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How 3 Hawaiian teen princes brought surfing to the mainland

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How 3 Hawaiian teen princes brought surfing to the mainland

In 1885, royal Hawaiian siblings David Kawānanakoa, Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole and Edward Keliʻiahonui introduced surfing — then called “surfboard swimming” — to mainland U.S. when they took to the waves in Santa Cruz, Calif.

Santa Cruz Museum of Art & History


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Santa Cruz Museum of Art & History

The mouth of the San Lorenzo river in Santa Cruz, Calif., isn’t a great place to surf. Rocks, pollution and swift currents make it precarious almost year-round. But before the construction of a harbor in the mid-1960s altered the surroundings, the spot was a surfer’s paradise, with easy, consistent swells. “They looked very much like the breakers in Honolulu,” said cultural historian and longtime surfer Geoffrey Dunn.

Dunn said this reminder of home is what inspired three teenage members of the Hawaiian royal family, in 1885, to unleash a sport then known as “surfboard swimming” on an unsuspecting American public. “It was a royal sport,” Dunn said. “They were part of that tradition in Honolulu.”

A popular sport with little-known roots

Surfing has grown in popularity in this country in recent years. The Sports & Fitness Industry Association’s (SFIA) 2025 surfing report shows an 8% average annual growth from 2019 to 2024. “Participation in the sport continues to climb, fueled by youthful energy, broader diversity and a growing appetite for outdoor, wellness-driven lifestyles,” said an online statement from the Surf Industry Members Association, quoting the SFIA’s research.

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But few Americans know how the sport first came to these shores 140 years ago. A new exhibition at the Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History aims to change that. “ I think it’s important for us to recognize that the seed of surfing in the Americas was the result of these Hawaiians who brought it here,” Dunn said.

A view of the Santa Cruz shoreline c.1900.

A view of the Santa Cruz shoreline c. 1900.

Aydelotte/The Geoffrey Dunn Collection


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Aydelotte/The Geoffrey Dunn Collection

Dunn said Hawaii’s royal family sent siblings David Kawānanakoa, Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole and Edward Keliʻiahonui to study abroad at St. Matthew’s Military School, an elite school in San Mateo County, not far from Santa Cruz, with the aim of preparing them to be worldly and well-informed modern rulers. “As part of the globalization of trade in the 19th century, people came from all over the world to Hawaii,” Dunn said.

From Hawaiian to Californian wood

The brothers had grown up riding the waves atop giant surfboards made out of native Hawaiian woods such as ulu and koa. In California, they fashioned them out of the local redwood. Dunn pointed out gleaming replicas of these artifacts, on display in the exhibition, alongside surfboards illustrating the evolution of the spot throughout history. (The reproductions are based on originals from the estate of one of the princes, which are now housed at the Bishop Museum on Oahu.)

Cultural historian and surfer Geoffrey Dunn poses in front of modern reproductions of the redwood boards the Hawaiian princes built and used during the stay in Santa Cruz, Calif.

Cultural historian and surfer Geoffrey Dunn poses at the Santa Cruz Museum of Art & History in front of modern reproductions of the redwood boards the Hawaiian princes built and used during the stay in the 1880s.

Jim Ratcliffe

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“ They probably weigh eight times more than current surfboards at least,” Dunn said, adding the princes’ boards were twice as long and didn’t have fins to help with stabilization. “So much tougher to surf. But of course, that’s what they had been using in Hawaii.”

A big splash

In California, the royal brothers made a big splash. An article from the July 20, 1885 edition of a local newspaper, the Santa Cruz Surf, told all about it. “The young Hawaiian princes were in the water, enjoying it hugely and giving interesting exhibitions of surfboard swimming as practiced in their native islands,” the article said.

These aquatic feats left a lasting impression on the citizens of Santa Cruz following the princes’ departure, which likely happened in 1887, according to the Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History. Eleven years after they first demonstrated their art, the Santa Cruz Surf noted how it had been picked up by locals. “The boys who go swimming in the surf at Seabright Beach use surfboards to ride the breakers, like the Hawaiians,” a July 23, 1896 notice in the publication stated. (Seabright Beach is a popular beach in Santa Cruz.)

Hawaiian response

The princes’ acts of “surf diplomacy” also resonated with Hawaiians.

“The story about the three princes is a famous story in our culture,” said Brian Keaulana. Keaulana comes from a line of legendary Hawaiian surfers, and is also a producer on Chief of War, the Apple TV+ new drama series about the battle to unite the Hawaiian islands in the 18th century. (The series, which stars Jason Momoa, includes royal Hawaiian characters, but it doesn’t include surfing — though one episode features an epic underwater “shark surfing” scene.)

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The Princes of Surf exhibition includes surfboards from more modern times — the heirs of the boards created by the Hawaiian princes.

The Princes of Surf exhibition includes surfboards from more modern times — the heirs of the boards created by the Hawaiian princes.

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Keaulana said it wasn’t until the early 20th century the sport truly caught on in the U.S. and beyond, popularized in large part by the Hawaiian swimming champ and surfer Duke Kahanamoku. “Duke spread surfing around the world,” Keaulana said.

He added the Hawaiian princes’ visit to California in the 1880s was an important precursor — one that not only benefitted people on the U.S. mainland, but Hawaiians, too.

“They came back with redwood boards,” Keaulana said, adding that the new technology eventually caught on in Hawaii when redwood became the dominant surfboard material on the islands in the first half of the 20th century. Keaulana added: “ It’s funny how those things get passed on.”

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Mundane, magic, maybe both — a new book explores ‘The Writer’s Room’

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Mundane, magic, maybe both — a new book explores ‘The Writer’s Room’

There’s a three-story house in Baltimore that looks a bit imposing. You walk up the stone steps before even getting up to the porch, and then you enter the door and you’re greeted with a glass case of literary awards. It’s The Clifton House, formerly home of Lucille Clifton.

The National Book Award-winning poet lived there with her husband, Fred, starting in 1967 until the bank foreclosed on the house in 1980. Clifton’s daughter, Sidney Clifton, has since revived the house and turned it into a cultural hub, hosting artists, readings, workshops and more. But even during a February visit, in the mid-afternoon with no organized events on, the house feels full.

The corner of Lucille Clifton's bedroom, where she would wake up and write in the mornings

The corner of Lucille Clifton’s bedroom, where she would wake up and write in the mornings

Andrew Limbong/NPR


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“There’s a presence here,” Clifton House Executive Director Joël Díaz told me. “There’s a presence here that sits at attention.”

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Sometimes, rooms where famous writers worked can be places of ineffable magic. Other times, they can just be rooms.

The Writer’s Room: The Hidden Worlds That Shape the Books We Love

Princeton University Press

Katie da Cunha Lewin is the author of the new book, The Writer’s Room: The Hidden Worlds That Shape the Books We Love, which explores the appeal of these rooms. Lewin is a big Virginia Woolf fan, and the very first place Lewin visited working on the book was Monk’s House — Woolf’s summer home in Sussex, England. On the way there, there were dreams of seeing Woolf’s desk, of retracing Woolf’s steps and imagining what her creative process would feel like. It turned out to be a bit of a disappointment for Lewin — everything interesting was behind glass, she said. Still, in the book Lewin writes about how she took a picture of the room and saved it on her phone, going back to check it and re-check it, “in the hope it would allow me some of its magic.”

Let’s be real, writing is a little boring. Unlike a band on fire in the recording studio, or a painter possessed in their studio, the visual image of a writer sitting at a desk click-clacking away at a keyboard or scribbling on a piece of paper isn’t particularly exciting. And yet, the myth of the writer’s room continues to enrapture us. You can head to Massachusetts to see where Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women. Or go down to Florida to visit the home of Zora Neale Hurston. Or book a stay at the Scott & Zelda Fitzgerald Museum in Alabama, where the famous couple lived for a time. But what, exactly, is the draw?

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Lewin said in an interview that whenever she was at a book event or an author reading, an audience question about the writer’s writing space came up. And yes, some of this is basic fan-driven curiosity. But also “it started to occur to me that it was a central mystery about writing, as if writing is a magic thing that just happens rather than actually labor,” she said.

In a lot of ways, the book is a debunking of the myths we’re presented about writers in their rooms. She writes about the types of writers who couldn’t lock themselves in an office for hours on end, and instead had to find moments in-between to work on their art. She covers the writers who make a big show of their rooms, as a way to seem more writerly. She writes about writers who have had their homes and rooms preserved, versus the ones whose rooms have been lost to time and new real estate developments. The central argument of the book is that there is no magic formula to writing — that there is no daily to-do list to follow, no just-right office chair to buy in order to become a writer. You just have to write.

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Bruce Johnston Retiring From The Beach Boys After 61 Years

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Bruce Johnston Retiring From The Beach Boys After 61 Years

Bruce Johnston
I’m Riding My Last Wave With The Beach Boys

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On the brink of death, a woman is saved by a stranger and his family

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On the brink of death, a woman is saved by a stranger and his family

In 1982, Jean Muenchrath was injured in a mountaineering accident and on the brink of death when a stranger and his family went out of their way to save her life.

Jean Muenchrath


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Jean Muenchrath

In early May 1982, Jean Muenchrath and her boyfriend set out on a mountaineering trip in the Sierra Nevada, a mountain range in California. They had done many backcountry trips in the area before, so the terrain was somewhat familiar to both of them. But after they reached one of the summits, a violent storm swept in. It began to snow heavily, and soon the pair was engulfed in a blizzard, with thunder and lightning reverberating around them.

“Getting struck and killed by lightning was a real possibility since we were the highest thing around for miles and lightning was striking all around us,” Muenchrath said.

To reach safer ground, they decided to abandon their plan of taking a trail back. Instead, using their ice axes, they climbed down the face of the mountain through steep and icy snow chutes.

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They were both skilled at this type of descent, but at one particularly difficult part of the route, Muenchrath slipped and tumbled over 100 feet down the rocky mountain face. She barely survived the fall and suffered life-threatening injuries.

This was before cellular or satellite phones, so calling for help wasn’t an option. The couple was forced to hike through deep snow back to the trailhead. Once they arrived, Muenchrath collapsed in the parking lot. It had been five days since she’d fallen.

 ”My clothes were bloody. I had multiple fractures in my spine and pelvis, a head injury and gangrene from a deep wound,” Muenchrath said.

Not long after they reached the trailhead parking lot, a car pulled in. A man was driving, with his wife in the passenger seat and their baby in the back. As soon as the man saw Muenchrath’s condition, he ran over to help.

 ”He gently stroked my head, and he held my face [and] reassured me by saying something like, ‘You’re going to be OK now. I’ll be right back to get you,’” Muenchrath remembered.

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For the first time in days, her panic began to lift.

“My unsung hero gave me hope that I’d reach a hospital and I’d survive. He took away my fears.”

Within a few minutes, the man had unpacked his car. His wife agreed to stay back in the parking lot with their baby in order to make room for Muenchrath, her boyfriend and their backpacks.

The man drove them to a nearby town so that the couple could get medical treatment.

“I remember looking into the eyes of my unsung hero as he carried me into the emergency room in Lone Pine, California. I was so weak, I couldn’t find the words to express the gratitude I felt in my heart.”

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The gratitude she felt that day only grew. Now, nearly 45 years later, she still thinks about the man and his family.

 ”He gave me the gift of allowing me to live my life and my dreams,” Muenchrath said.

At some point along the way, the man gave Muenchrath his contact information. But in the chaos of the day, she lost it and has never been able to find him.

 ”If I knew where my unsung hero was today, I would fly across the country to meet him again. I’d hug him, buy him a meal and tell him how much he continues to mean to me by saving my life. Wherever you are, I say thank you from the depths of my being.”

My Unsung Hero is also a podcast — new episodes are released every Tuesday. To share the story of your unsung hero with the Hidden Brain team, record a voice memo on your phone and send it to myunsunghero@hiddenbrain.org.

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