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What to Know About College Admissions Now That Affirmative Action Is Gone

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What to Know About College Admissions Now That Affirmative Action Is Gone

With the Supreme Court decision banning race-conscious affirmative action, the college admissions process is about to change for everyone. Hundreds of colleges have stopped requiring standardized tests, essays are likely to be much more important, and admissions decisions could become much more subjective.

We asked readers to send us their questions about college admissions, and answered a few of them below.

How much do extracurriculars count in an application? For example, I’m a writer who has entered a handful of contests and self-published some stories. How far do I need to take that to get into a Top 20, or my dream school, Columbia? — Jackson Urrutia-Andrews, Folsom, Calif.

That’s a hard question to answer without a clearer picture of your entire application.

But we ran your question by Terry Mady-Grove, a college admissions consultant based in Port Washington, N.Y. She said it was highly unlikely that one extracurricular activity alone would propel you into a Top 20 college.

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Even winning a writing contest won’t necessarily be the ticket to Columbia, she said, but exhibiting a long term passion for writing could be a big help.

“What can truly set a student apart is dedication over a period of time,” Ms. Mady-Grove said. “While entering contests could be a plus, authentic, sustained dedication and demonstrating a true love for writing will be key.”

Do men have an advantage since women applicants outnumber them? — Denise Somsak, Evendale, Ohio

You’ve hit on a problem that poses a quandary for college admissions officials: the gender gap.

Nationally, more women than men apply to college, attend college and receive degrees. Female students make up nearly 60 percent of students across the country.

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Though you would be hard put to get an admissions officer to confirm it, there have been reports that suggest that male students have an easier time getting into college.

An analysis by The Brown Daily Herald of the 2021-22 admissions cycle found that Brown University received 13,000 more applications from women, and that men had a decided advantage in admissions. During that cycle, 6.73 percent of male applicants were admitted, compared with 4.06 percent of women, the analysis found.

But a look at admissions numbers at another highly selective campus, the University of Virginia, found that the acceptance rate was about the same for men and women. But because more women than men apply, more women are admitted.

If there aren’t any standards (no required SAT scores), if we can’t talk about race (no affirmative action) and if it’s only based on grade point averages, why don’t we just move to a lottery system? — Chelsey Kueffer, Captain Cook, Hawaii

The idea of admitting students to very selective schools, like the Ivy League, by lottery seems the very antithesis of the current process. But some academics have started to talk about lotteries as a potential way to reform college admissions.

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Whether it will ever happen is an open question.

Michael Sandel, a Harvard political theorist, wrote a book that assailed meritocracy, “The Tyranny of Merit: What’s Become of the Common Good?”

He worried that students at elite colleges failed to recognize that luck, not just hard work, went into their success. And he proposed that elite schools like Harvard hold a lottery for students above a basic minimum threshold.

How would that work?

L. Song Richardson, president of Colorado College, said she has been intrigued by Mr. Sandel’s concept of a lottery.

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“What I like about the lottery admissions idea is that it’s more transparent,” she said in an interview.

It would be something of a guided lottery, she says. Students would have to meet a certain threshold first — say, grades or test scores or some other metric — and then their names would go into the hat.

“We’re assuming that every single person above the line can be successful at the school,” Dr. Richardson said. “And so now we can shape the class as we want or not, or not shape it at all and just have it be a lottery.”

A college could maintain its values by, for instance, giving two tickets to alumni families, if it had a policy of legacy admission. Or it could give more tickets to full-paying students or low-income students.

The lottery, she said, would eliminate the most subjective part of admissions: who happens to be reading the file.

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“We each have our own biases, whether they’re conscious or not,” she said. “And so what a lottery system does is it takes that away. Students could say that they are special still because they are above the line.”

The downside is that a lottery takes away that almost magical sense of being chosen by a hidden power, a greater wisdom, the very syndrome it is supposed to combat, she concedes.

So, she adds, “I think that’s why many schools probably wouldn’t do it.”

Kitty Bennett contributed research.

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Video: Columbia University President Is Booed at Commencement Ceremony

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Video: Columbia University President Is Booed at Commencement Ceremony

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Columbia University President Is Booed at Commencement Ceremony

For the second day in a row, Columbia University students critical of the administration delivered a chorus of boos toward the acting president, Claire Shipman, during her speech at the main commencement ceremony on Wednesday.

“Please welcome the acting president of the university, Claire Shipman.” [graduates booing] “Families, you have given us a gift — thank you. And, graduates, it is time to give the world your gifts. So with that, let me turn to you, the nearly 16,000 graduates of the Columbia Class of 2025. You are the best of us. We firmly believe that our international students have the same rights to freedom of speech as everyone else — [graduates booing] and they should not be targeted by the government for exercising that right. I know many in our community today are mourning the absence of our graduate, Mahmoud Khalil.” Chanting: “Free Mahmoud.”

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How Usher Writes a Commencement Speech

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How Usher Writes a Commencement Speech

At 5:04 a.m. last Monday, Usher sent his publicist an audio file named “My Commencement 2025.”

“What ya think?” one of the world’s most renowned musicians wrote.

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He had been awake for hours, tinkering with the speech he would deliver at Emory University that morning. The school was about to feed his script into a teleprompter. But Usher, who allowed The New York Times to peer into his process over more than a month, wasn’t done.

In the dark and quiet of his bedroom, the 46-year-old star was, at last, away from the roaring crowds and hypnotizing special effects of a tour through Asia and Europe. Now he had more edits to make, more lines to weigh, more pacing to measure.

Those adjustments still did not satisfy him. Even after he arrived at Emory, he kept writing.

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Simbarashe Cha/The New York Times

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The fans had filtered out of the O2 Arena in London, disappearing into the darkness, after Usher sang, danced, flirted and roller-skated through a panorama of his career. It was late on April 9, but Usher needed to convene a meeting.

His schedule had vanishingly few openings, and he wanted to talk through what to say at Emory, where he would receive an honorary doctorate.

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He had given a commencement speech before, at a conservatory in Boston in 2023. The crowd at Emory, though, would be bigger and more academically diverse, ranging from physics majors to future United Methodist ministers.

The moment would be jarringly different and endlessly more complicated than the one in Boston. As the date of this spring’s speech approached, the Trump administration was pressuring universities and stripping funding from campuses.

A fully improvised address was out of the question. Usher, though, wanted a framework that would leave room for his performer’s instinct.

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Lydia Kanuga, Usher’s publicist and the person who would prepare the earliest drafts, observed that he often spoke of “spark.” Shawn Wilson, a fixture of Usher’s charitable foundation for at-risk students, floated a two-theme talk focused on leadership and spark. Chris Hicks, a strategic adviser, pressed deeper and argued that Usher, whose foundation has close ties to Emory, should explicitly blend his life experience with the world’s turbulence.

Mr. Hicks suggested that Usher talk about the times he fell down and then got back up. “That aligns with him,” he said, adding, “because as someone who has a youngster that age, that’s all we talk about: There are going to be some very lean days, and you have to be your own champion.”

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“I like that, perseverance and resilience,” Mr. Wilson chimed in. Someone else reminded Usher that the talk would need to include a few moments of celebration, too.

Friday Draft

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Good morning, Emory!

What a profound honor it is to stand before you today—not just as an artist or entrepreneur, but as someone who, like each of you, knows the power of dreaming big, working hard, and finding purpose. I’d like to thank President Gregory L. Fenves, Chairman Bob Goddard, and the esteemed members of the Emory University Board of Trustees for having me.

Monday Draft

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[ … ]
What a profound honor it is to stand before you today — not just as an artist or entrepreneur, but as someone who, like each of you, knows the power of dreaming big, working hard, and finding purpose.

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Early drafts of the speech called for Usher to begin with a fairly standard recitation of gratitude.

But Usher rewrote the top of the speech a few hours before he arrived at Emory, to bring in some guiding principles of his life.

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In London, he told his team he wanted “gems,” speedy lines that might resonate sharply with individual listeners. The Monday morning rewrite added these lines up high in the text.

But no speech, the brain trust knew, could be entirely feel-good at a time when a national storm was raging over education. Usher had a political streak — he appeared at a campaign rally for Kamala Harris — but his brand had hardly been a partisan lightning rod. His team urged caution.

Usher said relatively little as his aides talked over ideas. Instead, he peered at a notebook, pen in hand. His vision was forming.

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He craved a sensible message for the masses, with easy-to-remember mantras and clear takeaways that were not suffocatingly scripted. He wanted a snappy sound-bite or two and a message imbued with his own story, not just with stock lines.

He had lots of time to fill. Emory wanted his speech to run between 15 and 20 minutes, an eternity for a man whose hits have come in four-minute bursts.

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The meeting ended, the gallery of faces vanished, and Usher sat alone, speaking to himself in front of a mirror well past midnight.

Ms. Kanuga started thinking. Usher kept on touring. But he also began to dream about the Emory speech. Sixteen days after the brainstorming session, he said he was sometimes startling awake to scribble ideas.

He had been reflecting on titans of oratory, including the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Quincy Jones and Denzel Washington, as well as two men who had taught at Emory, Desmond M. Tutu and the Dalai Lama.

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Giving a speech at Emory was personal for Usher. It was, after all, going to take place in Atlanta, the city that fueled his rise to fame from a Chattanooga church choir. Speaking in a city where he had become something of a landmark himself would bring a different sort of pressure.

His post-meeting murmurs in London had been a way to test and channel ideas. But at a hotel in Amsterdam in late April, he thought the speech was still in infancy. He had grown adamant, though, that he wanted clear language — the musician who regarded run-ons as his weakness did not want to lose listeners in long sentences.

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And he was looking to build a speech that would prove he was not just an entertainer, but also someone who could bring meaning, even without a college education to his name.

“There’s a beginning, there’s a middle and there’s an end, and within that process, what you choose to make people feel,” he said. “Do they smile? Do they think? Do they laugh? Do they cry? Are they angry? Are they motivated?”

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Tone, he said, would matter. He was working on his speaking voice.

“In the same way I’ve figured out how tone and algorithm and cadence works in music, it does the same in speech,” he said.

The question of whether politics would enter the text loomed. Usher knew he was not headed to Emory as a candidate for Congress. He also did not seem inclined to ignore the turbulence entirely.

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Friday Draft

I’m 46, and over the last few decades, I’ve seen how fast things can change. Some of those changes are beautiful — technology connecting us, communities rising up, barriers breaking down. But some of those changes are deeply troubling — especially when we look at the state of basic education in this country.

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Sunday Draft

I’m 46, and over the last few decades, I’ve seen how fast things can change. Some of those changes are beautiful — technology connecting us, communities rising up, barriers breaking down. But some of those changes are deeply troubling — especially when we look at the state of basic education in this country.
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Through all of the edits in the final days, this section remained a staple of Usher’s speech.

The moment in the country, Usher thought, was too consequential to ignore. But he opted for a subtle message about policy, not a direct attack on President Trump. After some other edits, the line appeared later in the speech than where it was initially drafted.

This gets at a big debate about higher education in America, and one that Usher is thinking about as the father of two children who are approaching college age.

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Ms. Kanuga had been trying to translate the ideas from the brainstorming session into a draft that Usher could use as a launchpad for his own turn working on the speech. As the commencement drew near, though, she could only guess what the singer would ultimately decide to say.

Usher landed in the United States on the Thursday before his Monday speech. He had yet to plunge fully into Ms. Kanuga’s latest draft.

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Usher texted her the next afternoon. He worried that the script sounded “too corporate.”

“It needs to have more grit,” he wrote, and “more touch points that humanize me.”

Ms. Kanuga asked when they could talk. He replied with seven paragraphs.

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He wanted to say how he felt his own school had not understood him — an account he had hinted at only with people who knew him well.

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Sunday Draft

When I moved to Atlanta, I was so far behind that I was unable to keep up, and the staff at the school I was attending didn’t have the resources to help me, so I was assigned to special education classes. As a young black man, it was discouraging.

As Delivered

I was academically so far behind that I was unable to keep up and the staff at the school I attended didn’t have the resources to help me, so I was assigned to special education classes. so they assigned me to remedial classes, which at the time felt like a judgment on my ability. As a young Black man, or a kid at the time, I was discouraged.

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Less than 72 hours before his speech, Usher added this anecdote, hoping it would help his audience understand “the reality” of education in America.

Usher relished the silence from the audience in response to this section. It seemed to him that the crowd had empathy, and that his willingness to be vulnerable landed in a poignant, powerful way.

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Ms. Kanuga had never fathomed that he would want to discuss it at Emory, but a story that he had never shared publicly would now become the spine of the speech.

“I will work this in,” Ms. Kanuga replied, before Usher sent her six more messages.

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Ms. Kanuga emailed the script to Emory officials — with some of Usher’s via-text additions included verbatim, and others streamlined — at 6:12 p.m. on Sunday. The subject line was “Usher speech // FINAL.”

Usher attended a reception that night, honoring him and other honorary degree recipients — an intimate, relaxed setting that left him feeling looser.

Afterward, he stopped for Japanese food and then started fiddling with the script some more.

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He dozed off, he said later, with his phone in his hand.

Around 2:30 a.m., Usher was awake and accepting that he would not fall back asleep. Taking command for these final hours, he started reading and rewriting, recording and rehearsing.

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His wife, Jennifer, said she stayed quiet. When Usher’s assistant walked in, the singer was still in bed, assessing how the script sounded.

“Just making certain that I pay attention to the beats,” he said later.

He actually felt more comfortable with speechwriting than songwriting, he said. But this process was still much like rehearsing a dance.

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“You’re listening, and I’m like, ‘OK, let me slow this down,’” he said. “‘Make that personal. They’re going to laugh at that. Oh, that’s a joke moment.’”

By about 5 a.m., he had “completely changed just about everything” somehow, whether in text or tone or timing — everything, he said, but his intent.

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Usher sent Ms. Kanuga his latest edits, and she shared them with Emory at 6:29 a.m., hoping the rewrite would make the teleprompter before the 8 a.m. event. Usher headed to the campus and donned academic regalia.

Backstage, he was still typing changes into his phone. When he heard bagpipers, he thought about the movie “Sinners” and conceived a line about vampires.

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Then it was his turn.

As Delivered

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Good morning Emory!
|

Monday Draft

What a profound honor it is to stand before you today — not just as an artist or entrepreneur, but as someone who, like each of you, knows the power of dreaming big, working hard, and finding purpose.

As Delivered

What a profound honor it is to stand before you, not just as an artist or entrepreneur, |But as someone more than that, who’s just like you, that knows the power of dreaming big, working hard and finding a purpose,

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Usher did some ad-libbing from the start.

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While he mostly stuck to the speech he had reworked overnight, he did interject a few words here and there.

For example, he reveled in multiple mentions of his newly bestowed honorary title of doctor.

He spoke for about 17 minutes and was rewarded with one of the morning’s longest rounds of applause.

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Afterward, as he does after shows, he thought about what had worked.

Parents, he said, had been so animated when he spoke about education that he wound up altering the delivery of his next line. When his audience started to cheer a favored section about how “losers let it happen” and “winners make it happen,” he had thought about pausing but pressed on, looking to build momentum. And he had been pleased when the discussion of his own schooling had landed to somber silence.

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He regretted nothing.

“I love the fact that it was honest, that it was conversational, that it was me authentically,” he said. “Even the adjustments in the last minute, that’s me. That’s who I am.”

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Video: Opinion | We Study Fascism, and We’re Leaving the U.S.

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Video: Opinion | We Study Fascism, and We’re Leaving the U.S.

I’m a historian of totalitarianism. I look at fascist rhetoric. I’ve been thinking about the sources of the worst kinds of history for a quarter of a century. “Experts say the constitutional crisis is here now.” ”The Trump administration deporting hundreds of men without a trial.” “A massive purge at the F.B.I.” “To make people afraid of speaking out against him.” I’m leaving to the University of Toronto because I want to do my work without the fear that I will be punished for my words. The lesson of 1933 is you get out sooner rather than later. I’ve spent a lot of time in the last decade trying to prepare people if Trump were elected once, let alone twice. “Look what happened. Is this crazy?” [CHEERING] I did not flee Trump. But if people are going to leave the United States or leave American universities, there are reasons for that. One thing you can definitely learn from Russians — — is that it’s essential to set up centers of resistance in places of relative safety. We want to make sure that if there is a political crisis in the U.S., that Americans are organized. ”We’ve just gotten started. You haven’t even seen anything yet. It’s all just kicking in.” My colleagues and friends, they were walking around and saying, “We have checks and balances. So let’s inhale, checks and balances, exhale, checks and balances.” And I thought, my God, we’re like people on the Titanic saying our ship can’t sink. We’ve got the best ship. We’ve got the strongest ship. We’ve got the biggest ship. Our ship can’t sink. And what you know as a historian is that there is no such thing as a ship that can’t sink. “The golden age of America has only just begun.” America has long had an exceptionalist narrative — fascism can happen elsewhere, but not here. But talking about American exceptionalism is basically a way to get people to fall into line. If you think that there’s this thing out there called America and it’s exceptional, that means that you don’t have to do anything. Whatever is happening, it must be freedom. And so then what your definition of freedom is just gets narrowed and narrowed and narrowed and narrowed, and soon, you’re using the word freedom — what you’re talking about is authoritarianism. Toni Morrison warned us: “The descent into a final solution is not a jump. It’s one step. And then another. And then another.” We are seeing those steps accelerated right now. There are some words in Russian in particular that I feel help us to understand what’s happening in the United States because we now have those phenomena. “Proizvol”: It’s the idea that the powers that be can do anything they want to and you have no recourse. This not knowing who is next creates a state of paralysis in society. The Tufts student whose visa was removed because she co-authored an article in the Tufts student newspaper. [DESPERATE YELLING] I thought, what would I do if guys in masks tried to grab my student? Would I scream? Would I run away? Would I try to pull the mask off? Would I try to videotape the scene? Would I try to pull the guys off of her? Maybe I would get scared and run away. The truth is, I don’t know. Not knowing terrified me. It’s a deliberate act of terror. It’s not necessary. It’s just being done to create a spirit of us and them. “Prodazhnost”: It’s a word in Russian for corruption, but it’s larger than corruption. It refers to a kind of existential state in which not only everything but everyone can be bought or sold. “Critics are calling this a quid pro quo deal between Adams and President Trump.” “I’m committed to buying and owning Gaza.” “He made $2.5 billion today, and he made $900 million.” There’s an expression in Polish: “I found myself at the very bottom, and then I heard knocking from below.” In Russian, that gets abbreviated to “There is no bottom.” “We cannot allow a handful of communist radical left judges to obstruct the enforcement of our laws.” What starts to matter is not what is concealed but what has been normalized. There is no limit to the depravity — ”President Trump did not rule out the possibility of a third term.” — and the sadism — “The White House released this video titled ASMR Illegal Alien Deportation Flight.” — and the cruelty that we are watching now play out in real time. “This facility is one of the tools in our tool kit that we will use.” You have to continually ask yourself the question, “Is this OK? Is there a line I wouldn’t cross? Is there something I would not do?” People say, oh, the Democrats should be doing more. They should be fixing things. But if you want the Democrats to do things, you have to create the platform for them. You have to create the spectacle, the pageantry, the positive energy, the physical place where they can come to you. Poland recently went through a shift towards authoritarianism. Unlike in Russia, unlike in Hungary, the media remained a place, in Poland, where you could criticize the regime. And as a result, democracy returned. The moral of Poland is that our democratic institutions — the media, the university, and the courts — are essential. You know you’re living in a fascist society when you’re constantly going over in your head the reasons why you’re safe. What we want is a country where none of us have to feel that way.

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