Business
C.E.O.s Will Meet With Trump Amid Fears About Tariffs’ Fallout
Trump faces an increasingly tough crowd
President Trump won over Americans with a promise to return the country to “boom” times of low taxes and deregulation. Fifty days into office, he’s now pitching an economy in “a period of transition” for which he can’t rule out a recession.
His stay-patient message may get tested on Tuesday, when he is set to meet with members of the Business Roundtable, whose ranks include influential C.E.O.s — many of whose companies’ stocks have been hit hard by tariff-fueled market fears.
Stock futures are up a little on Tuesday — but still stung by Monday’s huge plunges. The S&P 500 is nearing a correction after falling roughly 2.7 percent, while the Nasdaq is performing even worse after another sharp drop.
Much of that is driven by worries about Trump’s economic policy, principally his on-again-off-again tariffs. The president is set to impose more levies as soon as Wednesday and has put companies and trading partners on notice that they won’t get exemptions.
Business leaders are getting increasingly worried. A new poll by Chief Executive magazine, conducted last week, found that C.E.O.s’ assessment of American business conditions was at its lowest level since Spring 2020. (It’s a stark contrast to far-rosier findings by a Conference Board survey last month.)
On Monday, Delta Air Lines cut its first-quarter sales forecast, blaming “the recent reduction in consumer and corporate confidence” driven by economic uncertainty. American Airlines this morning also warned of steeper losses as demand softens for leisure travel. And households are feeling gloomy about “their year-ahead financial situations,” the New York Fed’s monthly consumer survey found.
“Trump is off to a great start, so it’s disappointing to see his ‘dumb’ (as the WSJ said) tariff policy muddying the waters of where the U.S. and world economies are headed,” Don Ochsenreiter, the C.E.O. of Dollamur Sport Surfaces, told Chief Executive.
So far, Trump isn’t providing the clarity C.E.O.s want. In an interview with Maria Bartiromo of Fox News this weekend, he said that “we may go up with some tariffs. It depends. We may go up. I don’t think we’ll go down, or we may go up.”
He added that his levies strategy could take “a little time” to bear results.
How much time does he have? The “Trump bump” in the markets has become a “Trump slump” as fears grow that the trade war could reignite inflation and slow the economy.
Trump told reporters last week that he was “not even looking at the market,” suggesting that one of the most reliable checks on his behavior wasn’t working this time around. That could make Tuesday’s C.E.O. meeting a tough one for the corporate chiefs in the room.
HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING
Ukraine hits Moscow with a powerful drone attack ahead of truce talks. The bombardment, which the Russian authorities said had killed at least two and injured 18, appeared meant to remind Russia that Ukraine could still hit back despite reduced support from the United States. Delegations from Kyiv and Washington sat down in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday to discuss a path to ending the war, after President Trump and Volodymyr Zelensky’s confrontation in the Oval Office last month.
Amazon Prime will stream “The Apprentice.” The decision to air seven seasons of President Trump’s former hit reality show — which premiered in 2004, supercharged his fame and helped vault him to the White House — underscores the tech giant’s efforts to get closer to the commander in chief. Trump, who was an executive producer of “The Apprentice,” is likely to receive royalties from the agreement. He plugged the deal on Truth Social.
Nissan replaces its C.E.O. after failed deal talks with Honda. Makoto Uchida, who has led the Japanese carmaker since 2019, will step down on April 1 and be succeeded by Ivan Espinosa, the company’s chief planning officer. Nissan has struggled with sluggish sales and earlier this year failed to strike a merger with Honda. Separately, The Times reports that Eric Schmidt, the former longtime C.E.O. of Google, has taken on his first chief executive role since leaving the tech giant: at Relativity Space, an upstart rocket company.
Tough questions confront key Musk businesses
Coming into 2025, Elon Musk appeared to be riding high given his growing political clout and the soaring fortunes of Tesla and his other businesses.
Now Tesla’s stock has tumbled below its pre-Election Day levels, having plunged 15 percent on Monday alone in its worst drop in half a decade. Companies like SpaceX and others have faced their own struggles. And speculation has grown about potential limits to his political reach.
While Musk conceded to Fox Business Network’s Larry Kudlow that he’s handling this “with great difficulty,” he professed that he was still feeling optimistic. But these recent challenges raise questions about some of the tech mogul’s companies, including Tesla and SpaceX.
Yes, Musk has had a tough several days. Among the most recent developments were the slide in Tesla shares (which Reid Hoffman, the Democratic billionaire tech mogul, poked fun at); the explosion of another of SpaceX’s Starships during a test flight; and an outage at X that Musk attributed to Ukraine, a target of his criticism.
Musk continues to draw support from President Trump, even after the tech mogul clashed with Secretary of State Marco Rubio at a recent Cabinet meeting. “To Republicans, Conservatives, and all great Americans, Elon Musk is ‘putting it on the line’ in order to help our Nation, and he is doing a FANTASTIC JOB!” the president wrote on Truth Social overnight. He added, “I’m going to buy a brand new Tesla tomorrow morning as a show of confidence and support.”
Musk also appeared to be committed to his government cost-cutting work. He told Kudlow that the Department of Government Efficiency worked “in consultation” with Cabinet secretaries, and that he planned to double the group’s staff to 200. (That’s despite the Trump administration saying the billionaire isn’t in charge.) The entrepreneur added that he planned to stay on for at least another year.
But the run of bad news at Tesla and SpaceX is raising concerns. Tesla’s dropping stock price is likely to amplify calls by some shareholders that Musk spend less time focusing on Washington and more on the carmaker.
And SpaceX’s latest failed test flight, which produced a shower of debris that delayed flights around Florida and the Caribbean, has spurred questions about potential delays in the rocket giant’s development process — and whether it faces growing political liabilities.
Big Law comes to a Delaware overhaul’s defense
As Delaware lawmakers prepare to hold hearings tomorrow about a bill that could reshape corporate America, some of the biggest corporate law firms are coming out in favor of it, DealBook’s Lauren Hirsch is first to report.
Today, 21 corporate law firms — including Simpson Thacher and Bartlett; Cravath, Swaine & Moore; and Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison — will publish a letter strongly supporting legislation that would override a series of decisions by the Delaware Court of Chancery. These rulings have sparked backlash from companies and led many, including Meta, to contemplate moving their incorporation outside of the state.
The letter’s argument: The bill is “an important step in maintaining Delaware’s status as the jurisdiction of choice for sophisticated clients when they create companies,” the law firms write.
Some background: Delaware has been ensnared in controversy after several rulings, including Chancellor Kathaleen McCormick’s decision last year to nullify a big payout for Elon Musk at Tesla. While Musk’s ire over that decision brought attention to the chancery court, many corporate lawyers say they’re more broadly frustrated with the court’s treatment of companies with controlling shareholders, arguing that it has been overly deferential to noncontrolling shareholders.
Given how corporate America fuels Delaware’s budget, a group of Delaware state senators last month proposed a bill to amend the state constitution that would effectively override years of case law by the Delaware Court of Chancery. The group sidestepped the usual process for proposing bills, allowing it to move swiftly — but critics say that it also left out early input from key members of the influential Delaware bar.
The issue was a major topic at Tulane University’s Corporate Law Institute conference, a big gathering of deal makers held last week in New Orleans. “We are disempowering Delaware courts,” said Ned Weinberger of the plaintiffs’ law firm Labaton Keller Sucharow, arguing the amendment would erode the voice of minority shareholders.
Scott Barshay, a partner at Paul, Weiss and a top deal maker, said the amendment would help stop a corporate exodus from Delaware. “It’s very important that this legislation gets passed,” he said onstage.
The letter was born out of sideline conversations at the conference. It argues that, despite the relatively unusual intervention by the Delaware legislature, a response to corporate angst is not unprecedented.
“Over its long history at the epicenter of American corporate law, Delaware has repeatedly adjusted its approach in order to modernize and respond to market developments,” the lawyers write.
Who’s in — and who’s out: Other law firms that signed the letter include Kirkland & Ellis; Latham & Watkins; and Weil, Gotshal & Manges.
Corporate law insiders will notice one major law firm that didn’t sign: Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, where Leo Strine Jr., a former chancellor of the Court of Chancery, is of counsel. (That said, Martin Lipton, one of the firm’s founders, wrote in support of the bill shortly after its release.)
At the conference, Strine allowed that more companies have become concerned about unpredictability in Delaware courts. Separately, David Katz, a senior M.&A. partner at Wachtell, said the bill wasn’t connected to Musk’s criticism of Delaware, a common critique of it.
THE SPEED READ
Deals
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Redfin’s stock soared on Monday after Rocket Companies agreed to buy the property listing platform for $1.75 billion in stock. (Reuters)
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Skydance accused a latecomer bidder for Paramount of fraud, asserting that the bidder was “hijacking” the regulatory approval process for its deal. (Deadline)
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The law firm Paul Hastings recruited Eric Schiele, a top deal maker at Kirkland & Ellis, to help lead its M.&A. practice. (WSJ)
Politics, policy and regulation
Best of the rest
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Ruth Marcus, an opinion columnist and editor at The Washington Post, said that she’s quitting after the newspaper’s publisher killed a column criticizing the new direction of its editorial page. (NYT)
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“Hollywood Pivots to Programming for Trump’s America” (WSJ)
We’d like your feedback! Please email thoughts and suggestions to dealbook@nytimes.com.
Business
How Energy Prices Are Driving Demand for Solar Panels and Heat Pumps
Across Europe, the lesson from an old proverb just might be taking hold: Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me.
For the second time in under five years, Europe is contending with an energy crisis set off by a war. Europeans have responded to the price shock by rushing to line up heat pumps, solar panels and electric vehicles. They are hoping to lower their bills and reduce their reliance on imported fossil fuels.
In March, the first month of the war in the Middle East, more than 344,000 electric vehicles were registered across Europe, over 40 percent more than a year earlier, according to the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. Solar panel sales for Britain’s biggest power company, Octopus Energy, jumped 50 percent. And in Germany, inquiries about residential solar systems doubled compared with recent months, according to E.ON, an energy company.
Over the first three months of the year, about 575,000 heat pumps were sold in 11 large European countries, up 17 percent from a year earlier, the European Heat Pump Association said. The increases were particularly large in France, Germany and Poland.
For Heizma, an Austrian company that installs heat pumps, solar panels and other residential electrification services, sales in March and April broke records.
Since the war stopped a vast majority of fuel shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, the price of European natural gas, which is relied on to heat homes and power factories, has risen about 40 percent.
As prices spiked, interest in alternative energy supplies kept rising. Michael Kowatschew, a founder of Heizma, said customer inquiries were up 20 percent. Many of them invoked the importance of “resilience” and “European sovereignty.”
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was a jolt for Europe, which had been dependent on Russia for critical supplies of energy. European governments turned to other gas and oil exporters, including the United States.
Europeans are noticing “more and more how dependent we are not only on fossil fuels but, through fossil fuels, on other countries and other regions,” Mr. Kowatschew said.
The European Union has spent an additional 24 billion euros on energy imports in under two months, said Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission.
“Households are now seeing that they are only one Trump-ignited war away from very expensive tank refueling or heating bills,” said Elisabetta Cornago, an energy and climate policy expert at the Center for European Reform.
This “shock-awareness factor” means that demand for electric vehicles, heat pumps and solar panels is likely to keep rising, she said.
Demand has increased even as European governments have started to cut taxes on energy bills and diesel and gasoline at the pump to shield households. The costs of solar panels and electric vehicles, still out of reach for some households, are becoming more affordable. Last week, Volkswagen, Europe’s largest automaker, revealed a new electric vehicle model with a starting price under €25,000 (about $29,000), more than 25 percent below a comparable VW popular model.
In Britain, the government said it would allow the sale of plug-in solar panels within the next few months. These devices, which can be attached to a balcony, can help curb energy bills and don’t require the more expensive installation of rooftop panels. They will be widely available in supermarkets and online.
In the meantime, rooftop solar has become more popular. Danny Hirst, the managing director at the Green Way Solar, which installs solar panels in England, has noticed a sharp increase in interest. Last fall, his company was receiving about 10 inquiries a week. Now, it sometimes gets 20 in a single day, he said.
“The general feeling that we’re hearing from clients now is that they’re just getting fed up with the uncertainty of energy prices,” Mr. Hirst said.
But will the interest be sustained? Companies and business groups said it was too soon to know.
For customers, there’s red tape. It can take weeks or months, partly because of regulatory approvals, for a customer to go from deciding to buy a heat pump or solar panels to installing them.
Then there is the push-pull issue of government policies over financial incentives or subsidies, which can drive consumer demand but cause it to taper if they are not designed properly.
Since the war started, countries across Europe have already put in place short-term measures to lower energy costs — more than €10 billion worth, according to an estimate by Bruegel, a think tank in Brussels.
The measures, such as tax cuts on gas at the pump and electricity bills, are predominately aimed at large parts of the population. Experts said governments should target their assistance to the most vulnerable households, while spending more to subsidize low-carbon energy.
This has echoes of the crisis from 2022. At the time, Europe had suddenly shifted away from Russian gas imported via pipelines, a prominent source of fuel. Energy prices rose sharply. Demand for electric vehicles, solar panels and heat pumps jumped.
But when Europe found other sources of natural gas and prices dropped from their peak, interest in renewable technologies waned. Meanwhile, governments had spent hundreds of billions of dollars to shield households and businesses from high energy costs, further reducing the urgency for households to switch to renewables, some analysts said.
Simone Tagliapietra, an energy and climate policy expert at Bruegel, said the lesson for policymakers from 2022 was that they should increase their support for low-carbon technologies, not broad based-measures that cheapen energy from oil and gas. The moment, he said, presents an opportunity for governments.
“We are facing a full-fledged oil and gas crisis,” Mr. Tagliapietra said.
At the same time, history shows that financial incentives needed to sustain consumer interest in technologies like solar panels must be consistent.
Mr. Hirst of the Green Way Solar has been in the solar industry for nearly a dozen years and has experienced the market’s ups and downs. There was a boom right after the 2022 crisis, he said, but then sales dropped. The promise of subsidies drove up interest in renewable technologies, but consumers then waited to make sure they received a subsidy before deciding to install solar panels or heat pumps.
There is a risk that this could happen again.
In Austria, demand for heat pumps dropped in the first three months of this year when some government funds for subsidies ran out.
Mr. Kowatschew at Heizma, the Austrian installation firm, said he was cautious about expanding too quickly. The company was established only two years ago. Its focus is on finding ways to make the installation process faster and more efficient so that workers can outfit two heat pumps a week instead of one, he said.
Still, business is good. Heizma made about €2 million in revenue in April, he said.
“Everyone now knows electrification makes sense,” he said. “It makes a lot of sense to switch to heat pumps, to solar and green electricity.”
Business
California tech company Cloudflare to lay off more than 1,000 workers, cites AI
Cloudflare is laying off 20% of its staff, the latest technology company to announce big cuts as it uses more artificial intelligence-powered tools.
The San Francisco web performance and cybersecurity company said it was getting rid of 1,100 people.
“The way we work at Cloudflare has fundamentally changed,” Chief Executive Matthew Prince and Chief Operating Officer Michelle Zatlyn told employees in an e-mail. “We don’t just build and sell AI tools and platforms. We are our own most demanding customer.”
It is the latest tech company this week to announce massive layoffs as tech workers embrace the use of AI agents to perform tasks such as generating code more quickly. Coinbase said Tuesday that it would cut 14% of its workforce, or roughly 700 workers. PayPal is reportedly planning to slash 20% of its staff.
Other companies such as Meta, Block and Oracle have announced layoffs this year. From January to April, U.S. tech employers announced 85,411 job cuts, up 33% from the same period last year, outplacement and executive coaching firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas said Thursday.
Cloudflare’s email, which was published on its blog, said that in the last three months, its use of AI has jumped more than 600%. Employees in various roles in engineering, HR, finance and marketing are running “thousands of AI agent sessions each day to get their work done,” and the company has to be “intentional” as it prepares for the “agentic AI era,” the email said.
Cloudflare executives added that the company is hoping to avoid further major layoffs.
“We are making these changes now because making smaller, repeated cuts or dragging a reorganization out over multiple quarters creates prolonged emotional uncertainty for employees and stalls our ability to build,” the email said.
The company estimates that severance and other restructuring will cost between $140 million and $150 million for 2026.
Cloudflare didn’t say how many of those cuts will be in its San Francisco office. The company has offices in other parts of the world, including Asia, Europe and the Middle East, according to its website.
As of December, Cloudflare had 5,156 employees.
Cloudflare announced job cuts the same day it reported its first-quarter earnings. The company’s revenue jumped 34% year-over-year to $639.8 million in the first quarter. It posted a net loss of $22.9 million.
But the company’s forecast for the second quarter fell short of Wall Street’s expectations. Cloudflare projected revenue of $664 million to $665 million for the second quarter, which was lower than the $666 million Wall Street anticipated.
Cloudflare’s stock dropped roughly 18% to $209 per share in after-hours trading.
Business
Why Stocks and Bonds Are Responding Differently to the Iran War
The unique global status of the U.S. dollar and financial markets, and the strength of the U.S. economy, have enabled the government to retain its current rating. “A large, dynamic economy, the dollar’s reserve-currency role and the depth and liquidity of U.S. capital markets are key sovereign rating strengths,” Fitch said. But a variety of “governance” issues under the Trump administration, as well as the conflict in the Middle East, along with persistent and widening budget deficits, have challenged that credit rating.
Nonetheless, U.S. Treasuries have attracted global investors as a “safe haven” during the conflict. Other countries, like Britain, don’t have that status now. British 30-year government bonds, known as gilts, have reached their highest level since 1998. And Britain’s benchmark 10-year bond yield was close to 5 percent, a premium of more than 0.6 percentage points above the equivalent Treasury.
Major world central banks have responded defensively to these financial storms. As I wrote last week, the Bank of Japan, European Central Bank, Bank of England and Federal Reserve have all decided to take no action on their key interest rates because of the dual risks posed by rising oil prices resulting from the war with Iran: There are heightened risks of both runaway inflation and throttled economic growth.
That dilemma continues. Kevin M. Warsh, nominated to succeed Jerome H. Powell as Federal Reserve chair, has spoken frequently of the need to trim interest rates but the markets are skeptical. They project no Fed action on rates through December 2027 as the most likely outcome, with a greater possibility of interest rate increases than of reductions, according to futures prices tracked by CME FedWatch.
In short, central banks, which control the shortest-duration interest rates, and the bond market, which sets longer rates, view the economic environment with a jaundiced eye. There is a range of possibilities, from prosperity in many developed markets to chaos if the conflict in the Middle East widens. Fixed-income markets tend to focus on risks more than on the potential for windfall profits that the stock market cherishes.
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