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More than a third of Americans report making New Year’s resolutions, statistics show, many of which are focused on kicking bad habits.

Whether it’s smoking, overeating, drinking excessive alcohol or “doom-scrolling” on social media instead of sleeping, 72% of U.S. adults report having at least one unhealthy behavior, according to data from the United Health Foundation.

Dr. Adi Jaffe, a California-based psychologist, knows firsthand the dangers of unhealthy habits, as he once struggled with drug addiction himself.

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“I got trapped in the world of drugs and alcohol, from the middle of high school until a few years after college,” he shared with Fox News Digital during an on-camera interview.

“Addiction doesn’t separate by gender or age or race or income — people from all walks of life are impacted.”

Jaffe ultimately spent time in jail before getting clean and returning to school, earning two master’s degrees and a PhD in psychology.

“I wanted to understand what happened to me — and then what I’ve done over the last 15 years, hopefully, is bring those lessons to others who are struggling.”

“Addiction doesn’t separate by gender or age or race or income — people of all walks of life are impacted.”

Today, Jaffe focuses on helping people beat addiction and improve their mental health. In his upcoming book — “Unhooked: Free Yourself from Addiction Forever” — he shares a step-by-step program to help people free themselves from harmful habits.

Jaffe shared with Fox News Digital some of his tips and insights.

Recognizing the behavior

While many people think of addiction as involving drugs or alcohol, Jaffe noted that it can take many forms.

Many people assume that the behavior itself is the problem, the psychologist said — but there is almost always an underlying reason for those unhealthy or harmful choices. (iStock)

“If you engage in a behavior of any sort over long periods of time that robs you of your ability to be fully present in your life — and it bothers you, but you can’t find yourself stopping it, even though you’ve tried over and over — to me, that qualifies,” he said.

In addiction to substance abuse, addictive behaviors might include “doom-scrolling” on your phone for hours a day, binge-eating, gambling or indulging in other unhealthy activities.

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People can be addicted to work and success, too, Jaffe noted.

“When things get hard and get tough, they want to go to work,” he said. “They believe success or performance will make them feel better, but it can cause damage just like other addictions.”

“Doom-scrolling” on social media is a potentially addictive behavior, the psychologist noted. (iStock)

Social media is another form of addiction, the expert said.

“When your phone buzzes or pings, you don’t know what’s there, so it’s a novelty that’s interesting, and it releases dopamine,” he said. “You almost literally cannot help yourself.”

Identifying the ‘hooks’

Many people assume that the behavior itself is the problem, Jaffe said — but there is almost always an underlying reason for those unhealthy or harmful choices.

“The behavior was actually a medicine of sorts for a problematic undercurrent.”

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“The reason you do it is that at some point earlier in your life, there was pain or struggle or emotional discomfort,” he said. 

“And you discovered that when you engaged in the behavior, that discomfort went away. So the behavior was actually a medicine of sorts for a problematic undercurrent.”

More than a third of Americans report making New Year’s resolutions, statistics show, many of which are focused on kicking bad habits. (iStock)

For Jaffe, when he was 14 or 15 years old, his “hook” was social anxiety.

“And when somebody handed me a bottle of vodka at some sleepaway camp, I drank it because I didn’t want to look awkward,” he told Fox News Digital. 

“Once I started drinking, I had no anxiety and felt like I belonged. I felt like I could talk to people. And so I realized that alcohol had ‘solved’ this problem.”

“Once I started drinking, I had no anxiety and felt like I belonged. I felt like I could talk to people. And so I realized that alcohol had ‘solved’ this problem.” (iStock)

Everyone has different hooks, Jaffe said, but there are similarities and patterns.

“We start living our lives trying to escape the discomfort of the hooks.”

Replacing the habit

Once people have identified an unhealthy behavior, one of the biggest mistakes they make is just trying to stop it without a plan, according to Jaffe.

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“We try to stop ourselves from doing what we don’t like,” he noted. “Especially around New Year’s, people might say, ‘I’m going to stop eating bad foods or I’m going to stop being lazy,’” he said.

Research has shown, however, that the most important aspect of kicking a bad habit is to replace the negative behavior with a positive one, the psychologist noted.

The most important aspect of kicking a bad habit is to replace the negative behavior with a positive one. (iStock)

“We have to stop trying to just eliminate bad habits — it doesn’t work,” Jaffe said. “We have to replace them with something else.”

For example, if someone wants to quit smoking, they might keep gum or sunflower seeds in their pocket, he said.

“You just have to keep going.”

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Or, if someone is too focused on work, that might mean letting go of some tasks and delegating them to other people.

Jaffe also emphasized that the process of kicking a bad habit isn’t always perfect or seamless, and that slipping up from time to time doesn’t equate to failure.

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“It’s okay to fall flat on your face a number of times while you’re working on changing this,” he said. 

“You just have to keep going.”

Jaffe’s book, “Unhooked: Free Yourself from Addiction Forever,” will be available on Jan. 7.

For long-term brain health, older adults might want to carefully consider how they spend their downtime, according to a new study.

Researchers from the University of South Australia assessed the 24-hour activity patterns of nearly 400 people over age 60.

When it comes to brain health, the study found that the context or type of activity individuals engage in matters, news agency SWNS reported.

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Some sedentary behaviors are better for cognitive function than others, according to the findings, which were published in The Journal of Gerontology Series A. 

Mentally stimulating behaviors, such as reading, listening to music, praying, crafting and playing a musical instrument — as well as social behaviors like chatting with others — are beneficial for memory and thinking abilities, the study noted.

The research team referred to the “valuable insights” that could help reduce instances of cognitive impairment. More passive activities, like playing video games or watching TV, do not offer the same benefits as reading, praying and other activities, they noted.

More than 55 million people around the globe have dementia, according to estimates from the World Health Organization. Another 10 million new cases are diagnosed each year.

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Dr. Maddison Mellow, researcher at the University of South Australia, said that not all sedentary behaviors are equal when it comes to memory and cognitive health.

“The context of an activity alters how it relates to cognitive function, with different activities providing varying levels of cognitive stimulation and social engagement.” (iStock)

“In this research,” she said, “we found that the context of an activity alters how it relates to cognitive function, with different activities providing varying levels of cognitive stimulation and social engagement.”

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She said that scientists “already know that physical activity is a strong protector against dementia risk, and this should be prioritized if you’re trying to improve your brain health,” as SWNS reported.

“Even small, 5-minute time swaps can help.”

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“But until now, we hadn’t directly explored whether we can benefit our brain health by swapping one sedentary activity for another.”

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She went on, “And while the ‘move more, sit less’ message certainly holds true for cardiometabolic and brain health, our research shows that a more nuanced approach is needed when it comes to thinking about the link between sedentary behaviors and cognitive function.”

It’s wise to “prioritize movement that’s enjoyable and gets the heart rate up,” she also said.

And “even small, 5-minute time swaps can help.”

“A more nuanced approach is needed when it comes to thinking about the link between sedentary behaviors and cognitive function.” (iStock)

A recent study published by the RAND Corporation in California also identified several major predictors occurring around age 60 that could likely lead to cognitive impairment and dementia in individuals by age 80, as Fox News Digital previously reported.

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Researchers evaluated 181 potential risk factors, including demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle and health behaviors, health history, psycho-social factors and more.

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The list of predictors, according to RAND, included “never exercising” and “low engagement in hobbies.” 

The study results suggested that “maintaining good physical and mental health is beneficial not just to staying in shape, but also to staying sharp and delaying cognitive decline,” study co-author Peter Hudomiet, a RAND economist in California, told Fox News Digital.

Melissa Rudy of Fox News Digital contributed reporting.