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Increasing pharmacy closures mean long drives for Vermont residents, mirroring a national trend – VTDigger

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Increasing pharmacy closures mean long drives for Vermont residents, mirroring a national trend – VTDigger


Lynne Vezina of the Vermont Family Pharmacy in Burlington on Dec. 30, 2021. File photo by Glenn Russell/VTDigger

Hardwick’s sole pharmacy — a Walgreens that had twice been hit by Vermont’s recent summer floods — closed for good at the end of September. Since then, residents have had to drive 25 minutes to access a pharmacy in Morrisville or 40 minutes to the closest Walgreens in Lyndon, leaving Hardwick squarely in a “pharmacy desert.”

Pharmacy deserts are generally defined as places where there is no or limited access to a pharmacy. In rural areas, this means the closest is over 10 miles away, while in urban areas, the closest is over one mile away.

Hardwick is hardly the only pharmacy desert in the state. According to a recent analysis of pharmacy locations across the country, 41 of Vermont’s 193 census tracts (21%) had low access to a pharmacy in 2022. The analysis, published by the academic journal Health Affairs Scholar, defined low access as at least one-third of the tract’s population living within a pharmacy desert. Between closures of independent pharmacies and national chains continuing to scale back back “less profitable” operations, the number of pharmacy deserts is only increasing.

Mike Fisher, Vermont’s chief health care advocate, said that pharmacy closures across the state are an ongoing and “very serious” trend.

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“I live in Addison County,” he said. “When the local Marble Works Pharmacy closed, I remember just how upsetting and difficult that was for so many people.”

According to the state’s Board of Pharmacy, 28 Vermont pharmacies have closed permanently over the past five years, leaving 126 currently operating in the state. A nationwide study has linked such closures to a decline in older Americans taking their prescription cardiovascular medications.

Often, Fisher said, there’s another pharmacy in town, as in Middlebury. But in a growing number of towns, there isn’t.

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Brattleboro’s Hotel Pharmacy has operated out of the town’s former Methodist church since 1993. Photo by Kevin O’Connor/VTDigger

According to a study published this month in the journal Health Affairs, more pharmacies closed than opened between 2018 and 2021 both nationally and in Vermont, with independent pharmacies and those located in Black and Latinx communities a higher risk for closure.

Options for those living in a pharmacy desert do exist. In Hardwick, area residents can utilize mail-order pharmacies for their prescriptions and Kinney Drugs offers weekly deliveries. However, Fisher notes, pharmacies don’t solely dispense medications, but also vaccines and advice.

“The pharmacist at the local pharmacy counter is an accessible, front-line healthcare professional that many people depend on,” he said. “You lose something really important when you lose your community pharmacist.”

Marty Irons, a full-time Vermont pharmacist for almost two decades and a member of the Vermont Pharmacists Association’s board, said in an email that the organization is very aware of pharmacy closures and expects them to continue to impact Vermont.

Pharmacists largely attribute closures to pharmacy benefit managers: companies that act as intermediaries between drug manufacturers and insurance companies. In Vermont, two pharmacy benefit managers — CVS Caremark and Express Scripts — account for 95% of Vermont’s drug market for commercial health insurance plans, according to the state Attorney General’s Office.

Pharmacy benefit managers, often abbreviated as PBMs, are known to under-reimburse pharmacies for the costs of filling prescriptions. According to Irons, this loss of income often requires pharmacies to pull back on services — such as the number of hours they’re open — and, in some cases, close.

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“Negative, or below cost, reimbursement is no longer the exception,” Mike Duteau, president of the Vermont Association of Chain Drug Stores, said in an email. “The growing impact is so substantial that pharmacies are closing in larger numbers and more quickly.”

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In addition, Irons and Duteau point to staffing challenges only exacerbated by the closure of Vermont’s only pharmacy school three years ago.

The Legislature passed a bill this year to regulate PBMs, the system for which is currently being set up at the Department of Financial Regulation, Fisher said. The bill requires PBMs to obtain a license from the department, strengthens its oversight and bans some of the companies’ practices.

In addition, Vermont Attorney General Charity Clark announced a lawsuit against PBMs earlier this year, alleging that the state’s two major PBMs skim money from drug transactions. However, it is unclear how — and how soon — these two state efforts might improve the situation for pharmacies and their customers.

“Our Vermont pharmacy infrastructure is so fragile,” said Irons. “Most people assume it will always be there; I hope so!”

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Vermont-based fighter wing deploying to Caribbean amid tensions with Venezuela, US senator says – The Boston Globe

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Vermont-based fighter wing deploying to Caribbean amid tensions with Venezuela, US senator says – The Boston Globe


U.S. Sen. Peter Welch on Friday said the Pentagon had ordered the deployment of the Vermont Air National Guard’s 158th Fighter Wing to the Caribbean amid heightened tensions with Venezuela.

According to Welch, the deployment is part of Operation Southern Spear, which has been targeting drug trafficking in the region as President Donald Trump’s administration has sought the ouster of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro.

A Pentagon spokesperson on Friday referred questions to the Vermont Guard.

The 158th Fighter Wing, based in South Burlington, includes 20 F-35A Lightning II fighter jets and approximately 1,000 personnel.

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Joseph Brooks, a spokesperson for the Vermont Guard, told the Globe earlier this week that the unit had been ordered by the Department of Defense to mobilize, but he would not disclose the location or details of the deployment.

Brooks declined to comment further Friday night.

In a written statement, Welch thanked Vermont Guard members for their service but criticized the Trump administration for deploying them.

“I strongly oppose President Trump’s mobilization of the Vermont Air National Guard alongside thousands of other U.S. military units in what appears to be a relentless march to war,” Welch said. “An undeclared war against the Venezuelan regime would be illegal under our Constitution. If this president — or any president — wants to start a war with Venezuela, which has not attacked us and is not a source of the fentanyl that is killing Americans, then he needs to seek authorization from Congress, as the authors of the Constitution intended.”

Details of the deployment remained unclear Friday, though Seven Days, a Burlington newspaper, reported that the unit would be stationed at a recently reopened military base in Puerto Rico. The newspaper said some Vermont Guard members had already headed there to prepare for the deployment.

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This story has been updated.





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Somali flag flown outside Vermont school building brings threats

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Somali flag flown outside Vermont school building brings threats


WINOOSKI, Vt. — A small school district in Vermont was hit with racist and threatening calls and messages after a Somali flag was put up a week ago in response to President Donald Trump referring to Minnesota’s Somali community as “ garbage.”

The Winooski School District began to display the flag Dec. 5 to show solidarity with a student body that includes about 9% people of Somali descent.

“We invited our students and community to come together for a little moment of normalcy in a sea of racist rhetoric nationally,” said Winooski School District Superintendent Wilmer Chavarria, himself a Nicaraguan immigrant. “We felt really good about it until the ugliness came knocking Monday morning.”

The Somali flag was flown alongside the Vermont state flag and beneath the United States flag at a building that includes K-12 classrooms and administrative offices. Somali students cheered and clapped, telling administrators the flag flying meant a great deal to them, he said.

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What ensued was a deluge of phone calls, voicemails and social media posts aimed at district workers and students. Some school phone lines were shut down — along with the district website — as a way to shield staff from harassment. Chavarria said videos of the event did not also show the U.S. and Vermont flags were still up and spread through right-wing social media apps, leaving out the important context.

“Our staff members, our administrators and our community are overwhelmed right now, and they are being viciously attacked. The content of those attacks is extremely, extremely deplorable. I don’t know what other word to use,” Chavarria said Tuesday.

Mukhtar Abdullahi, an immigrant who serves as a multilingual liaison for families in the district who speak Somali and a related dialect, said “no one, no human being, regardless of where they come from, is garbage.” Students have asked if their immigrant parents are safe, he said.

“Regardless of what happens, I know we have a strong community,” Abdullahi said. “And I’m very, very, very thankful to be part of it.”

The district is helping law enforcement investigate the continued threats, Chavarria said, and additional police officers have been stationed at school buildings as a precaution. Winooski is near Burlington, about 93 miles (150 kilometers) south of Montreal, Canada.

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White House spokesperson Abigail Jackson called the calls and messages the school received “the actions of individuals who have nothing to do with” Trump.

“Aliens who come to our country, complain about how much they hate America, fail to contribute to our economy, and refuse to assimilate into our society should not be here,” Jackson said in an email late Thursday. “And American schools should fly American flags.”

Federal authorities last week began an immigration enforcement operation in Minnesota to focus on Somali immigrants living unlawfully in the U.S. Trump has claimed “they contribute nothing ” and said “I don’t want them in our country.” The Minneapolis mayor has defended the newcomers, saying they have started businesses, created jobs and added to the city’s cultural fabric. Most are U.S. citizens and more than half of all Somali people in Minnesota were born in the U.S.

At the school district in Vermont, Chavarria said his position as superintendent gave him authority to fly the flag for up to a week without the school board’s explicit approval.

The school district also held an event with catered Somali food, and Chavarria plans to continue to find ways to celebrate its diversity.

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“I felt sorrow for the students, the families, the little kids that are my responsibility to keep safe. And it’s my responsibility to make them feel like they belong and that this is their country and this is their school district. This is what we do,” he said.

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Scolforo reported from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.



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WCAX Investigates: Police participation in border program draws scrutiny

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WCAX Investigates: Police participation in border program draws scrutiny


BURLINGTON, Vt. (WCAX) – Vermont police officers are working overtime shifts along the Canadian border under a federal program that critics say could violate the state’s anti-bias policing laws.

“Up here, we’re so small we rely on our partner agencies,” said Swanton Village Police Chief Matthew Sullivan.

On a recent frosty Friday, Sullivan was patrolling along the Canadian border as part of Homeland Security’s Operation Stonegarden. The chief and other local officers work overtime shifts for the U.S. Border Patrol.

“It acts as a force multiplier because we’re able to put more officers out in these rural areas in Vermont,” Sullivan said.

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During an exclusive ride-along, Sullivan showed us a field where, as recently as last fall, migrants were smuggled across the border. “These people are really being taken advantage of,” he said.

From 2022 to 2023, U.S. Border Patrol encountered just shy of 7,000 people entering the country illegally in the region, more than the previous 11 years combined.

In several instances, police say cars have tried to crash through a gate in Swanton along the border. Others enter from Canada on foot and get picked up by cars with out-of-state plates.

The chief says the illegal crossings strike fear among local parents. “They didn’t feel safe allowing their kids outside to play, which is extremely unfortunate,” Sullivan said.

Through Operation Stonegarden — which was created in the wake of 9/11 — Sullivan and his officers get overtime pay from the feds. “We’re kind of another set of eyes and ears for border patrol,” Sullivan said. His department also gets equipment and training.

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Six agencies in Vermont participate in Stonegarden: The Vermont State Police, Chittenden County Sheriff’s Department, Essex County Sheriff’s Department, Orleans County Sheriff’s Department, Newport City Police Department, and the Swanton Village Police Department. Some three dozen across New England participate in Stonegarden. These agencies collect relatively small amounts from the feds — $760,000 in Vermont, $190,000 in New Hampshire, and $1 million in Maine.

But amid the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown, Stonegarden is under scrutiny.

“This has become quite relevant to a lot of people once again,” said Paul Heintz, a longtime Vermont journalist who now writes for the Boston Globe. “These three states have dramatically different policies when it comes to local law enforcement working with federal law enforcement.”

Vermont has some of the strictest rules about police assisting federal immigration officials. The Fair and Impartial Policing Policy limits cooperation with the feds and says immigration status, language, and proximity to the border cannot be the basis of an investigation.

“Vermonters have made clear through their elected representatives that they want state and local law enforcement to be focusing on state and local issues,” said Lia Ernst with the ACLU of Vermont. She says Stonegarden is crossing the line. “They don’t want their police to be a cog in the mass deportation machinery of any administration but particularly the Trump administration,” Ernst said.

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The ACLU and other critics are concerned that Stonegarden creates a cozy relationship between local police and immigration officials that can be used to enforce the president’s immigration crackdown.

Heintz says the distinction between civil and criminal immigration enforcement can be fluid. In most civil cases in which the feds seek to deport, Vermont law enforcement can’t play a role because it’s against the law. In criminal cases, which local police can enforce, immigrants can be detained and charged.

“An operation may start out appearing to focus on a federal criminal immigration issue and may turn into a civil one over the course of that investigation,” Heintz said.

“There is a lot of nuance to it,” admitted Sullivan. He insists his department is not the long arm of federal law enforcement and is instead focused on crime, including guns, drugs, and human trafficking. However, if someone is caught in the act of crossing the border illegally, that constitutes a crime, and the chief said he calls for federal backup. Though he said that rarely happens.

“It’s a criminal violation to cross the border outside of a port of entry, and technically, we could take action on that. But again, we’re not here to enforce civil immigration while working Stonegarden,” Sullivan said.

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