Between the banks of the Providence River and Dyer Street a memorial honors the nine men who died on Oct. 23, 1983, when a Marine barracks in Beirut, Lebanon was bombed.
Dedicated in 2020, the edifice on Providence’s downtown waterfront incorporates the Marines’ faces. Etched into glass, they are illuminated by both sunlight and electric light.
Recently, a What and Why RI reader asked “Who are the Rhode Island Nine?” after walking by the monument.
Based on material from the Providence Journal archives, here’s a look at the group of men that would become known as the Rhode Island Nine.
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Sergeant Timothy Giblin
Giblin, 20, of North Providence, had served in Lebanon with his brother Donald Giblin, who did not live in the same barracks and was not injured in the bombing.
The two of them were known as the “Beirut Brothers.” Giblin’s return in a casket accompanied by his surviving brother drew national media attention.
Giblin was one of 11 children raised by his mother, Jeanne Giblin.
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He had an administrative role in the barracks. He was married and he had a daughter, Tiffany, who would grow up to have three children of her own.
Both his widow, Valerie, and his brother William Giblin, remain dedicated to preserving not only his legacy but the memory of the eight other Marines who were killed in Beirut.
Cpl. Rick R. Crudale
Crudale, 21, of West Warwick, was a graduate of Coventry High School. He had certifications in welding and auto-body work from the West Bay Vocational Technical School. He had married his high school sweetheart.
About two weeks before the bombing, a portrait of just Crudale was published on the cover of Time Magazine. He stood among sandbags near a Jeep with a vista of Lebanese buildings in the distance.
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The headline above the picture was “Holding the Line.”
Crudale’s family bought every copy of the magazine they could find.
It was a lot of prominence for Crudale. His wife, Heidi, would later say that her husband was a private person.
Cpl. Edward S. Iacovino Jr.
Iacovino, 20, of Warwick, had found a rhythm in the Marines after dropping out of Pilgrim High School during his senior year and later earned his high school diploma while in the military.
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Iacovino’s first tour of duty was nearly over but he had just reenlisted due to a discouraging job market.
“In his last letter, he said he’d try staying another year and maybe things would get better,” his mother Elizabeth Iacovino told a reporter as she and her husband awaited official word on their son’s death.
Pfc. Thomas A. Julian
Julian, 22, was a 1979 graduate of Portsmouth High School.
His funeral was held at St. Mary’s Church. He had been a regular there growing up and the pastor recalled that “he always had big bright eyes.”
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He had been in the Marines for about a year and was due home the following month. His parents had been planning a big Christmas reunion.
Julian had opted for the Marine Corps as a way of doing “something with his life” after he had some difficulty finding a good job after high school, his mother said.
Julian was a Life Scout in the Boy Scouts. He had also mowed the lawn on the property of the Portsmouth Historical Society, which later became the home of the Portsmouth Beirut Marine Memorial, which honors Julian and members of the Rhode Island Nine.
Cpl. David C. Massa
Massa had tried to quit Warren High School before he graduated in 1981. At the time, the 16-year-old felt he needed to help support his family. He had eight siblings.
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A guidance counselor, Marie Boyle, later told a Journal reporter that she had found Massa a job at a textile mill and arranged his classes so he could study mornings and work afternoons. He graduated with good grades and joined the Marines with plans to go to college after his enlistment.
For most of the deployment in Lebanon, he had seemed in good spirits, according to his sister, Anna Cruz, who spoke to a reporter after his death.
However, her brother’s most recent letter lacked the same upbeat tone, she said, adding that he had conveyed that a lot of things were going on in Beirut that he could not write home about.
He urged her not to worry about it and declared he could take care of himself.
Cpl. Thomas A. Shipp
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Shipp, 27, of Woonsocket, was the oldest and most experienced of the young men killed in the bombing.
He was a Coast Guard veteran. In June 1977, Shipp and other guardsmen were treated for minor injuries after they tried to help the crew of a burning sailboat.
After six years in the Coast Guard, Shipp drove trucks for a year. Then, he decided to enlist in the Marines.
Cpl. James F. Silvia
Silvia, 20, was a 1981 graduate of Middletown High School.
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He was also a cook in the military.
He planned to enter culinary arts school after his discharge.
His death was a double blow for his sister, Lynne.
The bombing took her brother’s life and it also killed her husband, Cpl. Stephen E. Spencer,
Cpl. Edward Soares Jr.
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Soares, 21, of Tiverton, participated in a reserve officers’ corps program in high school.
The 1981 Tiverton High School graduate served as a cook, working in the barracks.
He had planned to propose at Christmastime and to marry the following year.
His girlfriend had attended a Tiverton High School football game as she and Soares’ family waited for confirmation that the missing corporal had died in the bombing.
At the game, spectators observed two minutes of silence for him.
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Cpl. Stephen E. Spencer
Spencer, 23, of Portsmouth, was a native of Pensacola, Florida.
His official residence had been in Portsmouth since he had married Lynne Silvia. She was the sister of James Silvia – a comrade in arms – and in death.
Silvia had introduced him to her.
The wedding took place the day before the two Marines shipped out for Lebanon as brothers.
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Months later, his wife waited sleeplessly, over a period of days, for word about Spencer’s death.
She wore her husband’s dog tags and a T-shirt he had sent her. It was emblazoned with the word “Lebanon” – written in both English and Arabic.
Four Rhode Island hospitals — Newport, Miriam, South County and Westerly — received top marks in the fall report from Leapfrog Group, a nonprofit that grades hospitals on safety.
The Washington, D.C.-based Leapfrog assigns hospitals letter grades based on data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as well as Leapfrog’s own surveys. Rhode Island’s hospitals didn’t perform much differently than they did in spring 2024 (The Miriam and Newport have consistently earned A’s the past two years), with two notable exceptions. Westerly’s A is its first since 2022. Landmark Medical Center in Woonsocket, which has received nine consecutive A grades, dropped to a B.
Kent Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital also received B grades. The embattled Our Lady of Fatima Hospital and Roger Williams Medical Center both earned C grades.
South County Hospital’s good report card was a boon to Dr. Kevin Charpentier, the vice president and chief medical officer at South County Health, the hospital’s parent company.
“It’s more than a score — it’s a promise to our community of prioritizing the highest level of patient care,” Charpentier wrote in an email.
The score was also a bit of good news amid an ongoing dispute between the hospital’s administration and its staff. A September letter sent by doctors and nurses to the South County Health’s board of trustees detailed escalating tensions between providers and management, with doctor resignations, service cuts and growing patient backlogs among the signatories’ concerns.
Landmark’s B left its CEO Mike Souza disappointed.
“We take quality very seriously and our team has already put plans in place to address the areas needing improvement,” Souza said in an emailed response to Rhode Island Current. “Our community will continue to receive great care and our expectation is that we will return to an ‘A’ grade in the near future.”
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Leapfrog aggregates 30 metrics to assess how well hospitals care for patients as well as prevent bad outcomes, like infections and falls. The grades are given to roughly 3,000 hospitals, not including VA hospitals or children’s hospitals. Hospitals that lack enough data for multiple metrics are also excluded.
Lisa P. Tomasso, senior vice president of the Hospital Association of Rhode Island, said via email that the trade group was pleased with the state’s performance. But she added that the grades, while insightful, are “not comprehensive, as they exclude factors like social determinants of health, community-level health challenges, and systemic issues like Medicaid reimbursement rates.”
But grades still hold value. Robert Hackey, a professor of health sciences at Providence College, said that “hospitals that don’t do well tend to poke holes in whatever rating methodology that’s used.”
“If you look at the hospitals in Rhode Island, for the most part, we’re performing very well,” Hackey said. “Yeah, we obviously have two low performers. It’s Fatima and Roger Williams. And there’s a common thread there. They’re both owned by Prospect and they’re both for-profit institutions, yeah. And they both struggle.”
A representative for CharterCARE Health Partners, the Rhode Island subsidiary for Prospect Medical Holdings, which owns Roger Williams Medical Center and Our Lady of Fatima Hospital, did not respond to requests for comment. Facing growing debt, Prospect has sought to unload many of the hospitals in its portfolio, including the two safety net hospitals in Rhode Island. A proposal to sell Roger Williams and Fatima to a new, nonprofit owner, received conditional approval from state regulators in June, but the status of financing required to complete the transaction is unclear.
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Hackey said it’s a bad sign when hospitals ignore questions on Leapfrog’s survey — something both Fatima and Roger Williams Medical Center did when it came to inquiries about nursing and leadership. Our Lady of Fatima Hospital’s ‘C’ grade is indicative of ongoing quality issues at Prospect Medical Holdings’ hospitals in Rhode Island, says Providence College Professor Robert Hackey. (Michael Salerno/Rhode Island Current)
Meanwhile hospitals owned by the state’s largest health care system — Brown University Health, formerly Lifespan Corporation — all performed well. Rhode Island Hospital, the state’s flagship hospital, received a B grade despite demonstrating below-average prevention rates of blood and urinary tract infections and falls causing broken hips, as well as less-than-stellar marks for hospital leadership and communication about medicines with patients.
Since 2021, Rhode Island Hospital has received C grades more often than not. The B is evidence that things are improving, said Dr. Dean Roye, senior vice president for medical affairs and chief medical officer at the hospital. The Leapfrog grades “help us pinpoint areas” to work on, Roye said. He added that a reorganization of quality and safety departments across Brown Health’s properties was another factor in Rhode Island Hospital’s improved grade.
But Hackey is eyeing another Brown property, the A-graded Miriam, for a surgery he has scheduled for December. He explained with a laugh that checking the Leapfrog ratings was one of the first things he did when deciding where to have his surgery.
“The goal of this is to have a more educated healthcare consumer,” he said.
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Above average results
Leapfrog uses the percentage of A grade hospitals in a state to determine a state’s national ranking. Almost 61% of Utah’s hospitals received A grades, giving it the top slot nationwide. The top 10 states all sported at least 40% A grade hospitals.
An A grade indicates hospitals that prioritize safety, said Alex Campione, program analyst for the Leapfrog Group, who noted that about 32% of hospitals nationwide achieved this grade. Rhode Island was over the national average with 44% of its hospitals receiving an A grade.
“Each year more than 250,000 people will die in hospitals due to preventable errors, injuries, accidents, and infections,” Campione said. “We estimate that, at the very least, 50,000 of those lives could be saved if all hospitals performed like A hospitals.”
Rhode Island placed fourth nationwide in Leapfrog’s spring 2024 scores, also with 44% at an A grade, but it was pushed out of the top five this time around by three states that rose with higher grades: California, North Carolina and Connecticut. Connecticut was the only other New England state to crack the top 10. Vermont fared worst of all, and was ranked 48th nationwide, tying for last place with North Dakota, South Dakota and Iowa. There was not a single A grade hospital in any of these states.
Grading the graders
But a bad report card might not be the final word on a hospital’s quality. A 2019 article in New England Journal of Medicine Catalyst graded the graders, and gave Leapfrog a C-, the second lowest of the four systems reviewed. The study noted that Leapfrog had a detailed framework for measurement, with a unique focus on the hospitals’ “culture of safety.” But it also relied on its proprietary survey for a good chunk of its data — a problem, the authors thought, since Leapfrog grades hospitals the same regardless of whether they complete the survey.
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Dr. Karl Bilimoria of the Indiana University School of Medicine, who chairs the school’s surgery department and leads its Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, led the 2019 study. He wrote in an email Tuesday to Rhode Island Current that Leapfrog’s efforts still leave something to be desired.
“Leapfrog has many issues with their methodology and their general approach that persist and they have been the least receptive to improvement suggestions and the least adaptive to changes in the science of quality measurement,” Bilimoria wrote.
Asked about Bilimoria’s idea that Leapfrog is not responsive to suggestions, spokesperson Lula Hailesilassie said by email that the public is regularly invited to submit feedback on proposed changes to its surveys. Comments on the 2025 survey are open through Dec. 13, 2024.
PROVIDENCE — The application period for Rhode Island’s charter schools opened this week, giving families a shot at roughly 3,000 seats projected to be available at charter schools next year.
A blind lottery for available seats will be held on April 1. Charter schools are in high demand in Rhode Island, with roughly 11,000 families submitting 30,000 applications for 2,500 seats lasts year. (Families can apply for more than one school.)
There are about 13,000 Rhode Island public school students currently enrolled in 25 charters, some of which are larger networks with multiple schools.
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Despite the demand, teachers unions and other public school advocates have sought to block the expansion of charter schools, concerned they are financially hurting the traditional public school system. School funding follows each child from their home school district to the charter school.
In this week’s episode of the Rhode Island Report, Chiara Deltito-Sharrott from the Rhode Island League of Charter Schools talks about the future of charter schools in Rhode Island, and provides a rebuttal to comments made by Maribeth Calabro, the head of Rhode Island’s largest teachers union, in an episode earlier this month.
Steph Machado can be reached at steph.machado@globe.com. Follow her @StephMachado.
United Way of Rhode Island accepts initial donations from the Fund’s sponsoring energy companies. (courtesy: United Way of Rhode Island)
PROVIDENCE, R.I. (WLNE) — United Way of Rhode Island announced the Rhode Island Good Neighbor Energy Fund has begun for the 2024 through 2025 season.
The fund helps families that need assistance paying their home heating bills but are not eligible for federal or state assistance.
Since it was founded, the Good Neighbor Energy Fund has aided over 48,250 Rhode Island homes.
United RI says any local households in the state that are in need of funding assistance for energy are encouraged to contact a local Community Action Program agency, or to call the 211 helpline for help locating a CAP agency.
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GNEF eligibility is determined on total income not exceeding 300% of the federal poverty level, and provides up to $825 per household each heating season depending on eligibility, fuel type, and need.
United RI said in addition to sponsors, the fund relies on Rhode Islanders who donate through the “Warm Thy Neighbor” campaign.
Donations can be made through the yellow donation envelope enclosed with monthly energy bills, or by scanning the QR code on the envelope.
Additionally, donations can be given through phone by texting “WARM” to 91999.
For more information, visit United Way of Rhode Island’s website here.
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