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What to know about Legionnaires’ disease, the lung infection reported in New Hampshire

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What to know about Legionnaires’ disease, the lung infection reported in New Hampshire

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Five people in downtown Lincoln, New Hampshire, have been diagnosed with Legionnaires’ disease.

The New Hampshire Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) announced the news in an Aug. 12 press release.

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It is likely that the five affected individuals were exposed to contaminated water droplets from a cooling tower behind the RiverWalk Resort, the release stated, as tests confirmed the presence of Legionella bacteria in the water.

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“Anybody who has visited the area near the contaminated cooling tower should monitor themselves for symptoms,” said Dr. Benjamin Chan, New Hampshire state epidemiologist, in the release. 

“People who develop fever or other symptoms of pneumonia within 14 days after spending time in this area should talk to their health care provider about testing for Legionella infection.”

People who have certain symptoms — as noted in this article — should seek medical attention immediately, the CDC advises. (iStock)

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Those who are within a half-mile of the cooling tower could be at risk of exposure, the DHHS warned.

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Fox News Digital reached out to the DHHS for comment.

What is Legionnaires’ disease?

Legionnaires’ disease is a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. 

The bacteria is usually found in lakes, streams and other freshwater environments.

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However, it can grow and spread indoors via shower heads, sink faucets, hot tubs, water features/fountains, plumbing systems and other water systems, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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When people swallow or breathe in droplets of water that contain Legionella, they can potentially become ill with Legionnaires’ disease.

Although human transmission is possible in rare cases, the disease is not typically spread from person to person, per the CDC.

Legionella bacteria

Legionnaires’ disease is a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria.  (iStock)

“Individuals at highest risk include smokers and those with coexisting pulmonary disease,” Dr. Nathan Goodyear, medical director of Brio-Medical in Arizona, told Fox News Digital. 

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“Other risk factors,” he said, “include advancing age, cardiovascular disease, obesity and compromised immune systems.”

Symptoms of the infection

Symptoms of Legionnaires’ disease usually show up between two and 14 days after exposure. 

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The signs are similar to other types of pneumonia, and include the following:

  • Cough
  • Fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Muscle aches and headaches

Some patients may also experience nausea, diarrhea and confusion, the CDC noted. 

Senior in hospital

Individuals at highest risk for Legionnaires’ disease include smokers and those with coexisting pulmonary disease, a doctor told Fox News Digital. (iStock)

“The nature of the symptoms is not necessarily what differentiate Legionella from other causes, but history of exposure from ‘human-made reservoirs,’ though this may be hard to discern early on in infection and/or in an outbreak,” said Goodyear.

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“Cancer is also a comorbidity of Legionnaires’ disease,” the doctor added.

Those who have any of these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately, the CDC advises.

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease is made via chest X-ray, urine test and lab analysis of a phlegm sample.

Most people with the disease will recover with a course of antibiotics.

In some patients, however, serious illness can lead to lung failure or death, per the CDC.

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Around 10% of people who contract Legionnaires’ disease will die from those complications — and the mortality risk rises to 25% for those who get Legionnaires’ while staying in a health care facility, according to the CDC.

“Treatment needs to be early and aggressive,” Goodyear told Fox News Digital. “Legionella infection is an intracellular infection that requires antibiotic treatment.”

Bacterial pneumonia

A diagnosis of Legionnaires’ disease is made via chest X-ray, urine test and lab analysis of a phlegm sample. (iStock)

Antibiotics that are appropriate for Legionella infection include Levofloxacin and Azithromycin. 

“Therapy can be prescribed orally in healthy individuals … but intravenous antibiotics often prove to be the initial option for treatment secondary to the pathogenicity of the disease,” Goodyear said.

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Currently, there are no vaccines for the disease. 

The best strategy to prevent infection is to reduce the growth and spread of the Legionella bacteria.

The CDC recommends that building owners and managers use a water management program to reduce the risk.

water in shower

The bacteria that causes Legionnaires’ disease can grow and spread indoors via indoor water systems, the CDC says. (iStock)

To prevent serious illness from Legionnaires’, Goodyear recommends that all smokers kick the habit, and also emphasizes the need to “aggressively support” chronic pulmonary disease.

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“Advancing age is a given in life, and immune dysfunction correlates with advancing age,” added Good year. 

“Increasing immune support (vitamin D3, Vitamin C, Zinc) is required to counter the immune dysfunction associated with advancing age.”

Obesity is another foundational risk factor for all chronic inflammatory diseases, Goodyear noted.

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Words and game of Scrabble keep married couple in wedded bliss for decades

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Words and game of Scrabble keep married couple in wedded bliss for decades

A married couple who have long enjoyed the game of Scrabble both together and separately before they even met are never at a loss for words — and attribute their wedded bliss in part to their love of the nostalgic game.

They’re still playing in tournaments built around the game decades after they began doing so.

Graham Harding and his wife Helen Harding, both in their 60s, have been married for over 20 years.

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They met in the 1990s at Scrabble tournaments, as news agency SWNS reported.

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But it was a “special match” in 2000 that brought the couple together — and has kept them together now.

Graham and Helen Harding on their wedding day. They’ve been playing in Scrabble tournaments for some 30 years.  (Courtesy Graham and Helen Harding via SWNS)

Graham Harding is from the East Berkshire Scrabble Club, while his wife Helen is from the Leicester Scrabble Club in the U.K.

They have been taking part in the UK Open Scrabble Championship in Reading this week.

“The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”

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“Scrabble is all about having a good vocabulary,” said Graham Harding, SWNS noted.

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“But it is a Scrabble vocabulary — not necessarily everyday English.”

Added Helen Harding, “The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”

Graham and Helen Harding at their wedding.

Graham and Helen Harding’s wedding cake. They bonded over their love of Scrabble – and are still playing in tournaments together.  (Courtesy Graham and Helen Harding via SWNS)

The couple said they were “vague acquaintances” for about five years after they first met.

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Then they got together after a special match in Swindon.

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They maintained a long-distance relationship before they got married in 2004.

The couple even brought their Scrabble board to their wedding. 

Graham and Helen Harding at their wedding.

The couple likely have played thousands of games between them.  (Courtesy Graham and Helen Harding via SWNS)

It featured a message with Scrabble pieces that said, “Congratulations on your wedding day” — while their wedding cake said, in Scrabble letters, “Helen and Graham.”

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They each took up the hobby early in life well before they met each other. 

The tournament that’s been taking place this week is the first since the COVID pandemic after a five-year break — and the couple has played some two dozen games in it as of Friday, SWNS reported. 

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Deep sleep can keep two big health problems at bay, new studies suggest

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Deep sleep can keep two big health problems at bay, new studies suggest

It might be worth working a little bit harder to get that much-desired, but often elusive, good night’s sleep.

Deep sleep clears the mind of waste just as a “dishwasher” cleans dirty plates and glasses, just-published research suggests — and there’s more.

The findings also offer insights into how sleeping pills may disrupt the “brainwashing” system — potentially affecting cognitive function for people over the long run.

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Study senior author professor Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester and the University of Copenhagen said norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter and hormone) triggers blood vessels to contract — generating slow pulsations that create a rhythmic flow in the surrounding fluid to carry away waste, news agency SWNS noted.

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Said Nedergaard, “It’s like turning on the dishwasher before you go to bed and waking up with a clean brain. . . . We’re essentially asking what drives this process and trying to define restorative sleep based on” this “glymphatic clearance.”

“It’s like turning on the dishwasher before you go to bed and waking up with a clean brain.” (iStock)

The brain has a built-in waste removal process – the glymphatic system – that circulates fluid in the brain and spinal cord to clear out waste, according to the scientists. 

The process helps remove toxic proteins that form sticky plaques linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

But the scientists indicated that what drives the system was unclear until now, according to the study.

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Is all sleep created equal? The researchers wanted to find out.

To find clues, Nedergaard and her team looked into what happens in mice when their brains sleep, as SWNS reported of the study. The team focused on the relationship between norepinephrine and blood flow during deep sleep.

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They found that norepinephrine waves correlate to variations in brain blood volume — suggesting that norepinephrine triggers a rhythmic pulsation in the blood vessels. The researchers then compared the changes in blood volume to brain fluid flow.

The brain fluid flow fluctuates in correspondence to blood volume changes, suggesting the vessels act as pumps to propel the surrounding brain fluid to flush out waste.

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Senior couple sleeping

During deep sleep, toxic proteins that form sticky plaques linked to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease are removed, scientists say in a new study.  (iStock)

Natalie Hauglund of the University of Copenhagen and the University of Oxford, the study’s lead author, said, “You can view norepinephrine as [the] conductor of an orchestra.” 

She added, “There’s a harmony in the constriction and dilation of the arteries, which then drives the cerebrospinal fluid through the brain to remove the waste products.”  

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Hauglund said she wanted to understand whether all sleep is created equal. 

To find out, the research team administered zolpidem, a common drug to aid sleep, to mice.

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“If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.” 

They found that the norepinephrine waves during deep sleep were 50% lower in zolpidem-treated mice than in naturally sleeping mice. 

Although the zolpidem-treated mice fell asleep more quickly — fluid transport into the brain dropped more than 30%, as SWNS reported.

man sleeps in bed

Two new studies indicate the importance of getting a good night’s sleep — with one study saying a lack of sleep may be sabotaging the brain’s ability to keep intrusive thoughts at bay. (iStock)

The researchers say their findings, published in the journal Cell, suggest that the sleeping aid may disrupt the norepinephrine-driven waste clearance during sleep.

Hauglund said, “More and more people are using sleep medication, and it’s really important to know if that’s healthy sleep. If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.” 

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The research team said the findings likely apply to humans, who also have a glymphatic system, although it requires further testing.

Nedergaard added, “Now we know norepinephrine is driving the cleaning of the brain, we may figure out how to get people a long and restorative sleep.”

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health

Meanwhile, a lack of sleep may be doing more damage than just making people groggy.

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It could be sabotaging the brain’s ability to keep intrusive thoughts at bay.

young woman asleep

Anyone who suffers from sleep deprivation may find that the brain’s defense against unwanted memories is weakened, say experts. (iStock)

Another new study, this one published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that sleep deprivation weakens the brain’s defense against unwanted memories, allowing them to flood the mind, according to the New York Post. 

“We show that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal inhibition of memory retrieval, and that the overnight restoration of this inhibitory mechanism is associated with time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,” the scientists said.

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How Kathy Bates Lost 100 Lbs—Plus Her Tips for Sustainable Weight Loss

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How Kathy Bates Lost 100 Lbs—Plus Her Tips for Sustainable Weight Loss


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