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The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Hummingbird

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The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Hummingbird

Flower mites spend their lives slurping nectar and nibbling pollen in flowers throughout the tropics. To travel from one blossom to another, these tiny, eight-legged creatures hitch rides on the beaks of hummingbirds, taking shelter in the birds’ nostrils during flight.

When a speedy hummingbird arrives at a flower to drink nectar, mites run toward its beak to get onboard before eventually transferring to another blossom. But the poppy-seed-size mites are basically blind and can’t jump, said Carlos Garcia-Robledo, a biologist at the University of Connecticut. How do they sense the bird’s presence and attach to it so quickly?

While doing research at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica, Dr. Garcia-Robledo and his colleagues decided to try to answer this question.

In a study published Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team discovered that flower mites can sense the same kinds of modulated electric fields that hummingbirds create when their wings rapidly flutter next to a flower. Moreover, these electric fields can also rapidly lift mites across a small air gap.

This is the first time that the ability to sense electric fields has been found in mites, and it suggests that this “electroreception” may be widespread and ecologically important, said Daniel Robert, a biologist at the University of Bristol in England who has published many studies on electroreception.

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In the study, Dr. Garcia-Robledo and the biologists Diego Dierick and Konstantine Manser devised experiments to assess the mites’ abilities.

In one, they placed mites near an electrode above a grounded copper plate. When the electrode was off or imbued with a nonmodulated electric field, all but one of the mites walked away.

When it was turned on and vibrating within the range of electric fields that emanate from hummingbirds, almost all mites stayed and lifted their two front legs toward the electrode.

In the first test, the mite reacted instantly, Dr. Garcia-Robledo said. “I was surprised the response was so evident and fast,” he said.

In another experiment, the animals were placed in a glass “arena” that had negatively and positively charged ends. When the current was switched on, the mites ran to the positively charged side, much as they rush toward positively charged hummingbirds in nature.

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The scientists looked closely at the mites’ front legs and discovered they contain structures similar to Haller’s organs, sensory hairs that help ticks sense chemical cues and heat. On each leg, they also found three hairs that closely resemble those that spiders use to measure electrical fields.

More experiments showed that mites with both front legs removed did not appear to be attracted to the modified electric field but that those with one leg were.

They also anesthetized mites and brought an electrode toward them until the electric field was sufficient to lift the animals across an air gap of between 0.5 to 3 millimeters. The mites could travel 150 body lengths per second, one of the highest speeds ever measured among land animals.

“They are super, super fast,” Dr. Garcia-Robledo said.

The study strongly suggests that mites are indeed glomming onto birds using these fields in nature, he said, briefly moving more swiftly than their flying hosts ever do.

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Dr. Robert, who was not involved in the study, said the finding raised other intriguing questions. By sensing signals embedded within a hummingbird’s electrical field, mites might be able to learn something about the animal itself. Could this include species-level recognition, as different birds vary in size, shape and flapping frequency?

Electroreception is widespread in aquatic animals, but is less common on land. Previous studies have shown that bumblebees can sense the electrical fields of flowers and use them to assess whether the flowers have been recently visited by other pollinators. Hoverflies appear capable of doing this as well.

Spiders can also sense electric charge in the atmosphere, which helps them with a behavior called ballooning. Another arachnid, the castor bean tick, uses electrostatic charge to attach to hosts.

This paper is the first to show electric fields being used in phoresis, the technical term used when one creature temporarily hitchhikes on another (a habit that is distinct from the parasitism practiced by ticks).

“This elegant study is really exciting because it introduces yet another ecological context in which animals use electroreception,” said Sam England, a biologist at Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany.

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Flower mites are parasites of their host blooms, depleting some of the same nectar that ever-hungry hummingbirds consume. But the birds don’t seem to mind and don’t seem to try to get rid of them.

“Most hummingbirds have these mites on them,” Dr. Garcia-Robledo said.

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For Oprah Winfrey, a croissant is now just a croissant — not a struggle

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For Oprah Winfrey, a croissant is now just a croissant — not a struggle

Yes, Oprah Winfrey has discussed her weight loss and weight gain and weight in general before — many, many times before. The difference this time around, she says, is how little food noise there is in her daily life, and how little shame. It’s so quiet, in fact, that she can eat a whole croissant and simply acknowledge she had breakfast.

“Food noise,” for those who don’t experience it, is a virtually nonstop mental conversation about food that, according to Tufts Medicine, rarely shuts up and instead drives a person “to eat when they’re not hungry, obsess over meals and feel shame or guilt about their eating habits.”

“This type of obsessive food-related thinking can override hunger cues and lead to patterns of overeating, undereating or emotional eating — especially for people who are overweight,” Tufts said.

Winfrey told People in an exclusive interview published Tuesday that in the past she would have been thinking, “‘How many calories in that croissant? How long is it going to take me to work it off? If I have the croissant, I won’t be able to have dinner.’ I’d still be thinking about that damn croissant!”

What has changed is her acceptance 2½ years ago that she has a disease, obesity, and that this time around there was something not called “willpower” to help her manage it.

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The talk show host has been using Mounjaro, one of the GLP-1 drugs, since 2023. The weight-loss version of Mounjaro is Zepbound, like Wegovy is the weight-loss version of Ozempic. Trulicity and Victroza are also GLP-1s, and a pill version of Wegovy was just approved by the FDA.

When she started using the injectable, Winfrey told People she welcomed the arrival of a tool to help her get away from the yo-yo path she’d been on for decades. After understanding the science behind it, she said, she was “absolutely done with the shaming from other people and particularly myself” after so many years of weathering public criticism about her weight.

“I have been blamed and shamed,” she said elsewhere in that 2023 interview, “and I blamed and shamed myself.”

Now, on the eve of 2026, Winfrey says her mental shift is complete. “I came to understand that overeating doesn’t cause obesity. Obesity causes overeating,” she told the outlet. “And that’s the most mind-blowing, freeing thing I’ve experienced as an adult.”

She isn’t even sharing her current weight with the public.

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Winfrey did take a break from the medication early in 2024, she said, and started to regain weight despite continuing to work out and eat healthy foods. So for Winfrey the obesity prescription will be renewed for a lifetime. C’est la vie seems to be her attitude.

“I’m not constantly punishing myself,” she said. “I hardly recognize the woman I’ve become. But she’s a happy woman.”

Winfrey has to take a carefully managed magnesium supplement and make sure she drinks enough water, she said. The shots are done weekly, except when she feels like she can go 10 or 12 days. But packing clothes for the Australian leg of her “Enough” book tour was an off-the-rack delight, not a trip down a shame spiral. She’s even totally into regular exercise.

Plus along with the “quiet strength” she has found in the absence of food noise, Winfrey has experienced another cool side effect: She pretty much couldn’t care less about drinking alcohol.

“I was a big fan of tequila. I literally had 17 shots one night,” she told People. “I haven’t had a drink in years. The fact that I no longer even have a desire for it is pretty amazing.”

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So back to that croissant. How did she feel after she scarfed it down?

“I felt nothing,” she said. “The only thing I thought was, ‘I need to clean up these crumbs.’”

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Owners of mobile home park destroyed in the Palisades fire say they’re finally clearing the debris

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Owners of mobile home park destroyed in the Palisades fire say they’re finally clearing the debris

Former residents of the Palisades Bowl Mobile Home Estates, a roughly 170-unit mobile home park completely destroyed in the Palisades fire, received a notice Dec. 23 from park owners saying debris removal would start as early as Jan. 2.

The Bowl is the largest of only a handful of properties in the Palisades still littered with debris nearly a year after the fire. It’s left the Bowl’s former residents, who described the park as a “slice of paradise,” stuck in limbo.

The email notice, which was reviewed by The Times, instructed residents to remove any burnt cars from their lots as quickly as possible, since contractors cannot dispose of vehicles without possessing the title. It followed months of near silence from the owners.

“The day before Christmas Eve … it triggers everybody and throws everybody upside down,” said Jon Brown, who lived in the Bowl for 10 years and now helps lead the fight for the residents’ right to return home. “Am I liable if I can’t get this done right now? Between Christmas and New Year’s? It’s just the most obnoxious, disgusting behavior.”

Brown is not optimistic the owners will follow through. “They’ve said things like this before over the years with a bunch of different things,” he said, “and then they find some reason not to do it.”

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Earlier this year, the Federal Emergency Management Agency denied requests from the city and the Bowl’s owners to include the park in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers cleanup program, which FEMA said was focused on residential lots, not commercial properties. In a letter, FEMA argued it could not trust the owners of the Bowl to preserve the beachfront property as affordable housing.

A tattered flag waves in the wind at Asilomar View Park overlooking the Pacific Palisades Bowl Mobile Estates.

(Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times)

The Bowl, which began as a Methodist camp in the 1890s, was purchased by Edward Biggs, a Northern California real estate mogul, in 2005 and split between his first and second wives after his death in 2021. The family has a history of failing to perform routine maintenance and seeking to redevelop the park into a more lucrative resort community.

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After FEMA’s rejection, the owners failed to meet the City of L.A.’s debris removal deadlines. In October, the city’s Board of Building and Safety Commissioners declared the park a public nuisance alongside seven other properties, giving the city the authority to complete the debris removal itself and charge the owners the bill.

But the city has yet to find funds to front the work, which is expected to cost millions.

On Dec. 10, City Councilmember Traci Park filed a motion that would order the city to come up with a cost estimate for debris removal and identify funding sources within the city. It would also instruct the city attorney’s office to explore using criminal prosecution to address the uncleared properties.

The Department of Building and Safety did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Despite the recent movement on debris removal, residents of the Palisades Bowl still have a long road ahead.

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Fire debris remains at Pacific Palisades Bowl Mobile Estates on Dec. 31, 2025.

On Wednesday, numerous burnt out vehicles still remained at the Pacific Palisades Bowl Mobile Estates. The owners instructed residents they must get them removed as quickly as possible.

(Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times)

In mobile home parks, tenants lease their spaces from the landowners but own the homes placed on the land. Before residents can start rebuilding, the Bowl’s owners need to replace or repair the foundations for the homes; fix any damage to the roads, utilities and retaining walls; and rebuild facilities like the community center and pool.

The owners have not responded to multiple requests for comment, but in February, Colby Biggs, Edward Biggs’ grandson, told CalMatters that “If we have to go invest $100 million to rebuild the park and we’re not able to recoup that in some fashion, then it’s not likely we will rebuild the park.”

Mobile home law experts and many residents doubt that the Biggs family would be able to convert the rent-controlled mobile home park into something else under existing law. The most realistic option, should the Biggs decide against rebuilding, would be to sell the park to another owner — or directly to the residents, a course of action the residents have been actively pursuing.

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The lack of communication and action from the owners has nonetheless left the Bowl’s eclectic former community of artists, teachers, surfers, first responders and retirees in limbo.

Many are running out of insurance money for temporary housing and remain unsure whether they’ll ever be able to move back.

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Video: Drones Detect Virus in Whale Blow in the Arctic

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Video: Drones Detect Virus in Whale Blow in the Arctic

new video loaded: Drones Detect Virus in Whale Blow in the Arctic

Scientists flew drones with petri dishes above several species of whales in northern seas to collect samples of whale blow, which they tested for four different viruses. For the first time in the Arctic, researchers found cetacean morbillivirus, a highly infectious and deadly virus for marine mammals.

By Jamie Leventhal and Alexa Robles-Gil

January 2, 2026

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