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Here’s how NH police’s drug experts evaluate impaired drivers

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Here’s how NH police’s drug experts evaluate impaired drivers


It’s the middle of the night on Interstate 93 in New Hampshire, and a pulled-over driver appears to be under the influence of something other than alcohol. There are 64 specially trained police officers in the state that can be called to the scene to conduct a multi-tiered evaluation.

Drug recognition experts, which exist in all 50 states, are members of law enforcement trained to recognize drivers impaired by substances other than, or in addition to, alcohol that cannot be detected by roadside tests or Breathalyzers. 

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Those can include cannabis, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, hallucinogens, and anti-anxiety tranquilizers, among others. In addition to their on-scene evaluations, DREs also provide expert witness testimony during trials where drugged driving is alleged.

In an effort to improve the “efficiency, completeness, and consistency” of the state’s drug recognition experts and their procedures,” the New Hampshire Department of Safety is slated to receive assistance from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

The NHTSA launched a program in August to provide state DRE programs with new resources, technology, tools, and strategies. The New Hampshire Department of Safety was notified in October that it would receive more than $83,000 in resources, including 85 new Samsung Galaxy tablets. 

“Data will be collected from the participating state DRE coordinators to identify whether or not the implemented strategies have improved DRE processes and procedures,” DOS Commissioner Robert Quinn wrote in documents to the Executive Council. “Ultimately this will lead to better evidence for prosecution of drug impaired drivers, wider implementation of identified strategies, and getting drug impaired drivers off the roads.”

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New Hampshire saw a 47 percent increase in traffic fatilities between 2019 and 2022, according to the NHTSA. In 2021, state data shows, 118 people were killed in crashes, and of those, 70.3 percent were alcohol and/or drug related. In 2022, 146 people were killed in crashes.

Though widely utilized throughout the U.S. for more than 40 years, DREs have been controversial, particularly among defense attorneys and public defenders. Specifically, there has been debate over whether their findings are scientifically reliable and admissible in court, as well as the risk for false arrest. 

Last month, the state Supreme Court in New Jersey ruled evidence from DREs are admissible, but with “limitations and safeguards” in place. In a split decision, justices admitted uncertainty on whether such experts accurately detect impairment.

The International Association of Chiefs of Police, which coordinates the international DRE program, says: “Nothing in or about the DRE protocol is new or novel. The DRE protocol is a compilation of tests that physicians have used for decades to identify and assess alcohol- and/or drug-induced impairment.”

Meanwhile, the role DREs play has been spotlighted as critical in states that have legalized cannabis. And yet, “high” driving has proven difficult to police, because law enforcement cannot detect cannabis with a roadside Breathalyzer and there is no national standard for it like blood alcohol content. In addition, THC can remain in a person’s blood for longer periods of time after use. 

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In Minnesota earlier this year, for example, the state legislature approved $15 million over the next two years to train more DREs as the state enters a new chapter of cannabis legalization. In the legalization bill killed by the New Hampshire Senate in May, 5 percent of revenue would have been dedicated to hire and train more DREs.

In order to become certified as a drug recognition expert, a law enforcement officer must complete training and field work through the International Drug Evaluation and Classification (DEC) Program, which is administered by the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Each state has a local DRE coordinator. New Hampshire State Police have been participating in the program since 1991, and during fiscal year 2023 had 23 DREs on staff. 

Statewide, there are currently 64 DREs, a DOS spokesperson said. DREs can respond throughout the state to perform an evaluation and are not beholden to a particular jurisdiction, meaning an agency without a DRE on staff can request one to a scene. 

These trained law enforcement officers conduct a “standardized and systematic” 12-step process to assess drivers. Throughout the process, DREs aim to determine whether a driver is impaired; whether the impairment relates to drugs or a medical condition; and if drugs, what category or combination of categories of drugs are the likely cause of the impairment. 

The 12 steps are:

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  1. Breath alcohol test by arresting officer, DRE may then be requested
  2. DRE interviews arresting officer
  3. Preliminary examination and first pulse
  4. Eye examination
  5. Four psychophysical tests, such as walking, balancing, and finger to nose
  6. Vital signs and second pulse
  7. Pupil examination under different lighting conditions
  8. Muscle tone examination
  9. Check for injection sites and third pulse
  10. Subject’s statement and other observations
  11. Analysis and opinion of DRE
  12. Toxicological examination

Numbers provided by the DOS show 85 DRE evaluations have been conducted in 2023, while 66 occurred in 2022, 70 in 2021, and 87 in 2020. The DOS said it anticipates the number of requests for DRE evaluations will continue to increase as it expands training for all law enforcement officers to identify someone displaying observable signs and symptoms of drug impairment while operating a motor vehicle.

As part of participation in the NHTSA program, New Hampshire’s DREs will be required to provide detailed monthly reports and data showing if the new resources are aiding in improved processes and procedures. Ultimately, a contractor will provide the NHTSA with a final report consisting of recommendations and successful practice examples to strengthen programs across the country.

This story was originally published by the New Hampshire Bulletin



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New Hampshire

Enjoy Sustainable Living In This Contemporary Bedford Farmhouse

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Enjoy Sustainable Living In This Contemporary Bedford Farmhouse


BEDFORD, NH — Are you looking to start your own farm on a historic property?

97 Stowell Road in Bedford, New Hampshire, might be for you. The property features a post and beam home, constructed in the late-1980s, known as the Stowell’s Mill property. The home has more than 11 acres with a covered bridge that accesses an equestrian barn parcel. The property has fields and stone walls everywhere.

The home also features smart technology, energy-saving systems, a guest or au pair suite with a separate wing, and a heated garage and an office that could be used as an in-law suite.



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Electricity rates to change in August for NH customers

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Electricity rates to change in August for NH customers


New Hampshire’s utility companies are expected to change their rates for electricity starting on August 1. Energy costs could go up for some and down for others.

The state’s three investor-owned utilities – Eversource, Unitil, and Liberty – are expected to adopt similar rates, roughly 10.5 cents per kilowatt hour. Those are known as “supply” rates, and make up around half of a monthly energy bill.

That rate is largely determined by the price utility companies are paying generators for power and companies don’t profit off of those costs. The supply rate changes twice a year, in August and February.

For Eversource and Liberty customers, the change will be a hike from current rates. Average Eversource customers could pay about $14 more per month, and Liberty customers could pay about $8more each month. Eversource’s rates are not final, with state regulators asking for more information by July 10th.

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For Unitil customers, the new rate is lower than the utility’s current rate, a drop of about a dollar per month.

The New Hampshire Electric Cooperative’s rate is about two cents lower than the other utilities, at 8.6 cents per kilowatt hour. That’s down from their current rate, a decrease they say will save customers roughly between $8 and $16 a month.

For customers with the Community Power Coalition of New Hampshire, who now make up more than 15% of active accounts in the state, according to that organization, rates are going up slightly. But their basic rate will be lower than the investor-owned utilities and the same as the Cooperative’s. Their rate for power with 50% renewable content is also lower than the three investor-owned utilities.

Eversource customers will also see an increase on their distribution charge, which represents the cost of delivering electricity. That could be about an extra $9 a month.

In 2025, customers would see an additional increase of about $13.

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The company says that increase is due to the costs of more frequent and unpredictable storms, upgrades for reliability, and efforts to strengthen the energy system as it ages and new technology comes online.





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Concord School Board Member Seeks Input On New Middle School Gym Space, Other Features

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Concord School Board Member Seeks Input On New Middle School Gym Space, Other Features


CONCORD, NH — One of the new Concord school board members elected last year is asking residents for more feedback about some features of the new $200 million middle school proposed for the east side of the city.

Liz Boucher, who represents Zone B (Wards 5, 6, and 7), has created a G-doc form and requests comments about some of the school’s proposed features. She noted in the questionnaire that the data-gathering process was “created solely” by her and is “not representative of other members” of the board of education. Boucher also linked the latest presentation and video by Concord TV of the meeting on June 18.

Boucher focuses on several features that nibble around the edges of the project.


The questionnaire samples opinions about various auditorium sizes — 900 seats, 600 seats, 450 seats, a stage in a space like a gym, what the Rundlett Middle School currently has, or none at all. The proposed 900-seat performing arts center costs $6 million, while a 450-seat venue is around $4.2 million. Participants can choose a single answer.

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While the city and school district are separate entities, the city does own the historic Concord City Auditorium, which is not used nearly as much as it should or could be, and seats close to 900. In the past, the district has utilized the Audi for functions.

Concord High School also has an auditorium named after Christa McAuliffe.

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Another question is about sports fields.

At RMS, there are four overlapping fields. The questionnaire offers eight answers, and participants can choose from any of them. The costs of field construction range from $1.1 million for a baseball-softball field to $1.4 million for a multi-use synthetic field. A track and lawn field is around $1.7 million.

The RMS gym, which has been renovated repeatedly during the past 45 years, is 7,800 square feet. The district is proposing a 9,000-square-foot gym, but $1.2 million could be saved by building a 6,000-square-foot gym.

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Another question was about a 5,000-square-foot multipurpose room for wrestling and cheerleading. RMS currently has a second gym where wrestling matches are held, with bleachers and a performance stage for concerts. Reducing the size would save around $600,000.

Another multiple-choice question involves installing an $18.7 million geothermal heat pump or saving about a million dollars by installing air-source heat pumps with a supplemental boiler. Solar panels are also proposed for $1.5 million to $3.25 million.

An external ramp between the school’s first and second floors, costing $3.7 million, was also proposed and is being reconsidered.

Participants can offer additional comments or concerns and are asked to leave their name and voting ward, too.

Boucher said in the questionnaire that the “cost estimate ranges” from $136.2 million to $166.7 million, depending on adding some of the design features. These figures are actually the price, not the cost. The cost needs to include interest on the debt, which pushes even the low price of the building to the $200 million range.

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View all the documents for the new Concord middle school project linked here. The latest financial estimates can be found here.


Business Administrator Jack Dunn clarified some of the financials while adding the numbers the district was toying with were very early estimates.

Patch has been performing back-of-the-envelope math on the varying pricing schemes with a proposed 4 percent interest rate. But Dunn said it will probably be closer to 4.5 percent — pushing the final cost even higher than previously thought.

The district has around $16.1 million in its facilities and purchase renovation expendable trust fund and more than $26.1 million in all its trusts. This is the amount of money property taxpayers have been overtaxed in recent years. In fiscal year 2025, nearly $1.6 million was transferred into the facilities trust—money that was supposed to go into taxpayers’ pockets as part of more money being pushed out by the state to schools.

One confusing part of the most recent financial figures shared with the public was a tax hike figure of $32 on a $350,000.

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Circling back to the lowest price figure of $136.2 million, Dunn said the district was figuring state aid to be about $49 million. The district would then amortize the leftover $87.7 million at 4.5 percent. The first-year payment would be around $6.8 million. Dunn said by using $3.4 million in the first year, the tax rate could be brought down to about 9 cents per thousand or $32 for a $350,000 house assessment.

Using the $136.2 million figure and about $72.3 million in interest payments based on the $87.7 million financed ($136.2M minus $49M in state aid equals $87.7M), without using any of the trust funds or selling off any current land assets the district has, including the former Eastman School land or the current RMS parcel, the final cost of the new middle school, at its lowest level, is around $208.5 million.

Do you have a news tip? Please email it to tony.schinella@patch.com. View videos on Tony Schinella’s YouTube.com channel or Rumble.com channel. Follow the NH politics Twitter account @NHPatchPolitics for all our campaign coverage.



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