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Penn State experts weigh in on the threat posed by box tree moths

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Penn State experts weigh in on the threat posed by box tree moths


Identifying box tree moths

Most adult box tree moths are primarily white, with a border of brown along the edges of their wings. Around 5% are completely brown. Skvarla says they bear a slight resemblance to melonworm moths, which are native to North America, but are otherwise distinctive for our area.

By the time you’re noticing moths, however, the damage may already be done.

“The caterpillar stage is the most damaging stage,” Skvarla said. “It’s the almost mature caterpillars that are doing the majority of feeding. It can kill boxwoods quickly. There are some reports that boxwoods will die within a year of heavy feeding. Part of the problem is the caterpillars, especially in heavy infestations, will strip all of the leaves off of the boxwood. Once they strip the leaves, if they’re still hungry, they’ll start chewing on the bark.”

Boxwoods may be able to recover from damage to their leaves, but once the caterpillars start stripping the bark, entire branches can die off — which can mean death for the plants.

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“Even if they do recover, the shape of the bush is often lost,” Skvarla said. “So there goes the aesthetic value of having them in ornamental planting.”

The caterpillars are lime green with yellow, white and black stripes running along each side.

But the easiest way to identify them, Skvarla says, may be simply to keep an eye on your boxwoods.

“There are no other caterpillar pests on boxwood in North America,” Skvarla said. “So if you find a caterpillar on boxwoods, it’s a pretty good guess that it’s going to be a box tree moth.”

Dealing with box tree moths

Unlike with spotted lanternflies, Skvarla doesn’t recommend stomping any and all caterpillars or moths that you think might be box trees.

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“Most times, private homeowners are going to be aware of infestations because of the damage they see to their boxwoods, not because of the moths that they’re seeing flying around,” he said. “So if your boxwood is really damaged, that’s the time to start going, ‘Well, maybe this is a box tree moth. I should look further, look for caterpillars, maybe look for moths.’”

The first step for anyone who suspects they might have an infestation is to monitor their boxwoods, says Patricia Prade, an entomologist with Penn State Extension who specializes in controlling pests and invasive species.

“You need to know if you have this insect,” Prade said. “So you need to constantly check if you see any larvae.”

One way to confirm whether or not you have an infestation is to purchase pheromone traps geared specifically toward box tree moths.

Prade says there are a few options for curbing box tree moths. Her first suggestion is to simply pluck them off, or trim away the infested areas.

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“If you’re a homeowner, for example, and you see some caterpillars, you can handpick them and kill them easily,” she said. “It can be challenging if you have a lot of plants infested, but if you have just a couple, you can cut a branch or something like that. That’s very targeted, right? It’s a very good way to control them fast and not to just spray chemicals on the environment.”

Because box tree moths are so new, Prade says, studies are still being done to find out what chemicals are most effective against them while being the least damaging to other life. In the meantime, she says, homeowners can seek out pesticides targeted toward caterpillars, which are likely to kill box tree moths.



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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania’s Fracking Industry Plans To Continue, Whoever Wins White House

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Pennsylvania’s Fracking Industry Plans To Continue, Whoever Wins White House


Pennsylvanians working in the controversial fracking industry are confident that the sector will endure, whoever wins the White House in November’s presidential election.

With an eye firmly on winning over voters in the gas-rich battleground state, both Republican candidate Donald Trump and his Democratic opponent Kamala Harris are vowing to support the hydraulic fracturing industry.

But Trump’s consistently strong support for the practice – and Harris’s past opposition to it – have led some voters in the largely rural Republican county of Washington to conclude that the former president would be better.

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Once a Democratic stronghold with a strong union presence, Washington County has voted Republican in every presidential election since 2008


Rebecca DROKE

“I absolutely adore Trump, but I think he’s very contentious,” said Jennifer McIntyre, a 47-year-old sales and operations representative for Keystone Clearwater Solutions, which provides water transfer services for the fracking industry.

McIntyre, who is active in the local Washington County Republican party, told AFP she thinks the former president is “incredibly pro-oil and gas,” and that Democrats at both the state and national level have put up regulations that make it harder for the industry to succeed.

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“I think that sometimes those regulations are not necessarily appropriate,” said McIntyre, 47, in an interview at the company’s offices in the suburban business park of Southpointe, where many fracking businesses are located.

Diversified Energy employees stand by natural gas well in Franklin Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania


Rebecca DROKE

Pennsylvania’s embrace of new fracking and drilling techniques in the first decade of the 21st century kicked off a boom in natural gas extraction which has pushed the state’s annual production higher than Canada or Qatar.

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There are currently more than 2,000 active so-called “unconventional” gas wells in Washington County, and close to 13,000 across the state, according to data from Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection.

At Diversified Energy’s site in South Franklin Township in southwestern Pennsylvania, seven 10-year-old wells hum quietly as they extract natural gas from the Marcellus Shale thousands of feet below.

The gas is first cleaned, and then sold into a nearby pipeline, generating profits for Diversified, royalties for landowners, and revenues for state and local government.

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Jason John Mounts, Diversified Energy’s director of operations in southern Pennsylvania, discusses the process of extracting natural gas on a deep well site in Franklin Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania


Rebecca DROKE

Together, these seven wells produce more than four million cubic feet of gas per day, on average, (approximately 113,000 cubic meters), Jason John Mounts, the company’s director of operations in southern Pennsylvania, told AFP during a tour of the site.

Asked whom he supports in the 2024 presidential election, the 40-year-old, who grew up nearby, said he backs “whoever is going to be driving our business.”

“At the end, it’ll take care of itself,” he said. “Every four years, it always takes care of itself.”

Unlike some of the largest players in the fracking sector, Diversified Energy does not do the actual fracking – an expensive and dangerous process in which water, sand, and chemicals are pumped thousands of feet underground at high pressure to create fractures in the bedrock and release the gas trapped inside.

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Instead, it buys operating wells from other companies once they are up and running, and then fine-tunes them to increase production.

A truck from another well site drives by a Diversified Energy natural gas well site in Franklin Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania


Rebecca DROKE

Diversified expects its existing portfolio of wells across the United States to continue producing gas for the next 50 to 75 years on average, according to the company’s vice president of investor relations, Douglas Kris.

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“This is going to be part of our economy here for as long as we need it,” he told AFP.

Scientists, environmentalists, and public health experts around the world have called for fracking to be banned, citing the health and climate impacts of the fracking phase of the extraction process, and the long-term environmental damage caused by the continued burning of fossil fuels.

In response to these concerns, governments across Europe – including France and Germany – have either banned or suspended the process, as have several provinces of Canada, and US states that include New York.

But in Pennsylvania, support for fracking has grown over the past decade, with 48 percent in favor and 44 percent opposed, according to a 2022 poll from the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion. When asked if fracking was good for the economy, 86 percent said yes.

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A coal barge is seen along the Monongahela River in Monongahela, Washington County


Rebecca DROKE

Across the state, where coal was once the dominant source of energy, fracking supported more than 120,000 jobs in 2022, paying an average of around $97,000, according to a study commissioned by the Marcellus Shale Coalition (MCS), an industry trade group.

“Those jobs are across the spectrum,” MCS president David Callahan told AFP in an interview. “Many blue collar jobs. But many white collar jobs as well.”



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Harris focuses on Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania in an effort to shore up her support

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Harris focuses on Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania in an effort to shore up her support


WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) — Vice President Kamala Harris has upcoming events scheduled in Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin as her campaign focuses spending on the “blue wall” states with the Nov. 5 election nearing.

On Tuesday, Harris will sit for an interview with the National Association of Black Journalists in Philadelphia. Two days later, she is joining Oprah Winfrey in Michigan at her “Unite for America” livestream event with 140 different grassroots organizations. Harris’ visit to Wisconsin on Friday will be her fourth since she launched her White House run in July.

Harris’ campaign has a large operation in the states with hundreds of staff and on-the-ground outreach efforts. Supporters in Wisconsin have knocked on more than 500,000 doors and that since last week’s debate with Trump, the campaign has signed up more than 3,000 new volunteers.

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Overall, Harris’ team is on pace to outspend Republican Donald Trump’s campaign 2-to-1 in television advertising over the next two months. Even before Democratic President Joe Biden ended his reelection campaign and made way for Harris, the Democrats wielded superior campaign infrastructure in battleground states.

Harris’ team, which includes her campaign and an allied super political action committee, has more than $280 million in television and radio reservations for the period between Tuesday and Election Day, according to the media tracking firm AdImpact. Trump’s team has $133 million reserved for the final stretch, although that number is expected to grow.



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When did character stop mattering to Pennsylvania voters? | PennLive letters

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When did character stop mattering to Pennsylvania voters? | PennLive letters


Pennsylvania has been fertile ground for sleaze on both sides of the political aisle: Abscam, Bonusgate, Kids for Cash, et al. But those past embarrassments are nothing compared to the potential disaster on the horizon.

Here’s why: The villains in those past scandals weren’t voted into office by an already alerted electorate. Those voters could not have anticipated the level of greed and depravity that would follow. Today, millions in this commonwealth fully intend to vote for Donald Trump, a man whose total moral rot is no longer debated by serious people.

This begs the question, when did character stop mattering?



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