Health
A new study is the first to document likely cat-to-human virus transmission, but risks are low overall, experts say.
A veterinarian in Thailand seemingly contracted the coronavirus from an contaminated pet cat final 12 months, researchers concluded in a brand new examine. It’s the first documented case of suspected cat-to-human transmission, though specialists stress that the danger of cats infecting people with the virus stays low total.
One of many cat’s two house owners, who each had Covid-19, in all probability handed the virus to the cat, which then sneezed within the veterinarian’s face, in accordance with the paper, which was written by scientists at Thailand’s Prince of Songkla College. Genomic sequencing confirmed that the cat and all three folks have been contaminated with an similar model of the virus, which was not widespread within the native inhabitants on the time.
Cats are way more more likely to catch the virus from folks than to transmit it to them, scientists say. However the case is a reminder that people who find themselves contaminated with the virus ought to take precautions round their pets — and that veterinarians and shelter staff who could come into contact with contaminated animals ought to do the identical, mentioned Dr. Scott Weese, an infectious illnesses veterinarian on the College of Guelph in Ontario.
“When issues develop into human illnesses, we too usually neglect every part else,” he mentioned. “I believe it’s necessary for us to acknowledge this virus nonetheless can transfer between species.”
Earlier analysis has proven that pet house owners can infect their cats and that, in sure situations, cats can transmit the virus to one another. But it surely has been tough to show that cat-to-human transmission occurs in pure settings. (Mink, hamsters and deer have been reported to unfold the virus to people.)
The brand new paper appeared this week within the journal Rising Infectious Ailments, which is revealed by the U.S. Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention. It makes a powerful case for cat-to-human transmission, Dr. Weese mentioned: “They’ve acquired a reasonably good story right here.”
On Aug. 4, a father and son in Bangkok developed signs of Covid-19 and subsequently examined optimistic for the virus. Due to a scarcity of hospital beds in Bangkok, the 2 males have been transported on Aug. 8 to a hospital in Songkhla, a province in southern Thailand, by way of a 20-hour ambulance experience. For causes which can be unclear, they introduced their pet cat.
When the lads have been admitted to the hospital, the cat was despatched to a veterinary hospital for an examination. Though the cat gave the impression to be wholesome, the veterinarian, a 32-year-old girl, collected nasal and rectal swabs, which examined optimistic for the virus. Whereas the veterinarian was swabbing the cat’s nostril, the animal sneezed in her face. (The veterinarian was sporting gloves and a masks in the course of the examination, however no face protect or eye safety.)
On Aug. 13, the veterinarian developed Covid-19 signs, together with a fever and a cough. Shortly thereafter, she examined optimistic for the virus.
Genomic sequencing revealed that the cat’s house owners, the cat and the veterinarian have been all contaminated with the identical model of the Delta variant, which was distinct from viral samples taken from different sufferers in Songkhla on the time.
P.C.R. testing means that the cat had a excessive viral load on the time of its veterinary examination. Not one of the veterinarian’s shut contacts are identified to have had Covid-19 on the time, and he or she had no prior encounters with the pet’s house owners, including assist to the idea that the cat was the supply of the veterinarian’s an infection. (It was not clear whether or not she met with the house owners later.)
The C.D.C. recommends that people who find themselves contaminated with the virus keep away from contact with their pets. “For those who’re making an attempt to avoid folks since you’re doubtlessly infectious,” Dr. Weese mentioned, “simply attempt to avoid animals on the similar time.”
Health
Words and game of Scrabble keep married couple in wedded bliss for decades
A married couple who have long enjoyed the game of Scrabble both together and separately before they even met are never at a loss for words — and attribute their wedded bliss in part to their love of the nostalgic game.
They’re still playing in tournaments built around the game decades after they began doing so.
Graham Harding and his wife Helen Harding, both in their 60s, have been married for over 20 years.
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They met in the 1990s at Scrabble tournaments, as news agency SWNS reported.
But it was a “special match” in 2000 that brought the couple together — and has kept them together now.
Graham Harding is from the East Berkshire Scrabble Club, while his wife Helen is from the Leicester Scrabble Club in the U.K.
They have been taking part in the UK Open Scrabble Championship in Reading this week.
“The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”
“Scrabble is all about having a good vocabulary,” said Graham Harding, SWNS noted.
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“But it is a Scrabble vocabulary — not necessarily everyday English.”
Added Helen Harding, “The more words you know, the more ammunition you’ve got.”
The couple said they were “vague acquaintances” for about five years after they first met.
Then they got together after a special match in Swindon.
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They maintained a long-distance relationship before they got married in 2004.
The couple even brought their Scrabble board to their wedding.
It featured a message with Scrabble pieces that said, “Congratulations on your wedding day” — while their wedding cake said, in Scrabble letters, “Helen and Graham.”
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They each took up the hobby early in life well before they met each other.
The tournament that’s been taking place this week is the first since the COVID pandemic after a five-year break — and the couple has played some two dozen games in it as of Friday, SWNS reported.
Health
Deep sleep can keep two big health problems at bay, new studies suggest
It might be worth working a little bit harder to get that much-desired, but often elusive, good night’s sleep.
Deep sleep clears the mind of waste just as a “dishwasher” cleans dirty plates and glasses, just-published research suggests — and there’s more.
The findings also offer insights into how sleeping pills may disrupt the “brainwashing” system — potentially affecting cognitive function for people over the long run.
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Study senior author professor Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester and the University of Copenhagen said norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter and hormone) triggers blood vessels to contract — generating slow pulsations that create a rhythmic flow in the surrounding fluid to carry away waste, news agency SWNS noted.
Said Nedergaard, “It’s like turning on the dishwasher before you go to bed and waking up with a clean brain. . . . We’re essentially asking what drives this process and trying to define restorative sleep based on” this “glymphatic clearance.”
The brain has a built-in waste removal process – the glymphatic system – that circulates fluid in the brain and spinal cord to clear out waste, according to the scientists.
The process helps remove toxic proteins that form sticky plaques linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
But the scientists indicated that what drives the system was unclear until now, according to the study.
Is all sleep created equal? The researchers wanted to find out.
To find clues, Nedergaard and her team looked into what happens in mice when their brains sleep, as SWNS reported of the study. The team focused on the relationship between norepinephrine and blood flow during deep sleep.
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They found that norepinephrine waves correlate to variations in brain blood volume — suggesting that norepinephrine triggers a rhythmic pulsation in the blood vessels. The researchers then compared the changes in blood volume to brain fluid flow.
The brain fluid flow fluctuates in correspondence to blood volume changes, suggesting the vessels act as pumps to propel the surrounding brain fluid to flush out waste.
Natalie Hauglund of the University of Copenhagen and the University of Oxford, the study’s lead author, said, “You can view norepinephrine as [the] conductor of an orchestra.”
She added, “There’s a harmony in the constriction and dilation of the arteries, which then drives the cerebrospinal fluid through the brain to remove the waste products.”
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Hauglund said she wanted to understand whether all sleep is created equal.
To find out, the research team administered zolpidem, a common drug to aid sleep, to mice.
“If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
They found that the norepinephrine waves during deep sleep were 50% lower in zolpidem-treated mice than in naturally sleeping mice.
Although the zolpidem-treated mice fell asleep more quickly — fluid transport into the brain dropped more than 30%, as SWNS reported.
The researchers say their findings, published in the journal Cell, suggest that the sleeping aid may disrupt the norepinephrine-driven waste clearance during sleep.
Hauglund said, “More and more people are using sleep medication, and it’s really important to know if that’s healthy sleep. If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
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The research team said the findings likely apply to humans, who also have a glymphatic system, although it requires further testing.
Nedergaard added, “Now we know norepinephrine is driving the cleaning of the brain, we may figure out how to get people a long and restorative sleep.”
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Meanwhile, a lack of sleep may be doing more damage than just making people groggy.
It could be sabotaging the brain’s ability to keep intrusive thoughts at bay.
Another new study, this one published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that sleep deprivation weakens the brain’s defense against unwanted memories, allowing them to flood the mind, according to the New York Post.
“We show that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal inhibition of memory retrieval, and that the overnight restoration of this inhibitory mechanism is associated with time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,” the scientists said.
Health
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