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Scarinci: Chevron Doctrine is Running on Empty – New Jersey Globe

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Scarinci: Chevron Doctrine is Running on Empty – New Jersey Globe


The Supreme Court is poised to dramatically shake up how courts decide legal challenges involving federal regulations. The Court recently heard oral arguments in two cases that ask the justices to abolish (or at least significantly alter) the so-called Chevron doctrine, which has served as a bedrock principle of administrative law for nearly four decades.

Why the Chevron Doctrine Matters

The term “Chevron Doctrine” refers to the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council, which held that courts must defer to a federal agency’s reasonable interpretation of an ambiguous statute that the agency is charged with administering, even if they are inclined to rule another way.  Chevron analysis typically involves a two-step process.

In step one, courts examine “whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise question at issue.” If so, “that is the end of the matter,” and courts must enforce the “unambiguously expressed intent of Congress.” Where there is statutory silence or ambiguity, however, step two requires courts to defer to a reasonable agency interpretation of the statutory text, even if the court would have otherwise reached a contrary conclusion.

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Courts have relied on Chevron in holding up regulations related to the environment, financial markets, healthcare, and countless other issues. The rationale behind the doctrine is that Congress can’t possibly address every possible legal situation when drafting statutes, and federal agencies have the legal and technical expertise required to fill in the details. Proponents of Chevron also maintain that it prevents judges from substituting their personal policy preferences for agency interpretations.

While Chevron is one of the most cited cases by federal courts in administrative law disputes, it has steadily gained critics, including members of Congress, legal scholars, and Supreme Court justices. One of the most frequent criticisms is that the Chevron doctrine allows agencies to formulate policy under the guise of interpreting statutory ambiguities.

What Oral Arguments Revealed About the Fate of Chevron

The two cases before the Supreme Court, Relentless, Inc. v. Department of Commerce and Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, involve a rule issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service requiring fishing vessels to pay for the costs of observers who monitor compliance with fishery management plans. In both cases, the federal appeals court cited Chevron in holding that the rule is a permissible exercise of the agency’s authority.

In appealing to the Supreme Court, the challengers expressly asked the Court to revisit Chevron. The specific question before the justices is “[w]hether the court should overrule Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council, or at least clarify that statutory silence concerning controversial powers expressly but narrowly granted elsewhere in the statute does not constitute an ambiguity requiring deference to the agency.”

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During oral arguments, several of the Court’s conservative justices appeared skeptical of the Chevron Doctrine, which is not surprising given that Justice Clarence Thomas and Neil Gorsuch had already suggested that it should be overruled in prior decisions. This time around, they raised serious questions about the doctrine’s future, with Justice Gorsuch raising concerns that “Chevron is exploited against the individual and in favor of the government.” They were joined by Justices Samuel Alito and Brett Kavanaugh, who stated: “Chevron itself ushers in shocks to the system every four or eight years when a new administration comes in, whether it’s communications law or securities law or competition law or environmental law. It’s just a massive change that is at war with reliance.”

Not all of the justices appeared ready to completely end Chevron deference, with all members of the Court’s liberal minority expressing support for the doctrine. They specifically raised concerns that ending Chevron deference would require federal judges to make policy determinations on issues that they know little about.

Justice Elena Kagan used AI legislation as a hypothetical. “Congress knows that there are going to be gaps because Congress can hardly see a week in the future with respect to this subject, let alone a year or a decade,” Kagan said. She noted that Congress would arguably want those “who actually know about AI and are accountable to the political process to make decisions.” Meanwhile, courts don’t “even know what the questions are about AI, let alone the answers,” she continued.

Both Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett were harder to read than their conservative colleagues, with Justice Barrett particularly concerned about the potential upheaval that could result from overruling the long-standing precedent. Justice Kagan raised similar concerns and specifically asked how the Court might “clarify and articulate the limits of Chevron deference without taking the drastic step of upending decades of settled precedent.”

What’s Next?

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While oral arguments can reveal a lot about how a justice is inclined to rule, nothing is set in stone until the Court reaches a final decision. If a majority of justices don’t want to abolish Chevron in its entirely, it may survive in a weakened form.

In either event, federal agencies’ more “assertive” interpretations of federal regulations will certainly be more susceptible to legal challenges. Giving courts more leeway when considering regulatory challenges also significantly increases the risk that a rule is deemed valid by lower courts in one part of the country and invalid in another.

 



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New Jersey

63 mph wind was clocked during Friday’s storms. See top gusts in each N.J. county.

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63 mph wind was clocked during Friday’s storms. See top gusts in each N.J. county.


Trees were blown down. Electrical poles were snapped. And Christmas decorations went flying off lawns.

All thanks to Friday’s intense storms, which generated wind gusts as strong as 63 mph at the High Point Monument in Sussex County, 60 mph at Teterboro Airport in Bergen County and 60 mph in Belleville in Essex County.

Those were among the highest gusts clocked across the Garden State, according to the National Weather Service and the Rutgers NJ Weather Network.

Fierce gusts also were whipping down in South Jersey and along the Jersey Shore, and triggered more than 40,000 power outages across the state Friday afternoon and Friday evening.

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Here’s a look at the highest wind gusts reported in each of New Jersey’s 21 counties on Friday:

Atlantic County

  • 52 mph at Atlantic City International Airport
  • 51 mph in Forsythe
  • 48 mph at Atlantic City Marina
  • 47 mph in Brigantine
  • 45 mph in Pleasantville
  • 44 mph in Pleasantville Point

Bergen County

  • 56 mph at Teterboro Airport
  • 47 mph in Lyndhurst

Burlington County

  • 52 mph at McGuire AFB
  • 48 mph at Coyle Field
  • 47 mph at South Jersey Regional Airport
  • 46 mph in Moorestown
  • 41 mph in Tabernacle
  • 40 mph in Silas Little
  • 40 mph in Medford Village

Camden County

  • 52 mph in Pennsauken
  • 41 mph in Blue Anchor

Cape May County

  • 50 mph in Avalon
  • 49 mph in Cape May
  • 49 mph in Cape May Harbor
  • 46 mph in Wildwood
  • 46 mph in Ocean City
  • 42 mph in Woodbine
  • 41 mph at Woodbine Municipal Airport
  • 40 mph in North Wildwood

Cumberland County

  • 48 mph in Fortescue
  • 47 mph in Upper Deerfield
  • 45 mph in Millville
  • 44 mph in Greenwich
  • 39 mph in Vineland

Essex County

  • 60 mph in Belleville
  • 59 mph at Newark Liberty Airport
  • 45 mph in Caldwell

Gloucester County

  • 60 mph in Logan Twp.
  • 45 mph at Kingsway Regional H.S.
  • 42 mph in West Deptford
  • 41 mph in South Harrison

Hudson County

  • 41 mph in Bayonne
  • 40 mph in Jersey City 

Hunterdon County

  • 47 mph in Pittstown
  • 44 mph in Teetertown
  • 40 mph in Milford

Mercer County

  • 52 mph at Trenton Mercer Airport
  • 48 mph in Hopewell Twp.
  • 44 mph in Woodsville
  • 43 mph in Ewing

Middlesex County

  • 51 mph in Perth Amboy
  • 47 mph in Carteret
  • 47 mph in Deans (South Brunswick)
  • 42 mph in East Brunswick
  • 40 mph in New Brunswick

Monmouth County

  • 56 mph in Sea Bright
  • 56 mph in Keansburg
  • 54 mph in Sea Girt
  • 51 mph in Monmouth
  • 46 mph in Cream Ridge
  • 43 mph in Millstone Twp.
  • 43 mph in Oceanport

Morris County

  • 49 mph in Pompton Plains
  • 46 mph in Morristown
  • 41 mph at Pequannock Twp. High School
  • 40 mph in Randolph

Ocean County

  • 57 mph in Mantoloking
  • 55 mph in Surf City
  • 54 mph in Harvey Cedars
  • 53 mph in Beach Haven
  • 52 mph in Toms River
  • 50 mph in North Beach Haven
  • 49 mph in Berkeley Twp.
  • 49 mph in Seaside Heights
  • 49 mph at Rutgers
  • 48 mph in Seaside Park
  • 47 mph at Trixies Landing
  • 46 mph in Tuckerton
  • 46 mph in North Beach
  • 43 mph in South Seaside Park

Passaic County

  • 44 mph in Charlotteburg 
  • 30 mph in Little Falls

Salem County

  • 52 mph in Lower Alloways Creek
  • 44 mph in Mannington Twp.

Somerset County

  • 47 mph in Franklin Twp.
  • 44 mph in Somerville
  • 41 mph in Hillsborough
  • 41 mph in Manville

Sussex County

  • 63 mph at High Point Monument
  • 50 mph in Hardyston Twp.
  • 41 mph in Sussex

Union County

  • 59 mph at Newark Liberty Airport
  • 49 mph in Linden

Warren County

  • 47 mph in Stewartsville
  • 40 mph in Blairstown
  • 39 mph in Hackettstown

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Noesen’s Power Play Goal Pushes Devils Past Mammoth | GAME STORY | New Jersey Devils

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Noesen’s Power Play Goal Pushes Devils Past Mammoth | GAME STORY | New Jersey Devils


SALT LAKE CITY, UT – The Devils spent much of the night against the Utah Mammoth searching for answers on the power play, watching chances come and go, starting the game 0-for-4 with the man-advantage. That frustration finally broke when Stefan Noesen planted himself in the crease and finished in tight on Karel Vejmelka to give New Jersey the breakthrough they desperately needed.

“Great road win,” Brett Pesce said. “Didn’t have our best, myself included, felt like I hadn’t played in two months,” Brett Pesce said. “You know what, we got a win, we grinded it out, good teams find ways to get to two points.”

Noesen’s conversion provided a much-needed release on an ailing power play, and the timing made it even more significant. Not only did it snap the drought, but it also handed the Devils their first lead of the night against the Mammoth, one they would hang on to win 2-1 in Utah.

Not to be outdone, Jacob Markstrom was rock solid, allowing just a single goal to Utah, in the first period. As the Devils tried to find their footing in the game, with failed power play opportunities, and Utah pressing hard, Markstrom held the fort.

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“This one is on him tonight,” head coach Sheldon Keefe said. “We don’t get the opportunity to hang around in the game and have big moments like we did in the third with the penalty kill and power play, if not for Marky and how held us in. We were outplayed for long stretches of the game, but it’s going to happen from time to time.”

The Devils had a gut-check moment at the end of the third period, when Dawson Mercer took a penalty in the dying minutes of the game and the Mammoth pulled their goalie for a 6-on-4. New Jersey came up with the clears and the blocks to hang on for the victory.

The Devils weren’t going to be denied the opportunity for a win, as Connor Brown explained:

“Marky deserved the win at that point, it was a bit scrambly, maybe a bit more scrambly than we would have liked but they got two extra guys on the ice, so it was nice to gut one out.”

Utah opened the game scoring with a first-period power-play goal by Daniil But, before Connor Brown tied the game in the second period, his second goal in as many games and his third in four.

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“I’m playing my brand of hockey,” Brown said. “I’m being empowered a little more, playing a little more minutes than typically have over the last couple of years and it’s leading into a little bit more confidence, little bit more plays, so just kind of running with it.”

The Devils have started to find some more stride in their game and are winning four of their last six, including two straight on the two-game road trip through Vegas and Utah.



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NJ corrections officer charged with sexually assaulting prison inmates

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NJ corrections officer charged with sexually assaulting prison inmates


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A Piscataway man who works as a New Jersey Department of Corrections officer in the state’s prison for sex offenders has been charged with sexually assaulting two inmates.

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Anthony Nelson, 37, was charged with sexually assaulting the inmates at the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center in the Avenel section of Woodbridge, Middlesex County Prosecutor Yolanda Ciccone announced.  

Nelson was arrested without incident on Dec. 15 and charged with two counts of second-degree sexual assault and two counts of fourth-degree criminal sexual contact, Ciccone said.

The Middlesex County Prosecutor’s Office was alerted by New Jersey Department of Corrections Special Investigations Division on Dec. 1 that two inmates reported they were sexually assaulted by a correctional police officer over that past weekend, the prosecutor said.

An investigation led by the Middlesex County Prosecutor’s Office Special Victims Unit along with the New Jersey Department of Corrections Special Investigations Division determined that Nelson allegedly sexually assaulted two inmates under his supervision, the prosecutor said.

Nelson was lodged at the Middlesex County Adult Correction Center awaiting a preliminary hearing before a Superior Court judge.

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The investigation is active and ongoing. Anyone with information is asked to contact Detectives Christopher Van Eerde or Tammy Colonna at 732-745-3300 or Investigator Sean Smith at 856-812-3310.



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