Fitness
Move More, Live Healthier Lives: Special Olympics Health Messengers, Fitness Captains, and Coaches Inspiring Their Communities to Get Moving
Fitness is a key aspect of Special Olympics’ mission. Special Olympics Fitness comprises three components that focus on healthy lifestyle behaviors: physical activity, nutrition, and hydration. When Special Olympics athletes practice regular physical activity, eat healthy, and stay hydrated, they improve their health, confidence, and quality of life.
According to Special Olympics Fitness 2024 Annual Report, 74% of athletes report improved confidence in doing physical activity after participating in Special Olympics fitness programming. This focus on fitness extends beyond individual athletes and into entire communities. Across the globe, Special Olympics Athlete Leaders and coaches are inspiring others to be more active daily. They are dedicated to making fitness more inclusive, leading education and fitness activities, and empowering their fellow athletes, family members, and other supporters of the Special Olympics movement to live healthy lifestyles.
This emphasis on movement is celebrated globally on World Day for Physical Activity, observed annually on 6 April, which promotes physical activity and encourages people of all abilities to move more every day. This World Day for Physical Activity, we’re highlighting Athlete Leaders and a coach who have taken on a variety of leadership roles to empower athletes to stay active year-round. Get to know them below!
Ayoub Deboub – Special Olympics Ireland
Ayoub Deboub is an athlete, football and Special Olympics Young Athletes coach, Certified Personal Trainer, Special Olympics International Fitness Advisory Committee member, and advocate for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). He is passionate about making fitness inclusive for everyone.
Having grown up with a disability and gone through multiple surgeries, Ayoub understands first-hand the challenges and barriers people with IDD face when it comes to physical activity. These experiences have shaped his belief that sport isn’t just about winning; it’s about building skills, confidence, and empowering every athlete to reach their full potential.
Reflecting on these experiences, Ayoub said, “Throughout the years, I’ve worked in schools and centres to create opportunities for people of all abilities. I hosted a fitness workshop for the Eastern Region in Special Olympics Ireland, focusing on breaking barriers for physical activity by introducing simple, adapted, and enjoyable exercises. There were team-building exercises and stations with different workouts for the athletes. The energy and engagement throughout the session were incredible, with many stepping outside their comfort zones.
By the end, participants felt more empowered and motivated to stay active in their daily lives. I believe the workshop made a real impact by showing that disability should never be a limitation to leading an active and healthy lifestyle.”
To Ayoub, fitness means empowerment, inclusion, and personal growth.
Krystal Johnson – Special Olympics Southern California
Krystal Johnson has been an athlete with Special Olympics Southern California for 25 years. She is a multi-sport athlete competing in tennis, floorball, bowling, and athletics. As a Fitness Captain, Krystal supports her teammates in maintaining their health on and off the field. Fitness Captains are athletes on a sports team who lead the team in activities related to fitness and a healthy lifestyle. Krystal uses her leadership and communication skills to empower athletes to be healthy and fit.
When asked about why she wanted to become a Fitness Captain, Krystal shared, “I enjoy being a Fitness Captain leading warmups and cooldowns with my fellow teammates. I want to help us all get ready for a good day at practice. I want to help promote fitness to my teammates by being an example. They see me working with the coaches and this is something that they can learn to become part of.”
Banele Makhonco – Special Olympics South Africa
Banele Makhonco is a Special Olympics South Africa athlete, coach, and Athlete Input Council member based in the Eastern Cape Province. He has become a true champion in health and fitness.
For Banele, fitness goes beyond staying healthy; it’s become a way for him to connect with others in his community. In addition to leading boot camp fitness activities in his community, Banele also runs inclusive training sessions for people of all abilities, helping each person reach their true potential.
Banele explained, “I help others with routines, training strategies, and training plans. I also assist other colleagues and the local gym. Most importantly, I support my former school with fitness sessions and assist selected athletes when they go to Provincial or National Games.”
Banele is also passionate about teaching others about the importance of nutrition, and that to be a great athlete, you must be a healthy athlete. His hope this World Day for Physical Activity is that everyone can “understand that health and fitness is a way of life. It is important to keep fit and live healthy because you can live a longer life without suffering from petty illnesses.”
Susan David – Special Olympics Namibia (Coach)
Susan David has been a Special Olympics Namibia coach for 27 years. Her journey into fitness and health was shaped not only by her passion, but by the athletes she coached.
When Susan first started fitness training, she shared that she “was simply a coach who gave instructions to athletes. I guided them on what to do, but I was not fully practicing what I was teaching. Over time, the athletes began to influence me in a powerful way. Their dedication and energy rubbed off on me, and I became more interested in fitness myself.”
Susan found herself inspired by the dedication and energy of the athletes, which led her to follow what she loved.
“I started doing what I preached,” Susan shared. “One athlete who lives close to my house, a [Special Olympics] Health Messenger, played a big role in my journey. He would remind me about my running schedule and encourage me to stay consistent.Today, I love running and continuously work towards improving my fitness.”
Today, Susan continues to lead fitness sessions with the support of Fitness Captains and Health Messengers in schools and communities.
Kayla Cornell – Special Olympics Michigan
Kayla Cornell is a Health Messenger, athlete, and serves on the Special Olympics Fitness Team’s Athlete App Advisory Committee. One way Kayla motivates her fellow athletes and herself to stay active is by using the Special Olympics Fitness App.
The Special Olympics Fitness App is a free, inclusive fitness tool designed to help athletes with IDD stay active, build healthy habits, and feel empowered in their wellness journey. The app features fun challenges and helps you track your workouts, nutrition, sleep, and mental wellness.
When asked about her favorite features of the app, Kayla mentioned: “What really sets the experience apart for me is the resource section. I use a ton of the resources available there to stay informed and keep my routine fresh. Whether it’s looking up new exercise techniques or following health tips, having all that information in one place makes staying healthy feel much more manageable.”
The app also provides healthy tips to stay motivated and lets users share their progress with friends. “We talk a lot about how the app makes fitness fun and less stressful, and by working together from different places, we can show others that you don’t have to be in the same room to stay active,” Kayla added.
These stories remind us of the importance of being active year-round, and how this can promote well-being among athletes, families, and community members.
Interested in learning more? Download the free Special Olympics Fitness App on the Apple or Google Play stores. The app features health behavior tracking, goal setting, fitness challenges, and resources, including being able to do Fit 5 exercise videos right from your phone!
From the teeth-gritting clench of a bicep curl to the dip of a squat, we tend to think of upwards movements as the most beneficial part of strength training.
The “lifting” motion in which our muscles shorten – known as concentric exercise – is important. But what happens on the way down, when we lower a weight and our muscles lengthen – known as eccentric exercise – can be just as beneficial, according to a new article published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science.
Professor Ken Nosaka, director of exercise and sports science at Edith Cowan University and the article’s author, has been researching eccentric exercise, which includes movements such as chair squats, wall sit-ups and walking downhill, for decades.
What is eccentric exercise and who is it for?
There are three different ways our muscles contract: concentrically (lifting), eccentrically (lowering) and isometrically (staying static). Many common exercises combine all three.
But Nosaka believes we often overlook this second type of movement. His research suggests can be just as beneficial as concentric movement for building strength and muscle size, as well as less fatiguing.
“Eccentric movement is a more powerful stimulus for muscles to get stronger,” he says.
This includes findings that the same strength gains can be achieved with half the reps if you lower instead of lift, while a 2023 study of his found even a single, three-second eccentric arm contraction each day can improve strength.
Given that eccentric exercises require less metabolic energy and oxygen to perform, Nosaka thinks they are particularly beneficial for older and/or sedentary adults.
However, Dr Lewis Ingram, a physiotherapy lecturer at the University of South Australia says purely focusing on just one component of exercise can be a little reductionist.
“I think that the general population should just do the whole exercise. Breaking the exercise down and just doing the eccentric component is a lot more work to do in terms of the feasibility of it,” he says.
A bicep curl, for example, needs to involve an upwards movement for it to be repeated.
But Nosaka says one way to focus on eccentric movement is with the “2:1 method”, which involves using both limbs to lift a weight, and just one to lower it.
He adds that this style of exercise can be just as beneficial for bone density.
“When you are doing eccentric contractions, the tendon is more stretched. The stretch signal is going to the bone, which is getting stronger,” he says. “When you are descending stairs, you have put more weight on one leg, right? So then that can increase bone mineral density.”
While Ingram points out many studies referenced in the paper don’t rely on robust enough evidence – small sample sizes, for example – he says it is important to slow down and focus on eccentric movement to build muscle (around three seconds, according to Nosaka).
He says solely focusing on eccentric movement can be beneficial for elite athletes, and exercises in which someone is not strong enough to perform an “upwards” concentric movement, such as a pull-up.
What muscle soreness after exercise means
Another common belief about exercise is “no pain, no gain”, the idea that muscle soreness correlates to effort and results.
“Eccentric contraction can cause muscle soreness, especially the first time you do it or after a long time without exercising,” says Nosaka.
“But the important thing is that muscle damage or muscle soreness is not necessary if you want to get strong or get a bigger muscle size.”
To prevent the muscle soreness that can come from eccentric exercise, he recommends performing fewer reps at lower loads to start with.
However, hypertrophy or skeletal muscle building does require increasing load over time, says Nosaka.
Ingram agrees that soreness is generally most attributed to eccentric contractions, but is not necessarily an indicator of a good workout, and tends to dissipate with repetition over time.
Keep it simple
One of Nosaka’s favourite eccentric exercises is one we do daily.
“We normally sit down on the chair maybe 20 times a day – at mealtimes, for example, and when you watch TV or you go to the toilet. So whenever you sit down, try to lower yourself more slowly,” he says.
Ultimately, Ingram says the general population should just keep it simple, particularly given most adults fail to meet benchmarks for physical activity.
He says most people should aim to follow the World Health Organisation’s guidelines, which recommend 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity throughout the week, and at least two strength training sessions per week.
“If we can just get people to do the basics right, then that’s a lot more effective.”
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Christine Lampard swears by one low-pressure and realistic approach to staying fit: NEAT exercise. Standing for Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis, NEAT exercise refers to any movement you do that isn’t planned. For Christine, that means being on her feet doing chores around the house, walking her children to school, or dog walking – it keeps her active, without the pressure of a formal routine.
‘I don’t go to the gym but I’m always moving and I think that keeps me fit,’ she explained in an interview with Woman and Home magazine. ‘Frank is very good with gym stuff but I find that general activeness and not sitting around for too long is pretty good for me. I was up at 5.45 this morning preparing breakfast, making lunches and getting the kids ready.
‘I walked my daughter to school while she rode along on her little scooter and then I took our dog out. I’m also active around the house and it gets my steps up without trying.’
The 47-year-old Loose Women host strongly believes you don’t need a gym membership – or formal workouts – to stay healthy, but walking (a form of NEAT exercise) is a big part of her routine.
In a separate TikTok video for Woman and Home magazine, she explained how it can be so effective: ‘I can be very lazy when it comes to exercise. But actually, I’ve always said this, I walk. I walk and I walk. I don’t do any classes or anything like that. I’d love to get into Pilates but that’s something I’ve talked about for about 20 years and never acted on it. But walking for me, I get the dog and the children out, we go to the park, no matter what the weather is. And I’ve found walking the absolute perfect exercise for me, it gets the heart pumping, keeps everything together, keeps you just generally fit.’
Why is NEAT exercise so effective?
Non-intentional exercise like this makes up significantly more of your TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure – how many calories you burn across each day), compared to the time you spend exercising in a gym doing a planned workout. NEAT makes up 50% of your TDEE, while a planned workout typically counts for roughly 10%. The more you fit movement into your day, whether that be doing household chores, walking instead of taking public transport, using a standing desk instead of sitting down, or carrying shopping instead of using a trolley, the more energy you expend and the bigger the fitness benefits.
Examples of NEAT exercise
Some other examples of NEAT include:
- Walking upstairs
- Walking the dog
- Carry grocery shopping
- Washing the car
- Fidgeting
- Playing with children or pets
- Using a standing desk
- Walking to the gym, shops, office instead of taking public or private transport
- Gardening
Christine’s underlying value is consistency over intensity – you don’t need formal workouts for results if that doesn’t work for you. Research consistently shows that regular, moderate exercise delivers meaningful health and fitness benefits, and sometimes the equivalent of fewer but more intense workout sessions. What matters most is showing up repeatedly.
As Women’s Health UK’s fitness director and a qualified Pilates and yoga instructor, Bridie Wilkins has been passionately reporting on exercise, health and nutrition since the start of her decade-long career in journalism.
After earning a first-class degree in journalism and NCTJ accreditation, she secured her first role at Look Magazine, where she launched the magazine’s health and fitness column, Look Fit, before going on to become Health and Fitness writer at HELLO!
Since, she has written for Stylist, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, The Metro, Runner’s World and Red. Today, she oversees all fitness content across Women’s Health online and in print, spearheading leading cross-platform franchises, such as ‘Fit At Any Age’, which showcases the women proving that age is no barrier to exercise.
She has also represented the brand on BBC Radio London, plus various podcasts and Substacks – all with the aim to encourage more women to exercise and show them how. Outside of work, find her trying the latest Pilates studio, testing her VO2 max for fun (TY, Oura), or posting workouts on Instagram.
Regular exercise can help to manage blood pressure, because it makes our hearts stronger.
But according to a huge 2023 study, which looked at 270 trials from 1990-2023, “isometric” exercises might be the most effective at the job, with “wall sits” the best performer among these.
Researchers found that isometric exercise was more likely, on average, to lower blood pressure than aerobic exercise training, dynamic resistance training, combined training, and high-intensity interval training, though all forms were still immensely helpful.
What is isometric exercise?
It involves keeping your body still while you tense specific muscles for a set period of time. You don’t move your joints during the movement.
“Isometric exercise” is sometimes called “static” exercise.
It is the opposite of “dynamic,” or “isotonic” exercise, which involves little load and consistent pressure on various muscles. For example, running and swimming.
Most forms of exercise involve a combination of isometric and isotonic exercise, though some are 100% one or the other.
What are some examples of isometric exercises?
- Wall sits
- Planks
- Glute bridges
- Side planks
- V-holds
- Calf raises
- Hollow holds
- Copenhagen planks.
In the 2023 study we mentioned earlier, published in the BMJ, wall sits (placing your back against a wall with your thighs parallel to the ground) were the most effective of the isometric exercises for lowering blood pressure.
Does that mean I should only do isometric exercises?
The best approach to exercise seems to be a mixture of weight training and aerobic training. This has been linked to increased longevity compared to sticking to one or the other.
Speaking to the British Heart Foundation, senior cardiac nurse, Joanne Whitmore, said: “Exercise is good for your heart health and health in general. It can reduce the risk of heart and circulatory diseases by up to a third.
“Aerobic exercise in particular can help the heart and circulatory system work better through lowering blood pressure. Current guidelines also encourage muscle-strengthening exercises, like yoga or Pilates.
“It’s encouraging to see other forms of exercise explored in this research as we know that those who take on exercise they enjoy, tend to carry on for longer, which is key in maintaining lower blood pressure.
“However, there are other lifestyle choices that can benefit your blood pressure. These include keeping to a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, cutting down on salt, not drinking too much alcohol and taking any prescribed medication”.
Speak to your doctor if you have a heart condition and want to take up new exercise, she added.
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