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A drop in the ocean

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Bsounding the catch house is ending up being a significantly treacherous job in this Icelandic angling town. As a lot of the globe frets about water level increasing as well as engulfing land, the neighborhood right here has the contrary issue — the water level is dropping.

Sea shallows that bordering the town of Höfn — obvious hup, as if you have the missteps — are ending up being shallower as well as tougher to browse. The trends are available in as well as out with much less pressure than they made use of to, triggering the network that angling watercrafts go through to gradually fill with debris.

“The huge ships, when they’re coming completely loaded with capelin or herring, the keels of the ships are mosting likely to be fairly near all-time low. So there is a raised threat that they will certainly strike all-time low, which might result in leakages in the hull, monetary loss or a shipwreck,” stated Þorvarður Árnason, supervisor of the College of Iceland’s proving ground in Höfn.

“The 60 or two males dealing with the ships, they are all neighborhood. The suggestion of a shipwreck is scary.”

Þorvarður Árnason, Supervisor of the College of Iceland’s proving ground in Höfn

A foggy landscape with mountains in the distance and boats docked next to wooden houses
A wall of glaciers with mountains covered in moss in the backgrounand a lake in the foreground.
Þorvarður Árnason examines the Hoffellsjökull glacier shallows. Watercrafts are anchored in Höfn, Iceland. The front of Sólheimajökull glacier, on Iceland’s southerly shore. Temujin Doran/CNN

“The 60 or two males dealing with the ships, they are all neighborhood,” Árnason stated. “The suggestion of a shipwreck is scary.”

Höfn beings in the darkness of Iceland’s biggest ice cap, Vatnajökull. For centuries, the magnificent weight of Vatnajökull has actually pressed the ground below it. Yet international warming is triggering these ice caps as well as glaciers to thaw swiftly, currently faster than at any type of factor in the last 200 years. As they vanish, the ground is essentially increasing.

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When glaciers thaw, the water that as soon as developed them escapes right into the sea.

This has 2 significant repercussions.

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For centuries, glaciers have actually been lowering the ground below them.

Once the glaciers begin thawing, they end up being lighter as well as eliminate a few of the stress on the land below, which triggers the ground to recover.

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Big glaciers additionally have a gravitational impact on the sea, drawing water in the direction of them.

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When they thaw as well as shed mass, this pull ends up being weak as well as the water streams away, at some point to the opposite of the globe.

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Where Iceland obtains its name from is no secret — around a tenth of the nation’s is covered by glaciers. Yet the Arctic is experiencing one of the most remarkable temperature level surge worldwide, and also therefore, Iceland is currently shedding around 10 billion lots of ice every year, according to NASA. At this price, Iceland might be iceless by 2200.

general practitioner dimensions reveal the ground in Höfn has actually been increasing by as long as 1.7 centimeters each year. The closer the land is to the melting glacier, the much faster the surge — some 20 mins’ drive to the north, the ground is increasing by as long as 3.8 centimeters annually.

In Höfn, Árnason has actually been enjoying the advancements with worry. The town is linked to the angling sector as well as most households there depend on it. If the watercrafts can’t enter, it would certainly probably indicate monetary mess up.

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Yet there’s an additional factor that the water level around Iceland is going down: Gravity.

Large chunks of sea ice float in a lagoon.
Boats dock on a still lake next to a pier.
Water leaks down melting ice in Iceland. Sea ice drifts in Jökulsárlón glacier shallows. Ships are anchored at a harbor at Höfn. Temujin Doran/CNN

The fast thaw of glaciers as well as the Greenland ice sheet are triggering water level to increase in the majority of the globe, simply by including big quantities of water right into the sea.

Yet this surge hasn’t been consistent. Counterintuitively, Greenland as well as regions around it, where the thaw is occurring one of the most, are in fact experiencing a decrease in water level, as well as not just as a result of this rising-ground sensation.

Anything that has mass has its very own gravity. The bigger it is, the extra gravity it has.

“The ice sheet is so hefty that it draws the sea in the direction of it, because of gravity. Yet if the ice sheet disappears, this destination begins weakening as well as the water relocates away,” stated Thomas Frederikse, a postdoctoral other at the NASA Jet Propulsion Lab.

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“The additional away you are from the ice sheet, the even more water you obtain.”

NASA researchers approximate that if typical international water level climbs up by 1 meter — which would certainly remain in component because of ice melting on Greenland — it would in fact drop by 20 centimeters around Iceland. That’s due to the fact that it rests so near Greenland, where this gravitational modification is happening.

As well as while thawing on Iceland itself will certainly contribute in international water level surge, it holds a little quantity of water contrasted to the globe’s biggest ice sheets.

If all the glaciers in Iceland were to thaw, it would certainly raise international typical water level by 1 centimeter. On the various other hand, Greenland as well as Antarctica have adequate ice to result in disastrous influences — if every one of Greenland were to thaw, it would certainly include 7.5 meters to international water level. Antarctica has sufficient ice on the continent to raise water level by virtually 60 meters, if everything thawed.

See just how specialists determine glacier thaw in Iceland Temujin Doran, CNN

Ice thaw represent around two-thirds of the globe’s water level surge. Yet environment modification is striking our seas in yet an additional means.

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As people discharge even more greenhouse gases — mostly by melting nonrenewable fuel sources like coal, oil as well as gas for power — sea temperature levels are increasing also, which added warmth is making the sea broaden.

When water obtains warmer, its particles relocate much faster as well as expanded extra, which boosts its quantity. Researchers approximate that approximately one-third of international water level surge can be credited to this growth.

The current clinical proof reveals that also if the globe quit melting nonrenewable fuel sources today, water level surge is still secured up until 2050. Yet future exhausts will certainly have big repercussions past 2050.

If the globe warms by 3 to 4 levels Celsius over degrees prior to automation, researchers alert that typical international water level surge might get to 70 centimeters by the end of century, endangering the stability of human life in some locations. Temperature level surge is currently at 1.2C.

Iceland’s impact on international water level

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Source: Frederikse, T., Jevrejeva, S., Riva, R. E. M., & Dangendorf, S. Journal of Environment

When glaciers thaw in Iceland, the influence on international water level isn’t consistent.

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The melting adds even more to indicate sea degree surge midway worldwide — such as in the Marshall Islands — than in Iceland’s very own waters.

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Map of the Marshall Islands

As the anglers in Höfn come to grips with the repercussions of shallower seas, individuals on the Marshall Islands have actually been enjoying the sea around them swiftly increase.

The Marshalls are comprised of 5 islands as well as 29 low-lying, ring-shaped atolls. As ice thaws beyond of the world in position like Greenland as well as Iceland, the resulting water level surge has actually compelled individuals right here to alter their lifestyle as well as think of their future in an extra existential means.

“There’s no hills, there’s sea on either side of you as well as the land is actually slim as well as little,” stated Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner, an author as well as environment agent for the Marshall Islands Ministry of Setting.

“The coastline is obtaining much shorter as well as much shorter, it’s a genuine hazard to the physical presence of our land.”

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Leading: A bird’s-eye view of Ejit Island in the Marshall Islands’ Majuro Atoll. Base left: Employees build a sea wall surface in Majuro, Marshall Islands, in April 2019. Base right: Kids tidy fish along the coastline of Ebeye Island in the Marshall Islands’ Kwajalein Atoll in July 2019. Kadir van Lohuizen/NOOR/Redux, Lorenzo Moscia/Archivolantino/Redux

The typical altitude over water level on the Marshalls is simply 2 meters. Below, every centimeter issues.

Around the world, the typical water level has actually climbed by greater than 20 centimeters considering that the begin of the 20th Century as well as has actually gotten speed in the last 3 years. Given that 1993, degree have actually climbed by 2.8 to 3.6 millimeters, usually. In the exact same time, the Marshalls experienced around dual that, with a surge of 7 millimeters, according to an Australian federal government environment record.

Water level surge right here is triggering flooding, which is ending up being progressively extra constant. Waves routinely clean over the safety obstacles that line the coast.

Streets are obtaining swamped extra regularly. Consuming alcohol water obtains contaminated. Source of incomes are ruined. Jetn̄il-Kijiner claims the hazard of a flooding is constantly impending in individuals’s minds.

It’s a consistent suggestion of the existential hazard this country encounters from environment modification, which they require brand-new devices to adjust, quickly.

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A joint research study in between the Marshallese federal government as well as the Globe Financial institution laid out the nation’s choices, from developing sea wall surfaces to redeeming land as well as elevating structures. The even more extreme feedbacks consist of elevating whole islands as well as, as a last resource, moving.

“We need to be on sharp. We simply need to be prepared that we might need to fortify, individuals needing to go house as well as leave work environments midway via to ensure that they might care for their residences as well as their yards or points like that due to the fact that they obtained swamped,” Jetn̄il-Kijiner stated.

Houses protected by a sea wall as waves crash into it in the foreground.
Swings collision right into a sea wall surface in Majuro in April 2019. (Kadir van Lohuizen/NOOR/Redux)

“That’s entirely unjust. We shouldn’t have to do that. These are extreme measures that will cost us billions of dollars, all because of something we had contributed nothing to.”

Kathy Jetn̄il-Kijiner, Climate Envoy for the Marshall Islands Ministry of Environment

Her family, like most of those residing on the islands, built a concrete wall to shield their home from the constant flooding. The barrier they used to have, made of tin panels, was no longer enough.

The new wall is holding up — for now.

“But who knows how long that will work? The impacts are going to keep coming because we aren’t scaling back [global] emissions as fast as we should,” she said. “Here, it’s gotten so severe that we’re now exploring really extreme options of adaptation, like elevating our islands, even having to build completely new islands.”

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According to the joint study, 40% of buildings in the capital city of Majuro will be endangered if sea level rises by 1 meter, with 96% of the city at risk of frequent flooding.

“That’s completely unfair. We should not need to do that,” Jetn̄il-Kijiner said.

“These are severe actions that will certainly cost us billions of bucks, all as a result of something we had actually added absolutely nothing to.”

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Fast-moving French Fire in Mariposa County triggers mandatory evacuations

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Fast-moving French Fire in Mariposa County triggers mandatory evacuations

PIX Now Evening Edition 7-4-24

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PIX Now Evening Edition 7-4-24

03:35

Authorities in Mariposa County have issued mandatory evacuation orders on a number of streets and a shelter-in-place order at a hospital after a wildfire broke out early Thursday evening.

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French Fire in Mariposa County
French Fire in Mariposa County

PG&E Wildfire Camera


The Mariposa County Sheriff first posted on social media about the so-called French Fire at around 6:30 p.m. Residents who live on the following roads have been order to evacuate as of 8:15 p.m.  

  • Hospital Rd. — From Silver Creek to the end (up the mountain)
  • Grosjean Rd.
  • Alta Vista Rd.
  • Avoca Vale
  • Old Hwy North from 140 to Wild Peach including Wild Peach both sides of the roadway
  • Slaughterhouse Rd.
  • Williams Rd.
  • Campbell Rd.
  • Pine St.
  • Dexter View

Deputies are in the areas making door-to-door notifications. People at the John C. Fremont Hospital at 5189 Hospital Rd. in the town of Mariposa have been ordered to shelter-in-place because of the fire. An evacuation map showing the zones affected can be found online.

“If you live in the area and do not feel safe, please leave do not wait to be told to evacuate,” the most recent post read.

At 8:45 p.m., Cal Fire’s Madera-Mariposa-Merced unit confirmed that the French Fire was 400 acres and 0% contained. So far there is no word on what the response from Cal Fire and local fire crews has been.

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Additionally, Highway 140 is closed between Smith Rd. to West Whitlock. There are multiple other road closures.

Authorities have set up a temporary evacuation point at the New Life Christian Church located at 5089 Cole Rd. in Mariposa.

Residents are advised to stay out of the fire area. Multiple Road Closures in and around the fire area.

There have been evacuation warnings issued for the following roads:

  • Hospital Rd. — From Silver Creek to the End (up the mountain)
  • Grosjean Rd.
  • Alta Vista Rd.
  • Avoca Vale
  • Old Hwy North from Hwy 140 to Wild Peach including Wild Peach both sides of the roadway
  • Slaughterhouse Rd.
  • Williams Rd.
  • Campbell Rd.
  • Pine St.
  • Dexter View

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Tories have been punished for their failings in office

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Tories have been punished for their failings in office

Unlock the Editor’s Digest for free

Don’t allow the predictability to underwhelm you. Sir Keir Starmer has led Labour to a monumental victory, upending the UK’s political landscape as voters delivered a punishment beating to the Conservatives. British politics is about to change utterly.

It is a measure of how far the Conservative party has fallen that the predicted 131 seats will almost have felt like a relief. After six excruciating weeks, the worst defeat in its history came in at the higher end of expectations.

The inquests will be brutal but the explanation is devastatingly simple and has little to do with Rishi Sunak’s hopeless campaign. The public responded with disgust and contempt towards a government they associated with incompetence and chaos. Whether the issue was tax, public services or immigration, the party was judged to have failed them.

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Starmer will now be the nation’s dominant political figure. Furthermore, if the exit polls are right, Labour’s landslide will also have shored up the Union by reducing the Scottish National party to a rump in Westminster.

In the campaign, the Labour leader painted his agenda as long-term, talking often of a “decade of renewal”. But the nature of his victory should serve as a warning that he may not enjoy the stability that prime ministers can usually expect after a landslide win and that he may not have that long to show real progress.

This is not to take away from his achievement in returning Labour to electability. The party’s turnaround has been remarkable. But Labour’s share of the vote would not normally deliver a landslide. The scale of his win owes much to a huge split on the right and, most of all, to the desire to be rid of the outgoing Conservative government.

Yet what will — or should — worry Labour is Nigel Farage’s Reform UK party, which looks set to get a toehold in parliament. More significant is the large number of seats where Reform is likely to be in second place and where, next time, it will be the main challenger to sitting Labour MPs.

This could materially change the nature of the Labour government because there will suddenly be many Labour MPs looking at the threat from the nationalist right in an era where voters are consistently more volatile. This may well check some progressive instincts — a more liberal approach to prisoner releases for example — but it also means Starmer cannot take his decade for granted. He will feel the pressure to move faster to deliver the change, especially on the NHS and public services, that he has loudly but unspecifically promised.

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But while the threat to Labour is long-term, Reform’s vote share poses an immediate existential crisis for the Tories. And Farage will be emboldened to replace, rather than seek a pact with, the Tories.

The Conservatives must decide whether to try to move to reunify the right vote, marginalising Reform by stealing their policies, or whether they have simply been punished for their failings in office and can reclaim support by staying in the centre-right and rebuilding trust as Labour loses popularity. The unfortunate truth for whoever emerges as the next Tory leader is that they need to do both.

But that is for the future. For the first time in more than a decade, the UK has a stable, centre-left government led by an understated but patently serious premier. After the chaos of recent years, it may take some time for everyone to adjust.

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Hunt for the nation's oldest monuments, and prepare to get muddy

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Hunt for the nation's oldest monuments, and prepare to get muddy

D.C.’s east cornerstone, located at the city’s easternmost point, is hidden in a small patch of woods in a residential neighborhood.

Jacob Fenston/For NPR


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Jacob Fenston/For NPR

If you’ve been to Washington, D.C., chances are you paid a visit to some of the city’s many monuments.

You probably didn’t see D.C.’s oldest monuments — even though they are thought to be the first federal monuments anywhere in the country, dating back to the 1790s. But they aren’t on any tourist map, and many are at risk of being destroyed.

The monuments in question are D.C.’s boundary stones. Placed by surveyors more than 200 years ago, they delineated the borders of what would become the young nation’s new capital city. Today, 36 of the original 40 sandstone markers remain, but they’re far outside the downtown areas most visitors see.

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One face of each stone is carved with the year it was set in the ground, either 1791 or 1792.

One face of each stone is carved with the year it was set in the ground, either 1791 or 1792.

Jacob Fenston for NPR


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Jacob Fenston for NPR

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I recently toured all of D.C.’s boundary stones in one day. It took more than 9 hours, crammed in the back of a minivan traversing the wilds of Washington, from the tony mansions along the Potomac River, to a mucky swamp behind the city’s car impound lot.

“It is a long day, and you’ve really got to be into it,” says Stephen Powers, who leads the small tour.

Powers may be the foremost expert on D.C.’s boundary stones and he’s largely responsible for a resurgence of interest in them in recent years. He’s been making these treks each year since 2005. He checks on each stone, and he brings along as many people as he can fit in his vehicle.

A capitol carved out of field and forest

The U.S. Constitution itself authorized the creation of the new nation’s capital — a 10-mile by 10-mile square — and President George Washington selected the exact location. Before any construction could start, surveyors set out through old-growth forests and farmland, manually measuring and marking the official borders. Every mile along the way, they set a boundary stone.

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Now, more than 200 years later, many are unmarked and tough to get to. For example, one is hidden in a bit of overgrown woods wedged between the eight-lane I-295 freeway and the Potomac River.

I’m riding next to Sharon Pitts, a local who lives nearby in Alexandria, Va. She’s having fun on this unusual tour, but it’s a little outside her comfort zone. She says she doesn’t usually spend her Sundays wearing khaki cargo pants and muddy boots.

“Oh, no, no! Church,” she says, laughing. “I’m all dressed up and all that.”

Sharon Pitts on the hunt for the southeast #9 boundary stone, located in a small forest between the Potomac River and I-295.

Sharon Pitts on the hunt for the southeast #9 boundary stone, located in a small forest between the Potomac River and I-295.

Jacob Fenston for NPR


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Jacob Fenston for NPR

Powers pulls his minivan over on the shoulder of I-295 , then guides the group over the guardrail as cars whiz by.

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A short way into the vine-draped trees, we clamber over a broken section of chain-link fence, and then bushwhack through brambles.

Then, we find it: a little, pyramid-shaped stone, about 2 feet tall. It’s pitted, and dotted with lichen, but you can clearly make out the carved numbers: 1792.

The stone is engraved with the word “Maryland” on one side, and “Jurisdiction of the United States” on the other.

“This is one of the earliest representations of the words ‘United States’ carved into stone,” Powers says.

He waves his arms to show where the border runs, dividing Maryland and the District of Columbia.

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For Powers, the boundary stones are a hobby. By day he’s a civil engineer at Metro, D.C.’s public transit agency. In 2005, he got interested in the stones when his second-grade daughter did a school project on them. At the time, before ubiquitous smartphones and GPS-powered maps, he had to spend countless hours tracking down the people who knew how to find each stone. Now, he runs a website with an interactive map and directions to each stone.

Over the centuries, Washington’s boundary stones have been threatened by the elements, in particular water, erosion, and falling trees. A few may have been damaged or gone missing during the Civil War. But in more recent years, there’s been an even bigger threat: the automobile.

On the tour, we pull into a gas station parking lot, and dash across a major intersection. At the spot where a boundary stone should be, there is instead wreckage from a car crash — twisted pieces of metal and yellow caution tape fluttering in the breeze.

Powers was one of the first people on the scene after the crash happened a few days earlier. He found the boundary stone intact, but covered with smashed car parts, including the Maryland license plate from the vehicle involved — a detail that may help police track down the culprit.

District officials later retrieved the stone. They’re still figuring out how to reinstall it to prevent further damage.

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Powers heard about the crash from Janet McFarland with the D.C. chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The group has been helping look after the boundary stones for more than a century, and McFarland was on her way to a cleanup of one of the boundary stones when she spotted the one that had been hit and alerted Powers.

“Cars right now are our biggest enemy,” says McFarland.

The boundary stones used to be in the middle of nowhere. In the 1700s, Washington, D.C. was just an idea — an imagined street grid of grand avenues and squares to be built over what was then a rural landscape at the confluence of two rivers.

As Washington’s population grew, the stones were swallowed up by the city. Now, one is on the unnaturally verdant lawn of a self-storage business, one is next to a strip mall parking lot, one is in a cemetery. Many are along busy roads.

On the tour, we see at least three that have been hit by cars over the years.

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A bit of history in a suburban yard

Many boundary stones are in people’s yards. Rosa García has one in front of her bungalow. Her house is in Mt. Rainier, Md., but the sidewalk and street are in D.C.

When I call out to her, she’s not surprised to have a stranger at her front gate.

“Plenty of people come by,” she tells me in Spanish. They stop, takes pictures.

She doesn’t mind all the attention to the unusual lawn ornament. “Pues, es historia,” she says. It’s history.

Over the years there have been surges of interest in the boundary stones. They were almost completely forgotten for the first century of their existence, before being surveyed again in 1894.

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Powers says there have been many people before him who’ve been fascinated by, even obsessed with, the boundary stones.

“I like to call them stoners,” Powers says. “I walk in their footprints.”

There have been efforts to elevate the status of the stones, and better preserve them. In the 1980s there was an unsuccessful push to turn all of them into National Historic Landmarks, a move that would open the door to federal funding.

There has been some government investment: in 2015, D.C. led a project to restore the stones, digging up, repairing, and resetting them. For the four stones that were missing, concrete replicas were made.

A few of the stones have informational signs, but most don’t. Powers says that’s not necessarily a bad thing.

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“I have mixed emotions about that. There are some that I really feel should be more accessible,” he says.

Others, he says, are probably better off hidden — protected by their obscurity, and more fun to visit.

We finally come to the end of the tour, at the western corner stone. We’ve gone 57.8 miles, circumnavigating the city and getting a 360-degree view of life in modern-day Washington. We drove through neighborhoods that are home to Supreme Court justices and cabinet secretaries; we stopped for coffee in a vibrant community of Ethiopian immigrants; we wolfed down a packed lunch behind a dusty concrete plant.

“You get the diversity of it all,” Powers says.

As the minivan pulls to a stop, Sharon Pitts records the time — it’s 9 hours, 33 minutes after we started.

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“This has been such a wonderful day,” Pitts says.

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