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Intensity Versus Consistency: The Real Impact of Exercise on Older Adults' Cardiorespiratory Health

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Intensity Versus Consistency: The Real Impact of Exercise on Older Adults' Cardiorespiratory Health

Reevaluating the Importance of Exercise Intensity

A recent systematic review and meta-analysis has challenged the widely held belief that high-intensity exercise is superior for older adults, highlighting that the consistency of regular aerobic exercise may hold the key to improved cardiorespiratory fitness in this demographic.

Aerobic Exercise: A Heart-Healthy Choice

According to the American Heart Association, older adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise every week. This regular exercise, whether it be walking or running, has numerous benefits for heart health. Improved circulation within the heart and throughout the cardiovascular system, reduction in cardiovascular risk, and improved metabolic rate are just a few advantages. This type of exercise also promotes fat burning, increases lean muscle mass, and reduces visceral fat. Additionally, exercise releases endorphins, which can improve mood, reduce stress levels, and lower the risk of anxiety disorders and depression.

High Intensity vs. Moderate Intensity: The Verdict

The systematic review and meta-analysis in question aimed to compare the effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The study included 23 RCTs with 1332 older adults, divided into moderate-intensity and high-intensity groups. The findings challenge the notion that high-intensity exercise is inherently superior, showing that regular aerobic exercise, irrespective of the specific approach and intensity, provides primary benefits to cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults.

Virtual Exercise: A New Reality

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the potential of digital transformation in terms of physical exercise. With the challenges of providing in-person care, alternative ways of medical assistance and supervision have emerged, including virtual environments for exercise. The promotion of various sports activities online has provided employers with the possibility for the long-term implementation of innovative programs to promote employees’ physical activity.

Exercise Variety for Heart Health

Aerobic exercise, strength training, and stretching all contribute to better heart and blood vessel function. The 2018 Physical Guidelines for Americans recommend at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, along with strength training two to three times per week. Stretching is also important to maintain strong, supple muscles and to avoid injury, and exercises like yoga and tai chi are highly recommended.

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The Importance of Regular Physical Activity

Regular aerobic exercise is crucial for older adults to maintain cardiorespiratory fitness. Various activities, including cardiovascular training, strength training, and balance training, are important to promote longevity and reduce the risk of serious health issues. Balance training is particularly important to reduce the risk of falls and injury. Strength training is essential for maintaining muscle and overall health as we age. Research shows that participants who perform moderate physical activity have a lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality.

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Fitness

Study shows the antioxidants in this tea improve exercise recovery

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Study shows the antioxidants in this tea improve exercise recovery

I love many different herbal teas just as much as I enjoy a good old-fashioned British cup of PG tips, Earl Grey, or Glengettie — a Welsh favorite from the rolling valleys where I was born. In an interesting study, researchers explored whether drinking green or matcha tea can improve sports performance and exercise recovery, and the results might have you reaching for a vibrant green drink. If you want to get straight to the results, the short answer is that drinking green and matcha tea can support hydration, body fat control, and exercise recovery. Still, it definitely won’t be a game-changer when it comes to your performance in the gym, on the court, or on the field.

Hydrating with tea

In a study published in Nutrition and Food Technology, researchers reviewed existing studies of athletes and active adults that focused solely on drinking tea — no pills or extracts. They revealed that green or matcha tea can help hydrate the body when consumed in normal amounts. Tea counts toward your daily water intake.

Antioxidants and recovery

The research highlighted how the widely-studied antioxidants in green and matcha tea can improve exercise recovery and help protect your cells from the stress associated with intense exercise. That said, the research shows that drinking tea won’t lead to faster or better strength gains, so it’s no silver bullet for helping you achieve your fitness goals. However, they also concluded that low-caffeine green tea could even improve sleep quality, which I would argue could potentially help you power through that workout if you’re getting better sleep the night before.

Linked to lower body fat

Interestingly, the study authors also concluded that drinking around two or three cups of green or matcha tea per day was associated with slightly lower body fat and improved body composition and fat burning. While the effects weren’t overly significant, they were noted in the research. Cup of tea, anyone?

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Taylor Swift’s fitness strategy that made 632 days long Eras Tour possible: Her exercise routine to stay energized

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Taylor Swift’s fitness strategy that made 632 days long Eras Tour possible: Her exercise routine to stay energized
Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour was a feat few artists could imagine. Spanning 632 days from March 2023 to December 2024, the tour included 149 shows across five continents and became the highest-grossing tour in history. Behind the glittering performances, Swift relied on an intense and meticulously planned exercise routine to sustain the stamina required for her marathon three-and-a-half-hour concerts.

Preparing for a Physical Marathon

Before the tour began, Swift recognized the physical challenge she was about to face. “I never would’ve believed you if you told me we were doing a three-and-a-half-hour show. Saying it is one thing, doing it is another,” she admitted in the Disney+ docuseries The End of an Era. For comparison, her longest previous show had lasted just two hours and 15 minutes.

To meet these demands, Swift began training six months ahead of her first rehearsal. Her daily treadmill sessions mirrored the tempo of the songs she would perform live, with faster tracks prompting running and slower songs calling for brisk walks or light jogging. “You just don’t want them to see you panting,” she explained to TIME.

Strength and Conditioning Regimen

While cardio built endurance, strength training ensured she could perform high-energy choreography without fatigue. Under the guidance of longtime trainer Kirk Myers, Swift tackled exercises such as battle ropes, medicine ball throws, assisted pull-ups, sledgehammer workouts, leg raises, and Russian twists. Myers described her as “the most resilient person I have ever met,” highlighting her ability to persevere through challenging workouts.

Swift’s humor surfaced even during difficult exercises. “In no way do I ever apply this … at any point in the show, I just want to flag that as I do every time I have to do pull-ups. Strong dislike. Two thumbs down,” she said, referring to resistance band-assisted pull-ups. She jokingly attributed her increasing strength to “all the pent-up rage and resentment” she felt toward the moves.

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Dance Training and On-Stage Precision

Beyond the gym, Swift committed three months to dance rehearsals with choreographer Mandy Moore to ensure every move was second nature. “I wanted to be so over-rehearsed that I could be silly with the fans, and not lose my train of thought,” she shared with TIME. The precision extended to rapid costume changes, often completed in under 1 minute and 15 seconds, with the fastest taking just 39 seconds.

Swift ran an estimated eight miles per show while performing over 40 songs that spanned her musical eras. High-cardio sections, including the 1989 and Reputation sets, were particularly demanding. Yet she described the physical challenge as secondary to the personal purpose the tour provided, especially during a period marked by two breakups.

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I’ve been doing this standing exercise for six months and it’s transformed my core strength

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I’ve been doing this standing exercise for six months and it’s transformed my core strength

I’ve been working out for years and I can do sit-ups in my sleep—but I still struggle to activate my core.

I’ve always found it difficult to build strength in this area, until a trainer recommended trying a standing exercise called the Pallof press.

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