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Short, intense bursts of exercise more effective after stroke than steady, moderate exercise – WorldHealth.net

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Short, intense bursts of exercise more effective after stroke than steady, moderate exercise – WorldHealth.net

Significant improvements in aerobic fitness were noted after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training sessions compared to traditional, moderate exercise sessions, according to a new study in the AHA journal.

News Release Research Highlights:

  • Researchers found repeated one-minute bursts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were more effective than traditional, moderate continuous exercise for improving the body’s aerobic fitness after a stroke.
  • Fitness level improvements doubled in participants in the high-intensity interval training group compared to those in the moderate-intensity exercise group.
  • Researchers found the level of fitness changes in the high-intensity interval training group were associated with improved survival and lower risk of stroke-related hospitalizations.

One-minute, short bursts of high-intensity interval training for 19 minutes may be more effective for improving fitness among people six months or more after a stroke than traditional, 20-30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise sessions, according to research published today in Stroke, the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the American Stroke Association (ASA), a division of the American Heart Association (AHA).

“This study shows that people with stroke can also benefit from high-intensity interval training,” said Kevin Moncion, Ph.D., a physiotherapist who led this study as part of his doctoral studies at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. “With the right support and guidance, stroke survivors can safely and effectively engage in high-intensity interval training, significantly improving their overall health and recovery.”

The multi-site trial took place between September 2018 and March 2024 and included stroke survivors between six months to 5 years after a stroke. Researchers randomly grouped participants to receive either three days per week of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training or three days per week of 12 weeks of traditional moderate exercise sessions. The high-intensity interval training protocol involved ten 1-minute intervals of high-intensity exercise, interspersed with nine 1-minute low-intensity intervals, for 19 minutes total. The moderate-intensity continuous training involved 20 to 30 minutes of steady exercise at moderate intensity.

Researchers then compared fitness levels, cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure and stiffness of blood vessels, walking speeds, and distances between the two groups. All assessments were repeated one final time 8 weeks after the exercise interventions to evaluate whether the changes were sustained over time.

Researchers found:

  • The high-intensity interval training group’s cardiorespiratory fitness levels (rate of oxygen consumed at peak exercise) improved twice as much as the moderate-intensity continuous training group: 3.5 milliliters of oxygen consumed in one minute, per kilogram of body weight (mL/kg/min) compared to 1.7 mL/kg/min.
  • The improvement in the high-intensity interval training group stayed above clinically important thresholds even at the 8-week follow-up (1.71 mL/kg/min), whereas the moderate-intensity continuous training group did not (0.67 mL/kg/min).
  • Both the high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training groups gained improvement in walking endurance, as measured by distance walked over 6 minutes. At baseline, both groups could walk about 355 meters (the approximate distance of three American football fields) over 6 minutes. After 12 weeks of exercise, both groups increased their walking distance by 8 meters and after the 8-week follow-up, they increased their walking distance by 18 meters.

“This is the first randomized trial to examine a time-efficient, high-intensity interval training program to incorporate a phased and progressive approach,” said senior author Ada Tang, Ph.D., a physiotherapist, professor, and assistant dean of Rehabilitation Science at McMaster University. “We also used an adaptive recumbent stepper, which we believe allowed more people to participate in high-intensity interval training, even those who cannot walk fast enough or long enough on a treadmill.”

The limitations of the study include that study participants were higher functioning stroke survivors from a physical standpoint who were at lower risk for heart disease. Study minimum criteria included the ability to walk 10 meters without the physical assistance of another person, although the use of a cane or walker was permitted. Outcome assessments were unblinded at follow-up, which may have influenced results. Lastly, enrollment and exercise for the trial were halted two years for COVID-19 lockdowns, thus inflating the rate of participants who left the study and potentially limiting the statistical power of the analysis.

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In 2021, there were 7.44 million deaths attributable to stroke worldwide, according to the American Heart Association’s Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2024 Update.

Future research should examine stroke survivors with more severe impairment in physical function or heart disease risk, according to the study authors.

“Stroke rehabilitation professionals now have evidence to support implementing short, high-intensity interval training protocols in clinical practice. We showed our program is safe and effective at improving fitness and walking distance in people after stroke, which are important outcomes for stroke survivors,” Tang said.

Study details and background:

  • The study conducted at McGill University in Montreal and McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada included 82 predominantly white adults, (50 men, 32 women), ages 40 to 80. All had mild or minimal disability from a stroke about 1.8 years earlier.
  • Participants exercised on adaptive recumbent steppers that allowed for stroke survivors with a wide range of abilities to exercise at high intensities.
  • Assessments were done 3 times in total: before starting exercise training (baseline, 0 weeks), immediately after exercise (post, 12 weeks), follow-up 8 weeks after the intervention ended (i.e. 20 weeks from baseline).
  • At each assessment, researchers measured cardiovascular health fitness levels, including resting blood pressure, stiffness of arteries, waist-hip ratio (calculated by waist circumference at the belly button and hip circumference at the hip bone), and mobility (walking speed and distance).
  • No participants experienced any adverse effects, including feeling tired, shortness of breath, muscle soreness, cramps, or lightheadedness during exercise.

As with anything you read on the internet, this article should not be construed as medical advice; please talk to your doctor or primary care provider before changing your wellness routine. WHN does not agree or disagree with any of the materials posted. This article is not intended to provide a medical diagnosis, recommendation, treatment, or endorsement. Additionally, it is not intended to malign any religion, ethnic group, club, organization, company, individual, or anyone or anything. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. 

Content may be edited for style and length.

References/Sources/Materials provided by:

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This article was written by Karen Astle at the AHA/ASA Newsroom

Karen.Astle@heart.org

http://newsroom.heart.org/news/short-intense-bursts-of-exercise-more-effective-after-stroke-than-steady-moderate-exercise?preview=bb6eef1ad0e95b987cd2f8d2ed5da593

https://www.heart.org

http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.046564

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Fitness

How Jeremy Clarkson Reset His Health and Fitness at 66 – Walking, Pilates and Trying ‘Not to Die’

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How Jeremy Clarkson Reset His Health and Fitness at 66 – Walking, Pilates and Trying ‘Not to Die’

Rewind a decade or so, and Jeremy Clarkson had a particular disdain for exercise, healthy eating and denying himself life’s pleasures. He never worked out, smoked 40 cigarettes a day and, in his own words, drank four pints of wine daily. Now, at 65, his entire outlook on health and longevity has shifted.

At the heart of Clarkson’s desire to change are his young grandchildren.

‘I’m not going to dwell on the joys of being a grandparent because what can be said about it has already been said. But I have decided that it is so wonderful that I want it to go on for as long as is humanly possible. Which means I must do everything in my power not to die,’ he wrote in his column forThe Times.

And the British TV personality has certainly had a couple of wake-up calls.

After being admitted to hospital with pneumonia in 2017, Clarkson then suffered what he described as ‘really bad coronary artery problems’ at the end of 2024. Documented in the latest series of Clarkson’s Farm, he experienced a ‘sudden deterioration’ in his health and needed a stent fitted to restore proper blood flow.

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Why Clarkson Finally Started Taking His Health Seriously

Since then, he has taken up reformer Pilates, had a pickleball court installed at his Oxfordshire home and started going for walks when the weather is just right.

‘Eventually, I decided that organised, indoor exercise was not for me and decided instead to do walking. Not when it’s raining obviously. Or if it’s too cold, or hot. And not if I’m busy. But on a reasonably temperate Sunday morning, I’d get out there and pootle along,’ he wrote.

‘So far I’ve relied on luck to keep me alive. But I’m in sniper’s alley right now and I have to work at dodging the bullets. Two years ago, I saw old age as a wearisome tangle of tubes and knee-replacement surgery. Now though, thanks to my grandchildren, I’m actively looking forward to it.’

Clarkson’s comments highlight just how much his attitude to ageing has changed.

‘I’m buying time. It hurts and it’s expensive. But it’s better than wasting your money on a new watch.’

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The Diet Changes Behind Clarkson’s 3-Stone Weight Loss

Diet has also become a key part of his health overhaul.

He now eats burgers wrapped in lettuce rather than buns and opts for alcohol-free versions of his Hawkstone beer. Underpinning much of that change has been a microdose of the GLP-1 medication Mounjaro, which Clarkson credits with helping him lose more than three stone in six months by suppressing his appetite – although he admits he doesn’t particularly enjoy the experience.

‘When you are on Muntjac [his name for Mounjaro] you can come down in the morning and idly help yourself to a small handful of sunflower seeds,’ Clarkson said. ‘And it’ll feel like you’ve just finished a massive Christmas lunch. You’re stuffed.

‘So you find yourself living a minibar existence. Tiny packets of milk, sachets with only three grains of sugar in them, vodka in thimbles. That’s not living, though. That’s existing.’


If there’s one thing Kori Sampson knows, it’s how to optimise your body composition for performance. To tap into his knowledge as an elite athlete and coach, we asked him to create a 4-week plan to help you move faster, recover quicker and keep pushing when the fatigue sets in – all while improving your muscle-to-fat ratio.

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Ready to build muscle, burn fat and come out the other side looking, feeling and performing better? Click here to get 14 days of free access to the plan via the Men’s Health app.


Headshot of Ryan Dabbs

Ryan is a Senior Writer at Men’s Health UK with a passion for storytelling, health and fitness. Having graduated from Cardiff University in 2020, and later obtaining his NCTJ qualification, Ryan started his career as a Trainee News Writer for sports titles Golf Monthly, Cycling Weekly and Rugby World before progressing to Staff Writer and subsequently Senior Writer with football magazine FourFourTwo.

During his two-and-a-half years there he wrote news stories for the website and features for the magazine, while he also interviewed names such as Les Ferdinand, Ally McCoist, Jamie Redknapp and Antonio Rudiger, among many others. His standout memory, though, came when getting the opportunity to speak to then-Plymouth Argyle manager Steven Schumacher as the club won League One in 2023.

Having grown up a keen footballer and playing for his boyhood side until the age of 16, Ryan got the opportunity to represent Northern Ireland national futsal team eight times, scoring three goals against England, Scotland and Gibraltar. Now past his peak, Ryan prefers to mix weightlifting with running – he achieved a marathon PB of 3:31:49 at Manchester in April 2025, but credits the heat for failing to get below the coveted 3:30 mark…

You can follow Ryan on Instagram or on X  

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Fitness coach debunks 8 ‘crazy’ exercise myths women still believe: From periods and workouts to weightlifting

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Fitness coach debunks 8 ‘crazy’ exercise myths women still believe: From periods and workouts to weightlifting

Despite growing awareness around fitness and women’s health, several outdated exercise myths continue to persist. From misconceptions about strength training to beliefs surrounding periods, pregnancy and weight loss, many women still receive advice that isn’t backed by science. These myths can not only slow progress but also discourage women from prioritising their health and fitness. (Also read: Can eating too much protein be harmful? Experts explain why excess intake may do more harm than good )

Fitness coach debunks 8 harmful fitness myths women still face. (Pexels )

Fitness coach Zoe recently addressed some of the most common misconceptions women continue to hear in a June 12 Instagram post titled, “craziest exercise myths women still hear.” Here’s what she had to say:

1. Periods mean complete bed rest

According to Zoe, menstruation does not mean you need to stop exercising altogether. “No. You can train. Just adjust intensity if needed,” she wrote, explaining that while energy levels may fluctuate during different phases of the menstrual cycle, movement and exercise can still be beneficial.

2. After marriage or kids, fitness is not important

Many women are often made to feel that fitness should take a back seat after major life changes such as marriage or motherhood. Zoe strongly disagrees. “That is exactly when it becomes more important,” she said, highlighting the need to maintain strength, mobility and overall health while navigating increased responsibilities.

3. A C-section means your core is gone forever

Recovering from a Caesarean delivery can be challenging, but Zoe says it doesn’t mean women should give up on rebuilding strength. “Wrong. It means you need rebuilding, not giving up,” she wrote, emphasising that gradual rehabilitation and proper training can help restore core function.

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4. Walking around the house is enough exercise

While daily movement is important, Zoe points out that it isn’t the same as a structured workout. “No. That is movement, not full training,” she explained, noting that a balanced fitness routine should include strength, mobility and cardiovascular exercises.

5. Sweating more means more fat loss

Many people associate excessive sweating with effective fat burning, but Zoe says that’s a common misunderstanding. “No. It means you are hot,” she wrote. Sweat is the body’s cooling mechanism and does not necessarily reflect the number of calories burned or fat lost.

6. Running will ruin your uterus, boobs or joints

This long-standing myth often discourages women from running or high-impact activities. “No. Poor preparation and weak support is the issue,” Zoe said, stressing the importance of proper training, supportive gear and gradually building endurance.

7. Women should only do yoga, not weights

Strength training is still viewed by some as a male-dominated form of exercise, but Zoe believes women benefit greatly from lifting weights. “Women need strength too,” she wrote, highlighting how resistance training supports muscle mass, bone health, metabolism and overall fitness.

8. Carbs at night make you fat

Carbohydrates often get unfairly blamed for weight gain, especially when eaten in the evening. “No. Overeating does,” Zoe explained, pointing out that overall calorie intake and dietary patterns matter far more than the timing of carbohydrate consumption.

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Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.

This report is based on user-generated content from social media. HT.com has not independently verified the claims and does not endorse them.

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As cost of living bites, one of the things slipping may be fitness goals

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As cost of living bites, one of the things slipping may be fitness goals

For Hobart teacher Mary Holton, health means everything. 

She started feeling the squeeze from cost-of-living pressures when fuel prices spiked again.

“Going out for just fitness alone was a bit much,”

she said.

Mary Holton says since joining the group, her fitness across the board has improved. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Many Tasmanians are feeling cost-of-living pressures in a very physical way, with locals saying exercise routines are being dropped, health appointments delayed and wellbeing pushed to the bottom of the list as budgets tighten.

Ms Holton relies on multiple physiotherapy sessions each week, but says paid fitness classes simply are not an option.

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That costs … so to actually go to other classes as well, it’s out of my budget really.

People working out in a community hall.

Ollie Mathewson conducts a free workout session. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

National data shows that almost half of Australians already fall short of minimum physical activity guidelines, and rising prices are making even basic care unaffordable for many.

Consultant clinical psychologist academic Kimberley Norris says this is exactly how unhealthy patterns begin.

“We tend to focus on the most stressful thing first … and health is one of those things we don’t think about until things go wrong,”

Professor Norris said.

Woman standing at the end of a corridor.

Kimberley Norris says humans tend to focus on alleviating stress first and foremost, and warns de-prioritising health can become a cycle. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

For Ms Holton, going to a free workout group in her local community was a game-changer.

“Came down and absolutely loved it. It’s really nice to have a group and it just keeps growing,” she said.

Finding a free exercise group has drastically improved her health, as noted by her GP, and she is part of a growing trend.

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Free exercise classes become a lifeline

At a community exercise class in South Arm, south-east of Hobart, the mood is upbeat, with laughter, movement, and a sense of relief. 

Participation has more than doubled in the past year, with more than 100 Tasmanians now involved.

Trainer Ollie Mathewson said the surge was unmistakable.

“It’s free of charge for everybody … and over the last 12 months I’ve noticed a lot more people starting to come along,”

he said.

Man standing in front of a playground.

Ollie Mathewson says attendance at his classes has almost doubled over the past year. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Across greater Hobart, free and low-cost alternatives are multiplying and include walking groups, community-run circuits, and morning and afternoon fitness meet-ups. 

Tasmanians are increasingly organising their own solutions.

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Mr Mathewson said connections drive outcomes.

A lot of people talk about weight and strength, which are obviously insanely important, having other people there to push you single every week makes it a hundred times easier.

Professor Norris said one’s health can be prioritised for free.

“What we know about health is, it’s more about sustainable wellbeing, it’s about quality of life,” she said.

“So rather than focusing on how much you can deadlift, how far you can run, it’s about how your life has improved and how close your life is to the way you want to live it.”

She said free options were vital because once people stop moving, it becomes harder to start again.

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If we develop routines in which health is not a priority, then we almost get stuck in this cycle of health always being last.

Health appointments being delayed or dropped

For some Tasmanians, the financial pressure is forcing even tougher choices.

Woman standing in front of a brick wall leading to a dock full of boats.

Amy Dakin says she can’t even think about getting a gym membership with all the other costs of living on her mind. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Amy Dakin, who lives with a compromised immune system, often has no choice but to delay essential care.

“My health needs to be prioritised, but your bills come first, really,” she said.

Woman standing in front of a carpark.

Jordyn Rowbottom says she’s not the only one changing her hobbies to save on costs. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Jordyn Rowbottom has seen the same pattern around her.

“People are being forced to cut what they can access,”

she said.

Professor Norris warns that these short-term decisions can create long-term harm, not just for individuals, but for the broader health system.

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She said the combination of financial pressure and reduced physical activity would create a public health challenge.

Trainers adapting to shrinking budgets

Personal trainer Nickola Orr works with clients across different income levels, ages and needs. 

She said affordability now shapes almost every program she designs.

“You want to make sure they can get as much help as they can within their price range,”

she said.

GYM

Nickola Orr is concerned about access to fitness and health services in the face of rising cost pressures. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

With the median individual spend on fitness in Tasmania sitting at almost $600 last year, Ms Orr said the warning signs were already visible.

“We’re going to see more results of long-term neglect; higher injuries, more need for mental health assistance. It’s going to snowball.”

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Her concerns echo Professor Norris’s academic findings that once healthy routines break down, the consequences ripple for years.

“The changes are very small … while they add up over time, there is no immediate impact,”

Ms Orr said.

Calls for more free and low-cost options

Mr Mathewson hopes the success of free community classes will inspire governments and private operators to expand accessible fitness programs.

“More free options would be a great thing. There are a few now, but there should be more,” he said.

The Tasmanian government has said it will release its 20-year preventive health strategy this month, titled The Health Revolution.

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A Department of Health spokesperson said the strategy “will address the broader social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health and wellbeing”.

“Specific issues about access to health services and programs are being considered through the Access to Health Services project, a Commonwealth-State partnership.

The Health Revolution will complement that project by addressing the root causes of poor health and the underlying conditions to make it easier for Tasmanians to live well.

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