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Arkansas legislature passes bills regulating crypto mining noise, banning foreign owners

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Arkansas legislature passes bills regulating crypto mining noise, banning foreign owners


Arkansas lawmakers on Wednesday gave final approval to two bills regulating cryptocurrency mining operations in the state and delivered them to the governor’s office to be signed into law.

Both bills are meant address what proponents say are shortcomings in 2023’s Act 851, the Arkansas Data Centers Act, which bars local governments from regulating crypto mining operations.

Act 851 passed easily in 2023’s regular session but has since come under fire for allowing crypto mines to operate without sufficient oversight. Many members of the General Assembly say that they didn’t fully understand aspects of the law when it was passed.

Crypto mines face widespread criticism for the loud noise that they often produce as well as the large amounts of water and electricity they consume.

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Many lawmakers voiced worry that the facilities could put a strain on already overtaxed aquifers, hurting farmers, and potentially overburden the energy grid.

Some lawmakers voiced concerns about cybersecurity risks related to foreign ownership.

The intense backlash to the passage of Act 851 has now led to the passage of the first major pieces of substantive non-budget legislation ever passed during a fiscal session, according to several lawmakers.

The final passage in the House on Wednesday comes after the sponsors of the two bills appeared before a legislative committee Tuesday for a final round of questioning and debate.

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Rep. Rick McClure, R-Malvern, and Sen. Joshua Bryant, R-Rogers, the sponsors of Senate Bill 78, as well as Sen. Missy Irvin, R-Mountain View, and Rep. Jeremiah Moore, R-Clarendon, the sponsors of Senate Bill 79, fielded questions from members of the House City, County and Local Affairs Committee.

Most agreed that something had to be done to address the many disparate concerns related to crypto mining and the bills were an acceptable start, though there was not a consensus that the bills presented a perfect or permanent solution.

Noise reduction in new bills

Senate Bill 78 requires crypto facilities to use noise reduction, listing methods such as liquid cooling, submerged cooling, building at least 2,000 feet from the nearest building or “fully enclosing the envelope” — meaning building solid walls on all sides of the crypto mine.

The bill also requires noise reduction and bans crypto operations from using water to cool their servers.

Some lawmakers, including Rep. Tippi McCullough, D-Little Rock, and Rep. Andrew Collins, D-Little Rock, pointed to language they said didn’t require these specific noise mitigation measures explicitly enough. They said the language is ambiguous as to whether other noise reduction might also technically meet the letter of the law.

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McCullough asked whether the bill mandates the specific types of noise reduction listed, or might “open it up to maybe just putting some cotton balls outside the walls and saying ‘we tried to reduce the noise.’”

Bryant said the bill should be read to mean that noise reduction must be as effective as those methods.

Foreign ownership barred

Both bills would bar many foreign nationals from owning any interest in crypto mining.

Nationals of countries on the list of countries subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations would not be able to own a stake in a crypto mine.

Bryant and Irvin worked together to merge the sections of SB 78 and SB 79 regarding foreign ownership so that they are compatible. Bryant lowered the percentage stake that a foreign national can own from 15% to 0% in order to match SB 79.

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Bryant said that using the list of countries in the regulations as opposed to barring nationals of particular countries was not a perfect solution but an efficient one.

“[As] a legislative body, we don’t have time to react to everything that’s happening in the world. Is it the best way to handle it? I’m not sure. But as it’s been said, we just don’t know and this is a step to try to control that.”

An owner of a crypto mine whose country is added to that list would have to divest from the mine, Bryant said.

Hobby mining allowed

Bryant said that under SB 78, crypto mining would be allowed as a hobby “within the four walls of the castle of your home.”

A handful of lawmakers asked how home crypto mining would be defined and differentiated from commercial crypto mining. Bryant and Entergy’s Director of Public Affairs John Bethel said that the scale of crypto mining out of a residence will be necessarily limited by the constraints of residential grade electrical service.

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“It’s almost like going to the diamond mines out here and having a good fun day, and you might get lucky that day, versus buying a diamond mine with all the equipment, all the employees and everything else. It’s just two different things,” McClure said.

Skepticism and criticism

“These are really stopgap bills until we get to the ’25 general session?” asked Rep. Carol Dalby, R-Texarkana.

Bryant agreed, saying that “there’s going to be a lot more discussion unfolding in 2025 and also between now and then.”

Rep. David Ray, R-Maumelle, said of SB 78: “Everybody can probably find something that they’re not 100% on board with but with the big issues as it pertains to this bill, those being noise, vicinity and foreign ownership, I think it address all the big things.”

Collins appeared to be the only “no” in the final voice votes that passed both bills.

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“I think in a lot of ways, it’s positive,” he said of SB 78, but “the reason I have to be a ‘no’ on it is that it goes too far in taking away liberties. In restricting foreign ownership in this way, we are casting a net that is both too wide and too narrow. It’s going to catch people up who are totally innocent and it’s going to miss a lot of people who are either home grown or from one of the countries not on this list.”

“We can’t really put that back in the bottle if we pass this,” Collins said.

Others disagreed, saying that there would be opportunities to improve upon the legislation.

“We’ve got between now and January to work with the sponsors and with other members of this body and the Senate, to get us there,” said Rep. David Whitaker, D-Fayetteville. “The people who are calling me say at least get started… I urge you not to let the perfect be the enemy of the good.”

“I’m not sure whether we’re helping or hurting but I’m going to support it because I know we need to do something,” said Rep. Mike Holcomb, R-Pine Bluff.

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ARKANSAS A-Z: Band formed by faculty members of what is now UCA | Arkansas Democrat Gazette

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ARKANSAS A-Z: Band formed by faculty members of what is now UCA | Arkansas Democrat Gazette


Five science professors formed the Professors, a bluegrass/folk band that performed for 44 years, beginning in 1967 when Arkansas State Teachers College in Conway was transitioning to State College of Arkansas, precursor of the University of Central Arkansas.

The band brought to life the “Friendliest College in Arkansas” slogan of the campus during those years, with shows that included a healthy dose of fun and humor along with the folk and bluegrass. One student remarked, “I think they are funny. I enjoy hearing them, because they enjoy themselves … . I didn’t know science professors can have so much fun.” They performed all over the state at fundraising events, football games, Kiwanis meetings and ceremonies, as well as at Conway’s first Toad Suck Daze in 1982. All of the band’s members were born and raised in rural Arkansas.

Ralva Bass, professor of physics, taught both physics and math at ASTC and was from Butlerville. Bass served in World War II and taught high school math in Newport in Jackson County before arriving at ASTC in 1958. He served for one year as interim chair of physics in 1964, and he coached the bowling team on campus. Bass played the rhythm guitar in the band.

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Neal Buffaloe, professor and chair of biology, was born in Leachville; he was an author and a minister and began at ASTC in 1957. His service to the campus was honored by two former students, who established the Neal D. Buffaloe Laboratory for Science Education in the Lewis Science Center. Buffaloe, who had formal training in music and played the viola for UCA’s Little Symphony Orchestra, played fiddle in the band.

Bluegrass band the Professors in front of Main Hall at the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, where the band members taught science: (Left to right): Denver Prince, Neal Buffaloe, Faril Simpson, Ralva Bass and Jerry Manion. (Courtesy of Dr. Robert Mauldin)

 

Jerry Manion, professor and chair of chemistry, was from Beebe, where he was the 1958 high school valedictorian; he started work at ASTC in 1965 and remained employed at UCA until his death in 2014. In 1965, Manion began practicing with the band in one of the chemistry labs or the radioisotope laboratory in Lewis Science Center. Playing the banjo, the guitar and some mandolin as well as singing tenor vocals, Manion became the leader and chief humorist of the band. He also played with the UCA Dixieland Band for more than 35 years.

Denver Prince, professor and chair of physics, was from Magnet Cove. Prince taught high school math, chemistry and physics before joining ASTC’s faculty in 1959. Prince was a strong supporter of UCA athletics, and the Prince Center on UCA’s campus was named in his honor. Prince played the upright bass, but in the early days of the band, it was a washtub bass. Prince helped on chorus as well.

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Faril Simpson of Grant County began at ASTC as a professor of chemistry in 1958. He had previously served in World War II and taught at Hall High School in Little Rock. He served as interim chair of chemistry at ASTC in 1964. A lover of old folk music and gospel songs, Simpson had a beautiful, deep voice, and provided lead vocals. He also played rhythm guitar and harmonica.

Under the recording label Wildfire Records, the Professors recorded two albums: “Introducing the Professors” (1972) and “Remember Me” (1985). In addition, they recorded the singles “Salty Dog Blues” (1971), “When It’s Time for the Whippoorwill to Sing” (1971), “Weeds in the Tater Patch” (1972), “Gonna Lay It By” (1972), “Faulkner County” (1973) and “Arkansas Hornpipe” (1973). — Robert Mauldin

This story is taken from the online Encyclopedia of Arkansas, a project of the Central Arkansas Library System. Visit the site at encyclopediaofarkansas.net.



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Office of Keep Arkansas Beautiful Now Part of the ARDOT

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Office of Keep Arkansas Beautiful Now Part of the ARDOT


The Arkansas Department of Transportation is now the home of the Office of Keep Arkansas Beautiful following the passage of Act 148 of the 2026 Fiscal Session.

The act, sponsored by Sen. Mark Johnson (R-Little Rock), transferred the duties and responsibilities of the Keep Arkansas Beautiful Commission to the new Office of Keep Arkansas Beautiful within ARDOT. The Keep Arkansas Beautiful Commission had previously operated under the Department of Parks, Heritage and Tourism.

This transition brings Keep Arkansas Beautiful’s community-focused programs under the same roof as ARDOT. According to a press release, working together as one organization will create new opportunities to align litter prevention and beautification efforts along the State’s Highway System.

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“This partnership creates opportunities to think beyond litter,” McKenzie McMath Coronel, administrator of the Office of Keep Arkansas Beautiful, said. “Together, we can build on that work by enhancing the beauty of Arkansas through roadside wildflowers, scenic byways, community beautification, and other initiatives that make our highways and public spaces places people are proud of.”

READ ALSO: NPC Highlights Workforce Partnerships During Visit From U.S. Education Leaders



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Freshman OL Tucker Young never wavered through Arkansas football coaching changes | Whole Hog Sports

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Freshman OL Tucker Young never wavered through Arkansas football coaching changes | Whole Hog Sports





Freshman OL Tucker Young never wavered through Arkansas football coaching changes | Whole Hog Sports







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