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Study links even mild Covid-19 to changes in the brain

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Study links even mild Covid-19 to changes in the brain
The research, printed Monday within the journal Nature, is believed to be the biggest of its sort. It discovered that the brains of those that had Covid-19 had a better lack of grey matter and abnormalities within the mind tissue in contrast with those that did not have Covid-19. A lot of these modifications have been within the space of the mind associated to the sense of scent.

“We have been fairly shocked to see clear variations within the mind even with delicate an infection,” lead creator Gwenaëlle Douaud, an affiliate professor of neurosciences on the College of Oxford, informed CNN in an e-mail.

Douaud and her colleagues evaluated mind imaging from 401 individuals who had Covid-19 between March 2020 and April 2021, each earlier than an infection and a mean of 4½ months after an infection. They in contrast the outcomes with mind imaging of 384 uninfected folks related in age, socioeconomics and threat components equivalent to blood strain and weight problems. Of the 401 contaminated folks, 15 had been hospitalized.

The 785 individuals have been between the ages of 51 and 81 and have been all a part of the UK Biobank, an ongoing authorities well being database of 500,000 folks begun in 2012.

Douaud defined that it’s regular for folks to lose 0.2% to 0.3% of grey matter yearly within the memory-related areas of the mind as they age, however within the research analysis, individuals who had been contaminated with the coronavirus misplaced a further 0.2% to 2% of tissue in contrast with those that hadn’t been contaminated.

Along with imaging, the individuals have been examined for his or her government and cognitive perform utilizing the Path Making Take a look at, a instrument used to assist detect cognitive impairments related to dementia and take a look at an individual’s mind processing pace and performance. The researchers discovered that those that had the best mind tissue loss additionally carried out the worst on this examination.

Though the areas of the mind most affected look like associated to the olfactory system, Douaud stated it wasn’t clear why that was the case.

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“For the reason that irregular modifications we see within the contaminated individuals’ brains is likely to be partly associated to their lack of scent, it’s potential that recovering it’d result in these mind abnormalities changing into much less marked over time. Equally, it’s possible that the dangerous results of the virus (whether or not direct, or oblique through inflammatory or immune reactions) lower over time after an infection. One of the best ways to seek out out can be to scan these individuals once more in a single or two years’ time,” she stated.

Douaud added that the researchers anticipate reimaging and testing the individuals in a single or two years.

And whereas the research finds some affiliation between an infection and mind perform, it is nonetheless not clear why. Earlier research have proven folks with vital and repeated lack of scent even have an related lack of grey matter. Nevertheless, this research didn’t consider whether or not folks truly had a lack of scent.

The authors cautioned that the findings have been solely of a second in time however famous that they “elevate the likelihood that longer-term penalties of SARS-CoV-2 an infection may in time contribute to Alzheimer’s illness or different types of dementia.”

The findings have been noticeable, however they weren’t sufficient to trigger alarm, stated Dr. Richard Isaacson, a neurologist and director of the Florida Atlantic College Heart for Mind Well being. Isaacson was not concerned within the research.

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Isaacson stated the findings have been noticeable for clinicians, however he added that the general impression on people was troublesome to find out and might be small. “It is actually exhausting to know the long-term medical impression and high quality of life impression in a state of affairs like this,” he stated.

“The mind could also be affected by different mechanisms equivalent to immune, inflammatory, vascular or psychological/behavioral change however not direct an infection,” stated Dr. Alan Carson, a professor of neuropsychiatry on the Heart for Medical Mind Sciences on the College of Edinburgh, who was not concerned within the research.

“What this research virtually definitely exhibits is the impression, when it comes to neural modifications,” he stated. “However I do not assume it helps us perceive the mechanisms underpinning cognitive change after Covid an infection.”

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Nato’s Mark Rutte praises Donald Trump for making Europe ‘pay in a BIG way’

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Nato’s Mark Rutte praises Donald Trump for making Europe ‘pay in a BIG way’

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Nato secretary-general Mark Rutte has praised Donald Trump for making Europe “pay in a BIG way” on increased defence spending, in a private message that the US president shared on his social media platform.

“Donald, you have driven us to a really, really important moment for America and Europe, and the world,” Rutte wrote ahead of a Nato summit that begins on Tuesday, referencing the US president’s demand that all allies commit to raising defence spending to 5 per cent of GDP.

“You will achieve something NO American president in decades could get done,” he added, according to screenshots of his text message posted by Trump to Truth Social on Tuesday.

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Screenshots of a text message sent by Mark Rutte to Donald Trump, posted by the US president to Truth Social on Tuesday © Donald J. Trump/Truth

“It was not easy but we’ve got them all signed onto 5 per cent!” Rutte wrote. “Europe is going to pay in a BIG way, as they should, and it will be your win.”

Rutte also praised Trump’s “decisive action in Iran, that was truly extraordinary, and something no one else dared to do”.

A Nato official confirmed the message’s authenticity.

The screenshots appeared on Truth Social as the US president flew to The Hague for a Nato summit that begins on Tuesday evening.

Trump had asked all members of the alliance to spend 5 per cent of GDP on defence over the next decade or risk losing the US security guarantees that have underpinned the continent’s security for decades.

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While many European allies including Germany, France and the UK have committed to meet Trump’s new target, Spain has secured an opt-out, increasing the likelihood of a clash at the meeting.

On Tuesday, Rutte sought to reassure allies that as long as they drastically increase their defence spending, Trump would not withdraw US guarantees.

“There is total commitment by the US President . . . to Nato,” Rutte said ahead of the event. “However it comes with an expectation that we will deal with this . . . huge irritant that we are not spending enough.

“My message to my European colleagues is: stop worrying so much . . . Stop running around being worried about the US. They are with us,” he added.

To meet Trump’s demands, Rutte has drawn up a plan for allies to allocate 3.5 per cent of their GDP to core military spending and 1.5 per cent on areas such as cyber and infrastructure by 2035, to fill gaps in European capabilities.

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German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said that a massive defence spending plan presented to his cabinet on Tuesday showed that Europe’s largest nation was a “strong and reliable” partner.

“We’ve showed our allies we can be relied upon,” he told German MPs before departing for The Hague. “Germany is back on the international stage.”

Germany plans to boost military spending by more than two-thirds over the next four years, reaching 3.5 per cent of GDP in core military spending in 2029, faster than France and the UK.

But Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez has refused to commit to the overall 5 per cent target and secured an opt-out by pledging to meet the Nato capabilities goal at what it estimates will be a lower cost.

Other capitals have also requested the same “flexibility” that Rutte has granted Madrid, increasing the risk for the summit to end in acrimony and triggering Trump’s ire over what he sees as European allies freeloading on American largesse.

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Who will be the Democratic nominee for NYC mayor? Millions are betting live

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Who will be the Democratic nominee for NYC mayor? Millions are betting live

Major decisions about who will be New York City’s next top mayoral candidate are set to be made Tuesday, and millions of Americans are betting live on their election odds.

Event contract platform Kalshi recently launched market predictions for multiple NYC election-related prompts, including who will reign in the top spot for Democratic mayoral nominee and the overall race winner.

The 2025 race for New York City mayor is tightening, with former Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s lead shrinking less than a week ahead of the crucial primary, a poll indicated. Zohran Mamdani, a 33-year-old Democratic socialist state assemblyman from Queens, stands in second place in the poll.

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As of Tuesday morning, Kalshi showed Mamdani with a 56% chance of winning the Democratic Party nomination this year, and Cuomo with a 44% chance. Bettors have poured more than $8 million into the total series volume, according to Kalshi’s website.

ELECTION ‘WHALE’ BETTOR MADE MUCH MORE ON TRUMP WIN THAN ORIGINALLY THOUGHT, ANALYSIS SHOWS

Buying a “yes” share for Mamdani costs roughly $0.57 while a “no” share costs $0.46; Cuomo’s “yes” share can be bought for roughly $0.46 and a “no” share for $0.56.

Kalshi market bettors are buying their last shares before NYC’s mayoral primary election closes at 9 p.m. ET Tuesday, June 24, 2025. (Getty Images)

One Kalshi user posted in the comment section that his $984.75 investment on Mamdani being confirmed as the Democrats’ nominee would make a return of $1,968.96.

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Another prediction market asks bettors who will reign as the NYC mayoral race winner between a Democrat, Republican or current Mayor Eric Adams. Eighty-two percent of bettors predicted a Democrat will win, with 12% for Eric Adams and 7% for a Republican.

Because of the large consensus for a Democratic candidate winning the blue city election, buying a “yes” share costs $0.83 and a “no” share costs $0.19.

In general, prediction markets like Kalshi and other platforms, including Polymarket and PredictIt, allow users to trade on the outcome of future events with yes-no questions. Individual trades are between $0 and $1, and contracts pay $1 if the event occurs.

While primary voting will take place until 9 p.m. ET Tuesday, more than 384,000 Democrats cast ballots in early voting, which ended on Sunday.

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The winner of the Democratic Party primary is traditionally seen as the overwhelming frontrunner in the November general election in the Democrat-dominated city.

However, this year, the general election campaign may be a bit more unpredictable with incumbent Adams running for reelection as an Independent and his approval ratings sinking to historic lows.

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Fox News’ Paul Steinhauser and Pilar Arias contributed to this report.

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UK defence funding will hit 5% of GDP by 2035, Starmer to tell Nato summit

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UK defence funding will hit 5% of GDP by 2035, Starmer to tell Nato summit

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Sir Keir Starmer will pledge to Nato that the UK will raise spending on national security to 5 per cent of GDP within a decade, as members attempt to convince US President Donald Trump to stick with the alliance.

The pledge would raise core defence spending to 3.5 per cent of GDP by 2035, with an additional 1.5 per cent on security related infrastructure such as cyber security and border protection.

The UK prime minister had already pledged to raise defence spending from around 2.3 per cent currently to 2.6 per cent by 2027, with an ambition to increase it to 3 per cent in the next parliament.

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But the new pledge of 3.5 per cent on core defence spending means billions more pounds will eventually flow into the army, navy and air force as the UK attempts to reinforce itself against Russian aggression and prove to the US it is pulling its weight.

Nato secretary-general Mark Rutte has pushed for the 5 per cent figure — including the 1.5 per cent on adjacent security spending — partly to boost the headline number for Trump’s eyes, given the US president’s focus on Europe’s lower levels of defence spending in recent decades.

While almost all Nato members have agreed to the spending level, Spain opted out on Sunday, in a blow to the cohesiveness of the group as it tries to present a united front to Trump.

The UK’s funding will make possible many of the plans outlined in this month’s strategic defence review, which recommended a greater use of drones, autonomous vehicles and artificial intelligence alongside new nuclear warheads, submarines and fighter jets.

Carl Emmerson at the Institute for Fiscal Studies said the increase, in today’s terms, would be like adding approximately £30bn to the 2027 target of around spending £75bn on core defence.

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The pledge will raise questions, however, over how the increase will be funded, and whether other public services will face cuts, at a time when the UK is facing a financial squeeze.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves is expected to have to raise taxes in the autumn to give her financial headroom, and the government is already facing resistance to plans to cut the UK’s welfare budget.

UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer: ‘This is an opportunity to deepen our commitment to Nato’ © Simon Wohlfahrt/Bloomberg

Starmer said the UK must “navigate this era of radical uncertainty with agility, speed and a clear-eyed sense of the national interest” to provide security for “working people”.

“This is an opportunity to deepen our commitment to Nato and drive greater investment in the nation’s wider security and resilience,” Starmer added.

The 1.5 per cent of non-core spending has been billed by the government as “homeland security” and “resilience” investment and is expected to cover things such as civil preparedness, cyber threats, border and energy security and other areas with defence-adjacent purposes, with the details to be agreed at the Nato summit.

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It was not immediately clear, however, whether this will attract any additional spending.

Once adjacent spending was included, the government said UK security spending would be 4.1 per cent of GDP by 2027 — the same year that core defence spending is expected to reach 2.6 per cent.

That implies the adjacent spending is already close to 1.5 per cent of GDP, if it is to reach that level within two years.

Downing Street said more details of the spending plans would be laid out at the Nato summit on Wednesday and Thursday, which Trump is expected to attend.

Defence secretary John Healey
Defence secretary John Healey during a visit to open the new BAE Systems artillery factory in Sheffield in June © Danny Lawson/PA

The UK played up its need to become less reliant on allies, as the Trump administration threatens to reduce support for Europe.

“In a more transactional world, the report determines that building our own sovereign, independent capabilities in strategically important areas will reduce our dependency on other nations,” the government said.

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Ministers hope the additional spending will also help boost the UK economy, calling the national security strategy “a call to action that our entire society needs to become more resilient”.

It added: “Recognising that national security means more than it used to — from the security of our borders to the health of our economy, from supply chains to food prices and from safety on our streets to the online world.”

“Faced by this reality in a world of increasing ‘grey zone’ threats, we cannot take a piecemeal approach that enhances the security of one part of our critical national infrastructure but leaves gaps elsewhere for our adversaries to exploit.”

Additional reporting by Sam Fleming

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