A panel of judges has ruled that it is impossible to determine which of two identical twins fathered a woman’s baby.

The child (referred to as “P”), who was conceived in 2017, is now 8 years old, according to court documents.

The U.K. woman, who was only identified as “the mother,” reportedly engaged in sexual relations with the identical twins just four days apart.

MALE FERTILITY RATES CRASH AS DOCTORS REVEAL HEALTH THREATS: ‘SOMETHING VERY WRONG’

She remained in a relationship with one twin, who was named on the birth certificate and initially acted as the legal father, the filing stated. When the relationship ended, it triggered a legal dispute.

The mother and the twin who is not listed on the birth certificate brought the case, seeking to overturn an earlier ruling and have him legally recognized as the child’s father, the document detailed.

The Court of Appeals ruled that legal paternity rights are only granted to a genetic father. While DNA testing shows a 50/50 chance for each twin to be the father, there is no definitive answer.

“Currently, the truth of P’s paternity is that their father is one or other of these two identical twins, but it is not possible to say which,” stated Lord Justice Moylan in the Court of Appeal ruling.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE HEALTH STORIES

Moylan added that the child’s paternity “is binary and not a single man,” highlighting the legal uncertainty created by the case.

Since neither twin can prove he is the biological father, neither can be given legal parental responsibility, the court declared.

The case is significant because it ​​reveals a limit of DNA evidence, which is the foundation of many legal cases.

“Identical twins share the same genetic DNA code. While, over time, there are subtle changes to patterns around the DNA that would allow matching in some circumstances for adults’ cells, these markers are significantly degraded at the time of fertilization — making it not practical with current technology to assign paternity to identical twin brothers,” Paul Brezina, physician and fertility expert at Fertility Associates of Memphis, an Ivy Fertility Center, told Fox News Digital.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

In addition to medical questions, this situation could have an emotional impact on the parents and child, noted Brezina, who was not involved in the case.

“Support for the patient and the child through counseling and their medical professionals is vital moving forward,” he advised. 

Identical twins have long presented a challenge in DNA testing, previous medical research has shown. 

Monozygotic (identical) twins share virtually identical genetic profiles, including the markers used in standard paternity tests, meaning they “cannot be differentiated using standard DNA testing,” according to a study published in Forensic Science International: Genetics.

CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR OUR HEALTH NEWSLETTER

There are more advanced methods, such as whole genome sequencing, that can detect some rare genetic mutations among twins, but researchers say these techniques are complex, expensive and not commonly used in legal cases.

TEST YOURSELF WITH OUR LATEST LIFESTYLE QUIZ

A study published in PLOS Genetics confirms that distinguishing between identical twins’ DNA requires highly specialized analysis that goes beyond standard forensic testing.

The rise of GLP-1s (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) has introduced new approaches to both weight loss and overall metabolic health.

Some users have found that microdosing, or taking the drug in small amounts, achieves the best health outcomes, but some experts warn against it.

In a previous interview with Fox News Digital, Dr. Terry Dubrow, a plastic surgeon and TV personality based in Newport Beach, California, recommended that everyone takes a low daily dose, even if they don’t need to lose weight.

DOCTOR REVEALS SECRETS TO LASTING WEIGHT LOSS WITHOUT COUNTING CALORIES

“I am obsessed with the concept of microdosing,” he said. “I think maybe half the starting dose for diabetes is the way to go — and you probably don’t need it every seven days, it’s probably every 10 days, just to sort of modulate the amount of sugar in the blood.”

The approach has gained popularity on social media, as influencers and self-proclaimed “health gurus” have promoted it even for people without diabetes or obesity.

In a recent episode of the Full Send podcast, Bryan Johnson, a venture capitalist and online creator who aims to reverse aging and extend human lifespan, shared that he microdoses Ozempic.

WHY MICRODOSING OZEMPIC COULD BECOME AS COMMON AS TAKING A MULTIVITAMIN

“There are some side effects. For example, the dose I’m on raises my resting heart rate by two or three beats, which is a big deal for me, but the benefits are great,” he said.

“GLP-1s are the first legit longevity drug,” he went on. “It’s an amazing drug … There’s just nothing that rivals its efficacy.”

Johnson suggested that a future where most people are microdosing GLP-1s is “not too far off.”

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

“I am as healthy as a person can be, and I still benefit from GLP-1s,” he said. “It has other metabolic effects, it has good neuroprotective effects.”

Despite these claims, some weight-loss experts find this approach to be not only more costly, but also less effective.

Dr. Andre Teixeira, a bariatric surgeon with the Orlando Health Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery Institute, told Fox News Digital that microdosing is “truly dependent” on the individual.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE HEALTH STORIES

“The concern is there is no true protocol for it,” he said. “We do not do microdosing at our practice.”

While some people may think microdosing is cheaper, the doctor claims it can be “more expensive in the long run.”

CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR OUR HEALTH NEWSLETTER

“[That’s] because you’re adjusting the dose and then not getting the full benefits of the medication,” he said. “I see people who get frustrated that they are not achieving the weight-loss goal they were hoping for because they are spreading out their doses.”

“The risk is that you’re not only playing with the potential benefits, but you’re also playing with the side effects, like nausea and vomiting.”

The expert recommends working closely with a healthcare provider before starting a GLP-1. “I do not encourage microdosing on your own,” he added.

TEST YOURSELF WITH OUR LATEST LIFESTYLE QUIZ

Fox News Digital reached out to GLP-1 drugmakers Novo Nordisk and Lilly for comment. 

Fox News Digital’s Melissa Rudy contributed to this report.

High-dose vitamin B3 (niacin) may enhance immune activity and improve short-term disease control in glioblastoma when added to standard therapy, according to early preclinical studies.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive, fast-growing brain cancer that develops from cells in the brain and spinal cord.

In previous laboratory experiments in mice, niacin was shown to extend survival. Researchers at the University of Calgary aimed to determine whether that same benefit extended to humans.

COMMON BLOOD PRESSURE PILL COULD MAKE CERTAIN CANCER TREATMENTS MORE POWERFUL

The trials included 24 patients with glioblastoma, which has a median survival of roughly 12 to 18 months. 

Six months after receiving niacin in addition to standard treatments (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy), 82% of the patients showed no disease progression, compared to the typical 54%, according to the study’s press release.

Niacin was also found to restore function in weakened immune cells, improving their ability to target and destroy tumor cells.

The findings, including the 28% improvement in disease progression, were published in the Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE HEALTH STORIES

“Normally, the immune system will try to counter and prevent tumor growth; however, this brain cancer suppresses the immune system,” said study author Dr. Wee Yong, PhD, a neuroscientist who studies immune responses in the brain, in the release. “Niacin treatment rejuvenates immune cells so they can do what they are supposed to do: attack and kill the cancer cells. I see it as an ongoing ‘battle for the brain.’”

Looking ahead, the team plans to enroll an additional 24 patients by the end of 2026 or early 2027 for the next phase of the trial, which will assess niacin’s safety and immune system activation.

Dr. Marc Siegel, Fox News senior medical analyst, noted that previous research has shown that vitamin B3 decreases inflammation and bolsters immune function.

“Vitamins, including vitamin B vitamins (especially niacin), are underrecognized as immune boosters,” the doctor, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.

CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR OUR HEALTH NEWSLETTER

Cautions and limitations

Despite the promising early results, the researchers urged caution.

“Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain cancer in adults. Survival of patients with this condition hasn’t changed significantly for 20 years,” said lead study author Roldan Urgoiti, a clinical associate professor at the CSM, in the release. “Anything that may help should be explored, but it requires strict protocols and safety monitoring.”

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

The study’s small sample size, short follow-up and lack of a randomized control group also posed limitations, the researchers acknowledged.

Larger, controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings, they said.

The researchers also cautioned that high doses of vitamins can pose health risks, and that usage should be monitored by doctors.

TEST YOURSELF WITH OUR LATEST LIFESTYLE QUIZ

Siegel agreed that niacin does have some side effects, including skin blushing.

“There probably will end up being a small impact here, so this is useful information, though clearly not a cure,” he added.