep the products out of the hands of minors, officials say. 

The council is recommending that lawmakers adopt a unified approach to regulating hemp and intoxicating cannabidiol products to reduce confusion over enforcement and compliance. The group said it was important to include protections for medical users, but it makes a case for avoiding a regulatory framework that restricts use to medical consumers only. 

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“The costs of establishing a stand-alone medical cannabis program would likely be substantial and require significant state investment in agency infrastructure and oversight, physician education and certification, law enforcement training, compliance systems, and ongoing administrative support,” the report says. “These are not minor expenditures and represent the creation of an entirely new regulatory framework.”

The council added that restricting use to medical consumers “could fuel an already robust illicit market, without regulation to ensure consumer safety.”

Stein, a Democrat, has described the current patchwork of laws around marijuana and hemp and unregulated cannabis products as the “wild West.” He told WRAL last year that he supports the recreational use of marijuana and other intoxicating THC products by adults — a position that is likely to face opposition from Republican lawmakers. 

He has advocated for making those products available only to people 21 and older and a cannabis regulating agency similar to the North Carolina Alcoholic Beverage Control System, which controls the sale of liquor and requires bottles to list alcohol content and ingredients.

Legalization and regulation would also enable the state to collect tax revenue associated with sales of cannabis products. States that have chosen to regulate adult-use cannabis have generated between $33 million and $552 million in annual tax revenue, the council said in its report. That revenue could be used for enforcement and public health education campaigns. 

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Lawmakers have introduced several proposals in recent years — including bills to crack down on unregulated cannabis products or to legalize medical marijuana — but none have passed both chambers of the General Assembly. Any move toward legalization would require approval from the Republican-led legislature, where views remain divided.

An adult-use legalization proposal, the Marijuana Legalization and Reinvestment Act, supported by Democratic lawmakers and Stein, was filed in March 2025. It would legalize possession and regulated use for adults 21 and older, set a 30% excise tax on cannabis sales with additional local taxing options, allow limited home cultivation and direct tax revenue into community reinvestment and public health programs. It also includes automatic expungement of past cannabis convictions and social equity provisions designed to help communities disproportionately impacted by prohibition.

A separate bill, the North Carolina Compassionate Care Act, proposed tightly regulated medical cannabis for patients with health conditions. The bill, sponsored by Sen. Bill Raben, R-Brunswick, passed the Senate in 2022 but stalled in the House. 

Top legislative leaders, including House Speaker Destin Hall and Senate leader Phil Berger, didn’t respond to requests for comment on the advisory council’s recommendations.

Stein is hoping this report will push the General Assembly to act during the short session that begins this month.

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“Let’s get this right,” Stein said in a statement this week. “Let’s protect our kids and create a safe, legal, and well-regulated market for adults.” 

WRAL state government reporter Will Doran contributed to this report. 



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