Earlier than he entered Pennsylvania’s Senate race, David McCormick oversaw an enormous hedge fund that invested billions of {dollars} for the retirement plans of the state’s academics.

However Mr. McCormick’s firm, Bridgewater Associates, delivered such middling earnings and charged such excessive charges that the Pennsylvania academics’ retirement fund moved to dump its Bridgewater holdings starting two years in the past.

Total, Bridgewater’s efficiency was a contributing consider almost a decade of poor returns for the retirement fund, trustees of the fund mentioned in interviews.

The affect is now being felt not directly by hundreds of academics who need to pay extra from their paychecks to fund their retirements, an additional $300 yearly in some circumstances.

Since leaping into the Republican main in January, Mr. McCormick has supplied his enterprise profession as a qualification for the open Senate seat in November, however he has made little point out of his connection to the state’s trainer pension fund, which has lengthy been mired in controversy, nor to the greater than $500 million in charges that Bridgewater was paid by the fund.

However on Tuesday, Mr. McCormick’s chief Republican rival, the celeb physician Mehmet Oz, sought to make use of these excessive charges and Mr. McCormick’s decade on prime of Bridgewater, the world’s largest hedge fund, in opposition to him.

“We’re caught with a half-a-billion-dollar invoice whereas he and his colleagues obtained half a billion in charges,” Dr. Oz mentioned outdoors the Harrisburg headquarters of the pension fund, the Public College Workers Retirement System, often known as PSERS. He addressed a small group of supporters with a big prop test made out for $500 million.

“The truth that nobody is aware of this story,” he added, is “shameful.”

Till 2019, the retirement fund had almost $5 billion invested with Bridgewater, among the many most of any agency, and it was one of many hedge fund’s prime shoppers.

In response to Dr. Oz, the McCormick marketing campaign mentioned that Bridgewater had made loads of cash for the retirement fund and that Mr. McCormick, who served as president and later as chief government of the hedge fund, was in a roundabout way concerned in overseeing its relationship or investments with PSERS.

The dispute is the most recent spherical in a slugfest between Mr. McCormick and Dr. Oz, whose main contest will assist form one of the essential races this yr for management of the Senate. The 2 candidates and their outdoors supporters have already spent a state report $30 million in assault adverts forward of the Could 17 main. A Fox Information ballot this month of potential Republican voters confirmed Mr. McCormick on prime of a five-person area, though many citizens are undecided.

A West Level graduate and former Treasury Division official, Mr. McCormick was recruited by Bridgewater as president in 2009, rose to co-chief government in 2017 and have become sole chief government in 2020 earlier than leaving in January to run for Senate.

The Pennsylvania academics’ pension fund has been troubled for years. Moreover hedge funds, it put its cash into extremely dangerous “different” investments together with trailer park chains, pistachio farms and pay telephone programs for jail inmates.

In mid-2020, the fund’s annual earnings over 9 years, a decade when the inventory market boomed, amounted to only 6.34 %, lacking a goal set by Pennsylvania legislation.

The shortfall prompted $80 million in increased paycheck deductions for about 100,000 academics and different college workers, in addition to increased property taxes for householders statewide, to pay for varsity districts’ make-up contributions to the pension fund, mentioned Stacy Garrity, the state treasurer.

Mr. McCormick, who declined to be interviewed, mentioned by means of a marketing campaign spokeswoman that PSERS’s poor efficiency was not the fault of its Bridgewater holdings — as Dr. Oz argued — and that these holdings had earned cash for the pension fund. “Pennsylvania retirees made $3.9 billion in internet earnings and didn’t lose a penny over the lifetime of the connection underneath Bridgewater administration,” the spokeswoman, Jess Szymanski, mentioned.

Nonetheless, some Bridgewater investments did miss inside benchmarks that the retirement fund had set, which contributed to the choice by the board of trustees to dump its Bridgewater investments, together with these in different hedge funds.

In the newest quarterly reporting interval, PSERS’s largest Bridgewater funding, the Pure Alpha II fund, underperformed a benchmark for comparable funds over the previous three-, five- and 10-year durations. It exceeded the benchmark over a one-year interval.

Extra essential than the person Bridgewater investments, in response to board members, was that Bridgewater’s funding philosophy got here to dominate the retirement fund’s broad portfolio, presently valued at greater than $72 billion.

At a July 2020 assembly with senior retirement fund workers members, Joseph Torsella, the state treasurer on the time, criticized Bridgewater’s poor efficiency and its large affect over the pension fund.

Mr. Torsella, a Democrat, mentioned in an interview, “I obtained the sense we have been essential on the highest stage of Bridgewater, and I obtained the sense at PSERS that Bridgewater was the one true church.”

Bridgewater, which manages about $140 billion, largely for institutional shoppers, is called a lot for a tradition wherein workers bluntly air their variations as it’s recognized for its investing report. It boasts of incomes prospects tens of billions of {dollars} over 4 many years.

Its founder, Ray Dalio, is a multibillionaire who popularized an investing technique often known as “threat parity.” It guarantees to earn money in each good and unhealthy financial instances by inserting bets throughout various kinds of belongings reminiscent of gold, Treasury bonds and sovereign wealth funds.

Throughout the 2008 monetary disaster, when shares went right into a free-fall, Bridgewater’s Pure Alpha fund gained 9.5 %. That was the beginning of an infatuation with Bridgewater by the skilled workers on the Pennsylvania academics’ fund, in response to board members and their aides.

Walloped by its declining inventory holdings, the retirement fund embraced the chance parity mannequin. It not solely loaded up on Bridgewater’s personal funds, it molded itself right into a Bridgewater-like hedge fund.

A report for the Pennsylvania legislature in 2018 discovered that PSERS’s portfolio allocation “displays a threat parity mannequin.”

It was a extremely uncommon, and dangerous, strategy for a public fund that sends month-to-month checks to 250,000 former academics, custodians and different college workers.

“The true affect of Bridgewater on PSERS was not simply that Bridgewater was one amongst a few hundred managers — they have been the guru,” mentioned Mr. Torsella, who was a part of a bipartisan group of board members who started difficult the best way the pension fund was run. “Too lots of the funding staff at PSERS turned acolytes of Bridgewater. There was an excessive amount of deference to their mind-set.”

Definitely, nobody at Bridgewater was twisting the arms of PSERS’s workers to mimic the hedge fund’s technique.

Nonetheless, groups of retirement fund workers members trooped to Bridgewater’s wooded campus in Westport, Conn., or hosted Bridgewater consultants in Harrisburg for daylong seminars. In 2019, prime pension fund executives flew to China for 2 Bridgewater occasions, together with a weeklong “investor summit,” at a price of $4,467 in journey.

Over the last decade following the monetary disaster, because the inventory market recovered and boomed, PSERS’s embrace of a threat parity mannequin of investing had a disastrous affect on the pension fund’s backside line. As of 2018, the retirement fund’s returns over a decade ranked fiftieth out of 52 public pension plans nationwide, in response to the report for state lawmakers.

Though Bridgewater’s funds have been promoted as a solution to climate a bear market in shares, the arrival of the pandemic in 2020 proved that the complicated monetary straddles didn’t dwell as much as the hype. Bridgewater’s Pure Alpha fund was underwater for the yr, even because the S&P 500, the broad inventory market index, gained greater than 16 %.

The dissidents on the PSERS board, who favored a plain-vanilla portfolio of largely public shares and bonds, succeeded in pushing the pension fund to dump two of its Bridgewater funds, All Climate and Optimum, and to ultimately liquidate all of its hedge fund investments.

In July 2021, the pension fund was compelled to extend paycheck deductions for 94,400 college workers employed since 2011.

Samantha Kreda, who teaches particular training to 3rd to fifth graders on the Richard R. Wright College in Philadelphia, was one.

“The PSERS improve amounted to $30 each paycheck, however that’s an enormous sum of money contemplating all of the issues academics are anticipated to pay for,” she mentioned. She buys books, snacks, birthday items and college provides out of her pocket for college kids in her high-poverty college. Slightly than reduce on these extras, she mentioned, she has reconsidered “splurges” like dinner out together with her boyfriend.

Ms. Kreda, 27, who has a grasp’s diploma from the College of Pennsylvania, is aware of Ivy League friends who went into legislation or finance and now make “unfathomable” salaries. “I like my job; I don’t train for the paycheck,” she mentioned. Nonetheless, a $30 deduction from her biweekly pay offers her pause. “It positively makes a distinction,” she mentioned.

Maureen Farrell contributed reporting.