Health
Mother frantic to save clinical trial that could cure her daughter: ‘The treatment is sitting in a fridge'
A rare, fatal disease called SPG50 affects fewer than 100 people in the world — and one of them is Naomi Lockard, a 3-year-old in Colorado.
An experimental genetic therapy has shown promise in stopping the disease’s progression — but it is far too expensive for most families to afford.
Rebekah Lockard, the girl’s mother, is on a mission to raise the funds needed to save her daughter’s life.
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Spastic paraplegia 50 (SPG50) is a neurological disorder that affects a child’s development, gradually leading to cognitive impairment, muscle weakness, speech impairment and paralysis, according to the National Organization for Rare Disorders.
Most people with the disease will die by the time they reach their 20s.
A rare, fatal disease called SPG50 affects fewer than 100 people in the world — and one of them is Naomi Lockard, a 3-year-old in Colorado (pictured at right and with her family at left). (Rebekah Lockard)
When Naomi Lockard was born in 2017, her parents immediately noticed some developmental delays.
By around six months, when she still “wasn’t really moving,” Lockard said, they started the baby in physical therapy, which didn’t help.
Eventually, an MRI and full genetic testing panel revealed the shocking diagnosis of SPG50.
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At the time, Lockard was just a month away from giving birth to her second child — which added another element of fear given that the condition is genetic.
“My husband and I each have one healthy copy of this gene, but we each have one mutated copy,” she told Fox News Digital in a phone interview.
“Naomi got both mutated copies, and there was a 25% chance that Jack would also get both mutated copies,” Lockard, pictured with her family, told Fox News Digital. (Rebekah Lockard)
“Naomi got both mutated copies, and there was a 25% chance that Jack (the second baby) would also get both mutated copies.”
“It was a lot of panic at first, a lot of tears, because it’s a horrible condition,” Lockard said.
A few weeks later, after Lockard gave birth, another round of genetic testing revealed the family’s worst fear: Baby Jack also had SPG50.
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“Children with SPG50 may experience early developmental delays, muscle weakness, and spasticity, but they continue to strive and adapt,” Dr. Eve Elizabeth Penney, an epidemiologist at the Texas Department of State Health Services and medical contributor for Drugwatch, told Fox News Digital.
Fewer than 100 people in the world are known to have SPG50.
“Over time, these symptoms can worsen, making it hard for affected individuals to walk and perform daily activities,” added Penney, who was not involved in the Lockard children’s care.
“The prognosis varies from person to person, but it’s generally a progressive condition, meaning symptoms can become more severe over time.”
A glimmer of hope
There is currently no FDA-approved treatment for SPG50, but the Lockards found hope when they enrolled in a clinical trial for an experimental gene therapy that was started by another parent, Terry Pirovolakis.
“It’s kind of like a transplant for genes,” Lockard told Fox News Digital. “It functions like a treatment, or maybe even a cure.”
The procedure, which involves injecting cerebral spinal fluid through a lumbar puncture, does come with risks.
Naomi Lockard, left, just turned 3 years old. She has not received the gene therapy. Jack Lockard, right, was treated at 6 months old. (Rebekah Lockard)
“But it’s worth the risk, because it’s the only thing that could possibly help prevent the condition from getting worse,” Lockard said.
Her newly diagnosed baby — who was just shy of six months old — received the gene therapy treatment first, as there was a better chance of stopping the disease at a younger age.
He was the youngest child ever to receive an intrathecal (spinal) gene therapy treatment.
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“Jack has thrived since then,” Lockard said. “He is sitting independently, banging toys together, drinking from a straw cup, and working really hard on crawling.”
She added, “Doctors and therapists share the same sentiment: The treatment works!”
Other children who participated in the trial have experienced similar results, Lockard said.
“They’ve all shown that their disease has stopped progressing and their cognition has improved,” she said.
“Naomi just turned 3, and she only learned to crawl about six months ago. She can’t walk or talk, and her cognitive level is probably that of a 9-month-old,” her mother told Fox News Digital. (Rebekah Lockard)
Lockard’s daughter, Naomi, has not yet received the therapy.
“We can’t help but compare Jack and Naomi, and we see how he’s meeting these milestones. He’s caught up to her developmentally, and he’ll probably surpass her within the next few months, even though they’re two years apart,” Lockard said.
“Naomi just turned 3, and she only learned to crawl about six months ago. She can’t walk or talk, and her cognitive level is probably that of a 9-month-old.”
“Kids develop paralysis in elementary school, become quadriplegic in high school and pass away in their 20s.”
Although her daughter will likely always have deficiencies, as she’s missed the “critical window” of development, the gene therapy could still stop further progression.
“If they can treat her before she gets the paralysis, the hope is that she’ll never develop that,” Lockard said.
If her daughter doesn’t receive the therapy, she will likely experience the typical trajectory of the disease, Lockard said.
“We can’t help but compare Jack and Naomi, and we see how he’s meeting these milestones,” said Lockard. “He’s caught up to her developmentally, and he’ll probably surpass her within the next few months, even though they’re two years apart.” (Rebekah Lockard)
“Kids develop paralysis in elementary school, become quadriplegic in high school and pass away in their 20s — never learning to talk, and losing any ability to move over the course of their short lives.”
The problem is that the clinical trial has run out of funding.
Cost and complexity
Dr. Penney noted that treatment for SPG50 is challenging and expensive to develop — “mainly because it’s a sporadic disease.”
The doctor told Fox News Digital, “Pharmaceutical companies often prioritize conditions that affect larger populations, with a more significant potential for recouping research and development costs.”
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“The market is much smaller for rare diseases like SPG50, making it financially less viable for companies to invest in creating a treatment.”
Developing treatments for genetic disorders requires significant research, time and specialized technology, Penney added, all of which add to the cost and complexity.
Terry Pirovolakis, pictured with his family, used his life savings to create a genetic therapy for his youngest son, center, who has SPG50. (Terry Pirovolakis)
In the absence of a cure, most families can only manage symptoms through physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and medications to help control spasticity or seizures, Penney said.
“Managing SPG50 requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to address its various symptoms and challenges,” Penney said.
Fighting to keep hope alive
The experimental trial that potentially saved Jack Lockard’s life was started by another parent, Terry Pirovolakis.
Pirovolakis, based in Canada, found out in 2017 that his youngest son, Michael, had SPG50.
“They told us he would be paralyzed from the waist down by the age of 10, and a quadriplegic by the age of 20,” Pirovolakis told Fox News Digital in an interview. “They said he would need support for the rest of his life.”
Pirovolakis’ two older children, pictured with their little brother, Michael (bottom left), do not have the disease. (Terry Pirovolakis)
Pirovolakis refused to accept that. He immediately started doing research and traveling around the world to gene therapy conferences, speaking with medical experts about his son’s disease.
Eventually, he liquidated his life savings, refinanced his home and paid a team of scientists at the University of Texas Southwester Medical Center to create a “proof of concept” for a genetic treatment for his son.
“I couldn’t just let these kids die. I had to do something.”
After seeing positive results in mice studies, as well as in cells from his son and a few other children with SPG50, Pirovolakis partnered with a small company in Spain to manufacture the drug.
In Dec. 2021, Health Canada granted Pirovolakis permission to move forward with the gene therapy for his son.
In Dec. 2021, Health Canada granted Pirovolakis permission to move forward with the gene therapy for his son, Michael (above), who has shown positive results. (Terry Pirovolakis)
“After that, we had three more doses, and we decided that we had to help other kids,” Pirovolakis said.
“I couldn’t just let these kids die. I had to do something.”
He opened a Phase 2 study in the U.S., in which three more children with SPG50 were treated — including Jack Lockard.
“I tried to give the therapy to pharmaceutical companies, but no one wanted to make it, so I quit my job and started a nonprofit, CureSPG50, in California,” Pirovolakis said.
“We now have five employees and 20 consultants, and our goal is to save kids with five diseases, almost all of them fatal.”
Next, Pirovolakis will start a Phase 3 study at the National Institute of Health for SPG50, with future trials planned for other diseases.
“Doctors are ready. There just isn’t enough money to make it happen.”
The problem is that without the backing of major drug companies, there isn’t funding available to dose the therapies to the children who need it.
“They have eight doses that were produced in Spain and have been flown to the U.S.,” Lockard said.
“It’s here, just literally sitting in a refrigerator, ready to go. Doctors are ready. There just isn’t enough money to make it happen.”
Young Michael Pirovolakis is pictured with his mother, Georgia Pirovolakis. (Terry Pirovolakis)
It costs about $1 million to make the drug for each child, Pirovolakis said, and another $300,000 or so to treat each patient in the U.S. at the hospital.
While Pirovolakis and his team are actively working to secure grants and investors, it’s largely up to the parents to raise funds for the next phase of the clinical trial.
So far, Lockard has raised $50,000 via a GoFundMe fundraiser, but that is only a fraction of what is needed to get her daughter treated.
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“Right now, there are four families in the U.S. who are trying really hard to fundraise the money that’s needed, because time is of the essence,” he said.
“We want to make sure the trial moves on and these kids get treated.”
The end goal
Looking ahead to the Phase 3 clinical trial at the NIH, Pirovolakis’ goal is to treat eight children with SPG50.
“If we can show that it works in all eight children — and we can prove to the FDA that it is making a difference — then the drug will get approved and every child can get it,” he said.
“I get calls at least five times a week from families around the world, asking to help me save their kids.”
Ideally, after the drug is approved — which could take three to five years, Pirovolakis estimates — SPG50 will be added to hospitals’ newborn screening programs and every child with the disease will be able to get the therapy.
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“I get calls at least five times a week from families around the world, asking to help me save their kids,” he said.
“It’s tough — there’s only so much you can do, and unfortunately, this is a money problem. It’s just heartbreaking.”
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Health
West Nile virus detected in southern state as health officials warn residents about mosquitoes
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Health officials in Nashville are urging residents to protect themselves from mosquito bites after West Nile virus was detected in mosquitoes for the first time this year.
The Metro Public Health Department (MPHD) announced the virus was found in a mosquito pool collected near Cass Street in North Nashville, marking the city’s first detection of West Nile virus in 2026 and the earliest positive mosquito sample of the season.
The detection comes after health officials reported elevated West Nile virus activity in mosquito pools during 2025, when one human case of the virus was confirmed.
“We can all play a role in reducing the presence of mosquitoes in our community, making our outdoor areas both more pleasant and safer from mosquito-borne diseases like West Nile virus,” Dr. Sanmi Areola, director of health at the Metro Public Health Department, said in a statement to Fox 17.
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A close-up shows mosquitoes feeding in Tehatta, India, on May 1, 2026. Health officials in Nashville recently detected West Nile virus in a mosquito pool, prompting residents to take precautions against mosquito bites. (Soumyabrata Roy/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
“As our team educates those in the area where West Nile virus was found, we hope the rest of our community does what they can to protect themselves and their families from mosquitoes this summer.”
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, West Nile virus is the leading mosquito-borne disease in the United States. Most people infected with the virus do not develop symptoms, but about one in five experience fever, headaches, body aches, vomiting, diarrhea or a rash. Fewer than 1% develop a serious neurological illness that can affect the brain or spinal cord, with older adults and people with weakened immune systems facing the greatest risk.
Public health officials routinely trap and test mosquitoes throughout the summer to monitor for West Nile virus activity. A positive mosquito sample does not necessarily mean people in the area will become infected, but it serves as an early warning that the virus is circulating locally.
In response to the positive test, MPHD said crews are distributing educational flyers in the affected neighborhood, increasing mosquito trapping, monitoring standing water and applying larvicide where needed to help reduce mosquito populations. The department said it does not spray insecticide to kill adult mosquitoes.
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The Aedes mosquito is a known vector for several viruses, including West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. (Soumyabrata Roy/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Residents can also request a free backyard inspection from the department’s Pest Management team to identify areas where mosquitoes may be breeding.
Health officials recommend eliminating standing water from bird baths, flowerpots, buckets, old tires, children’s toys and other outdoor containers where mosquitoes lay eggs. Trimming overgrown vegetation around homes can also help reduce mosquito activity.
A field sample of mosquitoes that could carry West Nile Virus is seen at offices of the Riverside County Department of Environmental Health on April 26, 2007, in Hemet, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)
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To help prevent mosquito bites, the health department recommends using EPA-approved insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin or oil of lemon eucalyptus, wearing long sleeves and pants outdoors during peak mosquito hours around dusk and dawn, and making sure window and door screens are in good repair.
Officials said reducing mosquito breeding around homes can help lower the risk of West Nile virus and other mosquito-borne illnesses throughout the community.
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Before the first successful vaccine was developed in 1796, Americans had little protection against deadly infectious diseases like smallpox, measles and diphtheria.
Over the next 250 years, vaccines helped eliminate or dramatically reduce many vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, preventing millions of illnesses, infections and deaths.
“There is a reason that vaccines are widely considered to be the greatest public health tool after sanitation,” Fox News senior medical analyst Dr. Marc Siegel told Fox News Digital.
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“They are designed to ‘fool’ the immune system into thinking it has seen a disease, creating an ‘immune memory’ to provoke an immune response to the pathogen when it actually does appear.”
“True vaccines have side effects, and there is the risk of vaccine injury — but overall, the benefit to the individual and society vastly outweighs any harm,” Siegel added.
Over 250 years, vaccines helped eliminate or dramatically reduce many vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, preventing millions of illnesses, infections and deaths. (iStock)
As the U.S. marks its 250th anniversary, the following vaccines stand out among the most significant medical achievements in the country’s history.
No. 1: Smallpox
Smallpox, a highly contagious viral disease caused by the variola virus, was one of the world’s deadliest diseases before vaccination, killing about 30% of those infected, according to CDC data.
The infectious disease had no cure and spread through close person-to-person contact, causing fever, fatigue and a distinctive rash that led to pus-filled blisters. Survivors were often left with permanent scarring or blindness.
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The first successful vaccine, developed by English physician Edward Jenner in 1796, eventually transformed public health in the United States.
Jenner’s smallpox vaccine ultimately led to the global eradication of smallpox, according to the World Health Organization. The vaccine is no longer given routinely to the public and is mainly used for select military, laboratory and emergency-response needs.
“There is a reason that vaccines are widely considered to be the greatest public health tool after sanitation.”
“The first vaccine against smallpox eradicated a disease that killed 5-10% of all humans who had ever lived for almost all of human history,” Dr. Jacob Glanville, CEO of Centivax, a San Francisco biotechnology company, told Fox News Digital. “Then the drumbeat began of relentless progress right at the eve of the 20th century.”
No. 2: Rabies
A viral disease that attacks the brain and nervous system, rabies spreads through the saliva of infected mammals, most commonly through the bites of dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes.
Once symptoms begin, rabies is almost always fatal, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Rabies is a viral disease that attacks the brain and nervous system and spreads through the saliva of infected mammals, most commonly through the bites of dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes. (iStock)
Although there is no cure, vaccination immediately after exposure can prevent the disease. It can also be given before exposure for people at high risk.
Researcher Louis Pasteur created the first rabies vaccine in 1885, according to The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Today, prompt vaccination after exposure remains the standard way to prevent an otherwise almost universally fatal disease.
No. 3: Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that can cause a thick coating in the throat. It was fatal for some, and survivors could face serious complications, including heart damage, paralysis and breathing problems, according to the CDC.
Before the vaccine’s introduction in the 1920s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of illness and death among youth in the U.S. During that decade, there were 100,000 to 200,000 cases and 13,000 to 15,000 deaths recorded each year, mostly affecting children.
Before the vaccine’s introduction in the 1920s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of illness and death among youth in the U.S. (Ebrahim Hamid/AFP via Getty Images)
The diphtheria toxoid vaccine was introduced in the 1920s. Diphtheria is now extremely rare in the U.S. due to widespread vaccinations, per the CDC.
The vaccine remains part of the routine childhood immunization schedule as part of the DTaP series, with boosters recommended for teens, adults and pregnant women.
No. 4: Tetanus
Tetanus is a bacterial disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which enters the body through cuts or wounds, according to the CDC. The infection can cause severe muscle spasms, “lockjaw” and death.
Before vaccination, tetanus was often fatal because severe muscle spasms could make it impossible to swallow or breathe. Although the disease is not spread from person to person, hundreds of Americans died from tetanus each year, records show.
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The tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed in the 1920s, according to CHOP. Tetanus vaccination remains part of the routine childhood immunization schedule, with boosters recommended every 10 years and as needed following certain wounds.
No. 5: Pertussis (whooping cough)
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits, often making it difficult to breathe, eat or sleep. Infants are at highest risk, as they can develop pneumonia, seizures, brain damage or even death.
Before widespread vaccination, the U.S. recorded more than 200,000 pertussis cases and thousands of youth hospitalizations each year, the CDC states.
Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits, often making it difficult to breathe, eat or sleep. (iStock)
The first pertussis vaccine was introduced in the 1910s, followed by the combination DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis) vaccine in the 1940s.
After widespread vaccination, cases fell by more than 90% and deaths from the disease became uncommon. The pertussis vaccine remains part of the routine U.S. immunization schedule for children, teens and adults, and doctors recommend vaccination during pregnancy to pass protective antibodies to newborns.
No. 6: Influenza
This contagious viral respiratory illness can cause serious complications, hospitalization and death, CDC data shows.
Before the vaccine was available, seasonal flu epidemics caused widespread illness and death every year. During the 1918 influenza pandemic (“Spanish flu”), an estimated one-third of the world’s population was infected and at least 50 million people died worldwide, including about 675,000 Americans.
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The first U.S. flu vaccine was licensed in 1945, helping launch routine seasonal influenza vaccination programs.
Widespread vaccination has significantly reduced the risk of flu illness, hospitalization and death. The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months and older receives a seasonal flu vaccine each year, with rare exceptions. The vaccine is updated annually to target changing strains.
No. 7: Polio
Polio (poliomyelitis), a highly contagious viral disease caused by poliovirus, spreads mainly through contact with contaminated food, water or stool, per the CDC.
For some, the virus can attack the nervous system, causing permanent paralysis, breathing difficulties and death. During the early 1950s, more than 15,000 cases of paralytic polio were reported each year in the U.S.
A pediatrician vaccinates a child with a 6-way combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus (tetanus), polio, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B. (Julian Stratenschulte/dpa (Julian Stratenschulte/picture alliance via Getty Images))
In 1955, Jonas Salk’s polio vaccine was introduced in the country, greatly reducing case counts. In 1979, the U.S. was declared free of wild poliovirus, according to the World Health Organization.
Injected polio vaccination is still part of the routine childhood U.S. immunization schedule.
No. 8: MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
Before vaccines, measles, mumps and rubella were common childhood diseases that infected millions of Americans and could cause serious complications.
Prior to the measles vaccine, nearly all American children contracted the highly contagious viral disease by age 15, according to the NIH. About 400 to 500 Americans died of measles each year, while about 1,000 experienced brain swelling and 48,000 were hospitalized, records show.
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Before the first mumps vaccine, about 186,000 cases were reported in the U.S. each year, and the disease was a common cause of children’s meningitis, per the NIH.
Rubella epidemics also regularly occurred in the U.S. before vaccination. Between 1964 and 1965, about 12.5 million Americans were infected, resulting in approximately 2,100 newborn deaths and 20,000 babies born with congenital rubella syndrome, causing blindness, deafness, heart defects and developmental disabilities.
A doctor is shown giving a vaccine to a baby. Rubella epidemics regularly occurred in the U.S. before vaccination (iStock)
The measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, followed by mumps in 1967 and rubella in 1969. In 1971, the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine became available, protecting against all three contagious viral diseases in a single shot. Prior to the combined vaccine, children typically had to receive three separate shots, the CDC noted.
Widespread vaccination has reduced cases of all three diseases by more than 99% in the United States, per NIH data.
Measles was declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2000, meaning it was no longer spreading continuously within the country. Routine vaccination also led to endemic rubella being declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2004.
No. 9: Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B, a viral infection that attacks the liver, is spread through contact with infected blood and other body fluids, according to the CDC.
Some people develop chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer.
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Before vaccination, hepatitis B was a major public health threat in the U.S. In the early 1980s, an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 Americans contracted the infection each year, the NIH states. Infants infected at birth were at particularly high risk, with about 90% developing chronic infection.
The hepatitis B vaccine was licensed in 1981, and the CDC began recommending universal infant vaccination in 1991. Since then, acute hepatitis B cases have declined by more than 80% in the U.S., and infections among children and adolescents have fallen by more than 95%, per the NIH.
No. 10: Hib
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterial infection that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, bloodstream infections and severe throat swelling, per the CDC.
Severe cases can lead to hearing loss or brain damage.
Hib was once the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in young children in the U.S., with around 20,000 serious infections and 1,000 deaths reported each year in those 5 and younger. (iStock)
Hib was once the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in young children in the U.S., with around 20,000 serious infections and 1,000 deaths reported each year in those 5 and younger.
The first Hib vaccine was licensed in 1985, with routine immunizations reducing invasive disease by more than 99%, according to CDC data. The infection is now rare in the U.S.
No. 11: Chickenpox/varicella
Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus that causes an itchy, blister-like rash, fever and fatigue, according to the CDC.
In some people, it can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia, brain inflammation and bacterial skin infections.
“There is a reason that vaccines are widely considered to be the greatest public health tool after sanitation.”
Before the first chickenpox vaccine became available in the U.S. in 1995, about four million Americans were infected each year, with around 100 to 150 deaths and up to 13,000 hospitalizations, according to the CDC and NIH.
Since routine two-dose childhood vaccination began, hospitalizations and deaths have declined by more than 90%, and severe complications have become rare, CDC data shows.
No. 12: Hepatitis A
A highly contagious viral liver infection, hepatitis A spreads mainly through contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person, per the CDC.
While it does not cause chronic liver disease like hepatitis B, it can cause weeks or months of illness and, in rare cases, liver failure.
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Before vaccination, outbreaks led to as many as 30,000 infections each year.
The first hepatitis A vaccine was licensed in the U.S. in 1995. Since routine childhood vaccination began, infection rates have dropped by more than 95%, according to the NIH.
No. 13: Pneumococcal
Pneumococcal disease, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, bloodstream infections, ear infections and sinus infections, the CDC states.
Before vaccination, pneumococcal disease caused thousands of cases of meningitis and bloodstream infections and hundreds of deaths among young children. (iStock)
Before vaccination, pneumococcal disease caused thousands of cases of meningitis and bloodstream infections and hundreds of deaths among young children, per the NIH. Older adults also faced a high risk of hospitalization from bacterial pneumonia.
The first pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was licensed in 2000. Routine childhood vaccination has dramatically reduced disease rates, and newer vaccines have been developed to protect against emerging bacterial strains.
No. 14: HPV
The most common sexually transmitted infection in the U.S., the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar and oropharyngeal cancers, according to the CDC.
The HPV vaccine was licensed in 2006, becoming the first immunization designed to prevent multiple types of cancer.
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Since the vaccine became available, HPV infections, precancers and genital warts have declined significantly, CDC data shows.
HPV vaccination is now part of the routine U.S. immunization schedule, with two doses recommended for those younger than 15 and three doses for those 15 and older.
No. 15: Rotavirus
Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects infants and young children, causing severe diarrhea, vomiting and fever.
Before the vaccine became available in 2006, nearly every child contracted the virus by age 5, often leading to severe dehydrating diarrhea, the CDC states. Up to 70,000 children were hospitalized and 20 to 60 died each year in the U.S.
Before the shingles vaccine was available, about one million Americans developed the infection each year, with adults over 50 at highest risk. (iStock)
Since routine rotavirus vaccination began, hospitalizations, emergency room visits and severe illness have declined significantly. Infants receive two or three oral doses as part of the routine immunization schedule.
No. 16: Shingles
Shingles is a painful rash caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same one that causes chickenpox, per the CDC. It can cause severe nerve pain lasting months or even years.
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Before the vaccine was available, about one million Americans developed shingles each year, with adults over age 50 at highest risk.
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The first shingles vaccine was licensed in 2006, and the more effective Shingrix vaccine was introduced in 2017, greatly reducing the risk of shingles and long-term nerve pain, according to the CDC and FDA.
Experts recommend two doses for adults 50 and older and for certain immunocompromised adults ages 19 and older.
No. 17: COVID-19
When the COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide in 2020, there was no vaccine to prevent severe illness from the infection, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The Food and Drug Administration on June 16, 2023, told COVID-19 vaccine makers to update fall shots to target the latest omicron strain. (AP Photo/Steve Helber, File)
In the U.S., the contagious virus caused millions of hospitalizations and more than 1.2 million deaths, according to data from the CDC and NIH.
The first COVID-19 vaccines received emergency authorization in December 2020. Multiple studies have shown that the vaccines significantly reduce the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death, particularly among high-risk groups.
“COVID vaccines saved millions of lives around the world during the COVID pandemic.”
“COVID vaccines saved millions of lives around the world during the COVID pandemic,” Siegel said.
Although the CDC continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccination, specific guidance varies by age, risk level and previous vaccination history.
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Glanville, whose company is currently working to develop a universal flu vaccine, among others, summed up the impact of these and other vaccines in America.
People should contact a doctor to discuss individual recommendations for vaccines, which can vary by age, health status, medical history and risk factors. (iStock)
“To truly understand the impact that vaccines have had in the last 100 years, read through the list of pathogens along the timeline until they become familiar to you, until they include things you or your family may have been infected by in your own life,” he advised. “You may barely even recognize most of the pathogens in the first half of the list – because vaccines pushed them out of the human experience. That is the power of vaccines.”
People should contact a doctor to discuss individual recommendations for vaccines, which can vary by age, health status, medical history and risk factors.
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