ABERCROMBIE — Long before lumber yards, Germans from Russia built their North Dakota homes from the prairie itself — clay, stone, straw and even manure — and a strong turnout heard how July 12, at Fort Abercrombie State Historic Site’s latest ND250 commemoration program.

Wyatt Atchley, an education coordinator with NDSU Libraries’ Department of Special Collections, traced the group’s journey from German lands to the Black Sea region and finally to the Dakotas, where their descendants now make up an estimated 30% to 40% of North Dakota’s population.

Fleeing war, taxes and religious suppression, Germans first settled in Russia under Catherine the Great’s 1763 invitation, Atchley said. The Black Sea Germans who would later populated the Dakotas came under Alexander I’s 1803 invitation, which promised free land, religious freedom, cultural autonomy and exemption from military conscription — promises made “in perpetuity.”

Russia revoked those promises in the late 1800s, requiring military service beginning in 1874 and restricting the German language. Between 1873 and 1914, more than 100,000 Germans from Russia emigrated to the United States, settling heavily in the “German-Russian Triangle” of central and southern North Dakota. Those who stayed behind saw their communities destroyed by Soviet collectivization and World War II.

Arriving on a treeless prairie much like the steppe they had left, the settlers used vernacular architecture — homes built by nonprofessionals from local earthen materials using puddled clay, rammed earth, adobe brick, and stacked or cut stone, Atchley said. He emphasized they did not build sod houses, a method associated with Norwegian settlers, because Germans from Russia brought generations of earthen-building experience with them.

Many of the homesteads survive in the Father William Sherman collection at NDSU, roughly 13,000 photographs and documents gathered in the 1970s that form one of the largest homestead collections in the country.

Site supervisor Lenny Krueger said the free program drew visitors from as far as Fargo and Delaware.

“We’re always learning something new about North Dakota, even as the staff here,” Krueger said.

Manisha Reddy is a reporter for the Wahpeton Daily News and Richland County News Monitor. Manisha can be reached by calling (701) 291-3581 or emailing manisha.reddy@wahpetondailynews.com.

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Funeral service for Carmen Tweeten, 90, of Albuquerque, NM, formerly of Dickinson, will be 10:00 am, July 23, 2026 at Stevenson Funeral Home, Dickinson with Pastor Konrad Tweeten officiating. Burial will follow to Dickinson Cemetery. Visitation will take place one hour prior to the service. Carmen passed away July 8, 2026. Carmen Wayne Tweeten was born on February 4, 1936, in Grand Forks, North Dakota, the son of Tillman and Minerva (Dahl) Tweeten. He grew up in Grand Forks and Dickinson, North Dakota, graduating from Central High School in Dickinson in 1954. He married Henrietta Oukrop on June 13, 1954, in Dickinson. They celebrated their 72nd wedding anniversary this year. In February of 1955, they welcomed their only child, a boy whom they named Konrad (Kon). Carmen graduated from Dickinson State College and then taught Junior High Science in Glendive, Montana. He graduated from Worsham College of Mortuary Science in Chicago, Illinois, with the highest­ grade point average in the school’s history (as of 2012 it was still not surpassed). Carmen worked at Silvernale Funeral Home in Glendive until moving to Echo, Minnesota in 1960 where he managed Sunset Funeral Home until 1978. In 1974, Carmen gave his life to Jesus Christ and began to teach Bible studies in the Echo area. He filled many pulpits for vacationing pastors and churches who were in between pastors. He also held revival meetings in western North Dakota. In 1978, he and his wife, Henrietta, moved to Dickinson, North Dakota, where they owned and operated Tweeten Funeral Homes in Dickinson and Bowman, North Dakota. In November of 1984, Carmen and Henrietta relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico where they lived for the past 42 years. Carmen worked at French Mortuary as both a funeral director and then as a pre-need funeral planner. He also worked for Monumental Life Insurance Company in Baltimore, Maryland, as a trainer and conference speaker. He retired in 1998 in Albuquerque where he and Henrietta continued to enjoy each other until his death at home on July 8, 2026. He is survived by his wife, Henrietta; his son, Kon (Connie) Tweeten of Albuquerque; three granddaughters, LaChae Webster of Oklahoma City OK, Kristy (Brian) Sterling of Wylie, Texas, and Yvette (Joshua) Smith of Dayton OH; fourteen great grandchildren, and nine great, great grandchildren; one brother, Dennis of The Villages Fl; one brother-in-law, Daniel (Kathy) Oukrop of Bismarck ND and many nieces, nephews, cousins and a multitude of friends. He was preceded in death by his parents, Tillman and Minerva Tweeten and Harry and Amy Oukrop, two brothers, two sisters, and one grandson. Remembrances and condolences can be shared at www.stevensonfuneralhome.com.