Finance
Money expert shares the No. 1 thing she does before buying a home: ‘It puts you in a completely different spot financially’
Buying a home is one of the biggest — and hardest — purchases of your life. Add on the fluctuating housing market and high mortgage rates, and the process can get even more complex.
That’s why Rachel Cruze, a personal finance expert and co-host of the “Smart Money Happy Hour” business podcast, used her dad’s home-buying formula before purchasing her first house.
The first step: Get free of any debt. Then, build up three to six months worth of emergency savings.
“My husband and I followed the formula,” Cruze tells CNBC Make It. “I know that’s really hard for a lot of people because of student loans, and the obvious debt that the average American racks up. But when you have no debts and your income is all yours … it puts you in a completely different spot financially.”
For many people, getting out of debt is easier said than done. And building an emergency fund, if you don’t already have one, can take time. Still, you need both before buying a home, says Cruze.
Here’s why, along with some expert advice on how to achieve both steps of the formula.
Step 1: Get debt-free
Many Americans carry some form of debt. For 35% of Americans, it’s credit card debt, according to a January 2023 Bankrate survey.
As of last year, 43.5 million Americans had federal student loans, according to the U.S. Department of Education. And 51% of student loan holders say their debt has delayed them from purchasing a home, a 2021 NAR report found.
Paying off debt before buying a home is a practical concern: Depending on how high your debts are, you could be denied a mortgage or incur a high interest rate on one, even if your credit score is good.
Becoming debt-free is a tedious process, but it isn’t impossible. Take Jasmine Taylor, a 31-year-old who used a “cash stuffing” strategy to pay off $23,000 in student loans and $9,000 worth of medical and credit card debt in a year.
Cash stuffing means you only spend money that you have in cash. Practitioners typically use a zero-based budgeting method, Taylor told CNBC Make It in March: “That means you start your budget with whatever your paycheck number is, and you give every dollar a place to go, down to zero.”
Other strategies for paying off debt include completing a credit card balance transfer and following the snowball method, which is when you pay off the smallest balances first to build momentum. CNBC Make It’s loan calculator can help you visualize how long it might take you to get out of debt.
Step 2: Build a three to six month emergency fund
Saving for a down payment is hard. In fact, 29% of first-time homebuyers say it’s the most challenging part of the homebuying process, according to a 2022 report from the National Association of Realtors.
But once you finally stockpile enough cash, you can’t stop there. Inspection fees, mortgage payments, moving costs, repairs and other household responsibilities require money, too.
That’s where your emergency fund comes in.
“[When] you own a home, you know very quickly that it’s really expensive,” Cruze says. “It’s everything from washers and dryers to heating and air. I mean, we had [two] ice machines that went out … We got the bill and I was like, ‘What? For an ice machine? That’s how much it costs?”
You can build an emergency fund in a variety of ways. If you used cash stuffing to get out of debt, you can simply keep using the tactic to funnel money into a savings account, for example. You could also benefit from putting any cash windfall you receive — from an annual bonus to a tax refund — directly into your savings, rather than immediately spending it.
Whatever method of saving you choose, setting “realistic expectations” is the most important part, says Cruze.
“It takes a level of maturity just to look at the facts and say, ‘OK, regardless of how I feel, regardless of how frustrated and annoyed I am, here is where we are financially and here are the numbers that have to work for us,’” she says. “It may not be the home that you could have gotten four years ago, but this is the home you can have today.”
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Finance
Personal finance guru Dave Ramsey warns over 'mind-blowing' Christmas debt
Holiday spending is putting a big strain on American wallets and leaving some in debt well past the holiday season; however, personal finance expert Dave Ramsey said ‘mind-blowing’ debt can be avoided.
“The average over the last several years has been that people pay their credit card debt from Christmas into May,” The Ramsey Solutions personality shared during an appearance on “Fox & Friends” on Wednesday. “So it takes them about half the year to come back, and because they don’t plan for Christmas… it sneaks up on them like they move it or something.”
According to a study conducted by Achieve, the average American will spend more than $2,000 for the 2024 holiday season, breaking down the outflow of cash into travel and holiday spending on hosting parties, food, clothing, and other gifts.
STOP OVERSPENDING OVER THE HOLIDAYS AND START THE NEW YEAR OFF FINANCIALLY STRONG
Another recent survey by CouponBirds indicated that parents will spend an average of $461 per child and that 49% of parents will go into debt to pay for this Christmas.
The Ramsey Solutions personality balked at the amount of money shelled out for the season while explaining that the holiday should not come as a shock, and that spending for it should be planned out.
“Those numbers are mind-blowing when you look at the averages there. That’s a lot of money going out,” Ramsey added, “all in the name of happiness comes from stuff, and it doesn’t.”
He also weighed in and agreed on advice from fellow expert, Ramsey Solutions personality and daughter Rachel Cruze, who suggested making a list of people to shop for and noting how much to spend on each.
“You know, I’m old, and I met a guy from the North Pole,” the expert joked. “He said ‘make a list and check it twice,’ so Rachel’s right.”
Ramsey followed up by expanding on his daughter’s suggestion: “If you do that, and you put a name beside it, and then you total up those dollar amounts, you have what’s called a Christmas budget.”
“If you stick to that, you won’t overspend,” “The Ramsey Show” host remarked.
The money guru pointed out what he sees as problematic with the holiday season – not taking a shot at Christmas itself – but referring back to the spending issues.
“The problem with Christmas is not that we enjoy buying gifts for someone else. That’s a wonderful thing,” he reassured. “The problem is we impulse our butts off, and we double up what we spend because the retailers make all their money during this season.”
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Ramsey concluded by advising shoppers to be wary of retailers and to not be ensnared by their marketing strategies.
“They’re great merchandisers,” he warned. “They’re great at putting stuff in front of us that we hadn’t planned to buy.”
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Finance
5 smart ways to use a year-end bonus
Are you expecting a year-end bonus? If so, you’re probably dreaming up all the ways you could spend that windfall.
The average bonus was $2,447 in December 2023, according to payroll company Gusto. That’s a sizeable chunk of change — one that could put you in a better place financially in 2025 with proper planning.
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If you expect a bonus to land in your account soon, it may be tempting to splurge. And that’s perfectly fine. After all, you deserve a reward after working hard all year.
However, before you make an impulsive purchase, consider a few ways you could use those funds to improve your financial situation.
In today’s high interest rate environment, it’s expensive to carry debt. And the higher the interest rates you’re paying, the faster that debt balance can grow.
So, consider using your end-of-year bonus to pay off some of your debts. Not only does this clear your balance faster, but it also saves you money in interest over time.
For example, say you have $3,000 in credit card debt at 21% APR. If you took 12 months to pay off that debt, you’d pay $279 per month and spend about $352 in interest (assuming you don’t make any new purchases on the card).
Now let’s say you receive a $2,000 bonus and use it to pay down your credit card balance to $1,000. In this case, you’d only need to pay $93 per month to eliminate your balance in one year. And you’d pay just $117 in interest — a savings of $235.
Read more: What’s more important: Saving money or paying off debt?
If you’re not sure what to do with your bonus money, you shouldn’t feel pressured to use it right away. You can set it aside in a bank account while you decide. However, if your money is going to sit in the bank, you should at least earn interest and help it grow without any work on your part.
Following the Federal Reserve’s recent rate cuts, deposit account rates are on the decline. Still, there are plenty of high-yield savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit (CDs) that pay upwards of 4% APY (or even more). Take some time to compare today’s rates and account options and put your bonus in an account that will help it grow.
See our picks for the best account options today:
It’s important to have a financial safety net in the event of a financial emergency, such as a car repair or job loss. An emergency fund can help you keep your budget intact and avoid taking on new debt to cover a surprise expense.
It’s typically recommended that you keep enough money in your emergency fund to cover three to six months’ worth of living expenses, though you might need more in certain situations. If you don’t already have an adequate emergency fund in place, a year-end bonus could help you get started.
Read more: How much money should I have in an emergency savings account?
One of the best things you can do for Future You is invest for your golden years. In particular, retirement accounts such as 401(k)s and IRAs are a good option because you can contribute pre-tax dollars, which allows you to lower your tax bill in April (or get a bigger refund), as well as defer taxes until you make withdrawals.
For the 2024 tax year, you can contribute up to $23,000 in a 401(k), and an extra $7,000 if you’re age 50 or older. If you haven’t prioritized saving for retirement in the past, or you want to take full advantage of an employer match, you can ask your payroll department to direct some or all of your bonus to your account.
Read more: 401(k) vs. IRA: The differences and how to choose which is right for you
As we mentioned, there’s no harm in splurging once in a while, as long as your financial obligations are squared away.
If you don’t want to feel like you’re depriving yourself, set aside half of your bonus for a “responsible” purpose and use the other half however you’d like. This can give you the momentum you need to stay the course when it comes to your financial goals, while still enjoying the fruits of your labor.
Read more: How much of your paycheck should you save?
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