Idaho
Analysis: Through inaction, the Legislature makes Idaho’s special education crisis even worse
Idaho’s special education budget crisis will almost certainly be worse in 2026.
Because of what the 2025 Legislature did — and didn’t do.
Lawmakers weren’t going to fix this problem overnight. But instead of addressing it, they neglected it, kicking an $82.2 million can down the road for one more year.
And what’s more, lawmakers had the kind of hard numbers and solid evidence they say they look for — in the form of a detailed report from their own oversight group.
The Office of Performance Evaluations report delivered a strong indictment of the state’s K-12 funding formula — which, for all of its complexities, essentially delivers money based on student attendance.
“The state’s funding formula does little to adapt to the specific challenges districts face,” the report said. “As a result, some districts, regardless of size, may struggle to secure resources to meet their students’ educational needs.”
And with special education, part of the problem comes back to a false assumption and a lowball estimate.
The funding formula assumes about 6% of Idaho students are in special education, and boosts funding to match. But in truth, about 11% of Idaho students are in special education, nearly 33,000 students.
So Idaho does spend more per special education student, about 20% more, but neighboring states spend much more. Oregon spends 73% more per special education student, the OPE report says. Washington spends 106% more. Utah spends 143% more.
And it isn’t just that Idaho isn’t keeping up with its neighbors. It isn’t keeping up with its needs.
In 2023, Idaho’s $336 million in special education spending came from a patchwork of sources — including federal funding and the state’s funding formula. But the feds and the state don’t cover everything, leaving local schools to use voter-passed supplemental property tax levies and other sources to cover the rest. That gap, according to the OPE report, comes in at $82.2 million.
The OPE’s report had been in the works for almost a year. But the timing of its March 7 release seemed fortuitous, at least at first.
At the time, the House was poised to take an incremental step on special education. House Bill 291 proposed a $3 million fund to reimburse schools with “high-needs” students — students that need a full-time ASL interpreter or aide, for example. Schools could receive a maximum of $100,000, for costs they are scrambling to cover.
On March 12, five days after the release of the OPE report, the House passed HB 291. The margin couldn’t be closer. The bill passed, 36-34, over the objections of all four members of GOP leadership.
But on March 25, the Senate rejected the high-needs fund, on a 17-18 vote. Six of the eight Senate Republicans on the Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee voted no.
Some opponents actually used the OPE report as an argument against HB 291, saying the $3 million program would inevitably swell to $82 million. That argument fundamentally misinterpreted the purpose of the high-needs fund — a narrow plan to reimburse costs of at least $15,000.
The high-needs fund — one of state superintendent Debbie Critchfield’s top priorities, endorsed by Gov. Brad Little — might have been a new concept to Idaho legislators. But lawmakers had no such excuse when it came to revamping Idaho’s aging, 1994 vintage K-12 funding formula.
This year’s stabs at addressing the formula were in play when the OPE report came out. Senate Bill 1096, Critchfield’s preferred version, would have moved about $400 million of school funding into a weighted formula to address student needs. (Special education students would have qualified for the biggest of the weights, a 150% per-student increase.) House Bill 279 — a slow-rolling competing bill from Rep. Wendy Horman, R-Idaho Falls, contained no weights. Instead, it offered a pledge to address the idea in a future legislative session.
Still, nothing new here. Education leaders and elected officials — including but by no means limited to Critchfield and Horman — have been talking about rewriting the formula for nine years. All to no avail.
Sen. Dave Lent, R-Idaho Falls (Brandon Schertler/Idaho EdNews)On March 18, the Senate actually passed SB 1096. This 20-15 vote was no small breakthrough, marking the first time either house has passed a funding formula rewrite. But the House never heard SB 1096 or HB 279.
“I was disappointed again,” said Senate Education Committee Chairman Dave Lent, R-Idaho Falls, a veteran of the funding formula fight, and a supporter of SB 1096. “I thought this year we had a good piece of legislation. … My disappointment is we couldn’t get it through the House.”
Lent believes that the long-term answer to the special education crisis is a new funding formula, and he might be right. But Lent also floated and dropped a short-term fix. Pushing his own version of a private school bill, Lent proposed putting a separate $30 million into special education. He yanked this language from the bill — and the idea never surfaced again.
But when it comes to the funding formula, the OPE report should have given lawmakers a call to action. The report pointed out that there’s nothing new about spending some additional money to support special education students — as well as English language learners, low-income students and other high-need demographic groups. “In comparison to neighboring states, Idaho’s school funding formula contains fewer or weaker adjustments for district and student characteristics.”
Rough translation: Do better.
The needs cut across several demographic groups. But the situation is all the more urgent for special education — funded, to no small degree, by Uncle Sam. State officials, including Critchfield, hope the second Donald Trump administration will provide states full federal funding, in no-strings-attached block grants. And Trump has pledged to continue to fund special education. But, as the Hechinger Report covered in detail this week, Trump’s pledge to dismantle the federal Education Department casts even more uncertainty over special education.
What happens on Capitol Hill is beyond the Legislature’s control. But the Legislature had their own chances to address special education this year, and didn’t.
Unwittingly, the Legislature might have even made matters worse.

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House Bill 93, Idaho’s controversial private school choice law, offers tax credits of up to $5,000 per student or $7,500 per special needs student. Rep. Monica Church — a Boise public school teacher — says she’s already hearing from her district. More parents are asking their neighborhood schools to run special education screenings on their kids, to see if their families qualify for the $7,500 credit.
In the long run, Church worries that these students will qualify for special education, but remain in public schools that are mandated to provide special education. In the short run, the school districts are incurring the cost of special education screenings.
“It is an unintended consequence,” said Church, D-Boise. “The cost on the front end, we’re bearing right now.”
Another consequence in a session of consequences.
Kevin Richert writes a weekly analysis on education policy and education politics. Look for his stories each Thursday.
Idaho
The Camas Prairie is Biblical Idaho
I remember watching a documentary about Idaho’s wildlands. A narrator said there were probably many parts of the state where no human being has ever set foot. I believe that, but I stay relatively close to the highways. If I were 30 years younger, I would probably enjoy exploring the back country, but today, unless a plane takes me in and out, it’s not happening. I can’t say definitively that there is one spot that I find better than others. We’re surrounded by beautiful terrain, however. One place keeps calling me back.
Like a Scene from a Legendary Movie
When I go over the mountain between Gooding and Fairfield, I take time to stop at the overlook above the Camas Prairie. It reminds me of a scene in Exodus, where the Paul Newman character takes an American woman to look across a flat plain leading to Mount Tabor. He explains that’s the site where Deborah gathered her armies. It makes me feel there is something godly about the Camas Prairie. I keep going back to this spot. Sometimes I take along a folding chair and sit and look at the world below.
Slow Down and See the Work of the Creator
Fairfield may be nothing more than a blip as people speed down Route 20, but it’s their loss. On the other side of the highway is some of the prettiest country in Idaho. It’s going to be a lot less lush this spring, but drought conditions haven’t been nearly as severe in the central highlands. But if I’m granted a few more years by the Almighty, I plan to see the prairie for many more springs.
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Gallery Credit: Mateo, 103.5 KISS FM
Idaho
Idaho Lottery results: See winning numbers for Pick 3, Pick 4 on April 19, 2026
The results are in for the Idaho Lottery’s draw games on Sunday, April 19, 2026.
Here’s a look at winning numbers for each game on April 19.
Winning Pick 3 numbers from April 19 drawing
Day: 9-5-1
Night: 8-0-6
Check Pick 3 payouts and previous drawings here.
Winning Pick 4 numbers from April 19 drawing
Day: 2-7-0-3
Night: 4-3-3-3
Check Pick 4 payouts and previous drawings here.
Winning Idaho Cash numbers from April 19 drawing
15-28-31-38-45
Check Idaho Cash payouts and previous drawings here.
Winning Millionaire for Life numbers from April 19 drawing
32-42-52-53-55, Bonus: 05
Check Millionaire for Life payouts and previous drawings here.
Feeling lucky? Explore the latest lottery news & results
When are the Idaho Lottery drawings held ?
- Powerball: 8:59 p.m. MT Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.
- Mega Millions: 9 p.m. MT on Tuesday and Friday.
- Pick 3: 1:59 p.m. (Day) and 7:59 p.m. (Night) MT daily.
- Pick 4: 1:59 p.m. (Day) and 7:59 p.m. (Night) MT daily.
- Lucky For Life: 8:35 p.m. MT Monday and Thursday.
- Lotto America: 9 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.
- 5 Star Draw: 8 p.m. MT on Tuesday and Friday.
- Idaho Cash: 8 p.m. MT daily.
- Millionaire for Life: 9:15 p.m. MT daily.
This results page was generated automatically using information from TinBu and a template written and reviewed by a USA Today editor. You can send feedback using this form.
Idaho
‘Unrelenting’: Statehouse reporters recap 2026 legislative session in Idaho Falls – East Idaho News
IDAHO FALLS — Two prominent Idaho Statehouse reporters say this past legislative session was “unrelenting,” chaotic, largely driven by budget cuts, and they see the Legislature getting more powerful.
Kevin Richert and Clark Corbin recapped this past legislative session at a forum on the ISU Idaho Falls Campus on Thursday.
Richert is a senior reporter at Idaho Education News, with more than 30 years of experience covering education policy and politics. Corbin is a senior reporter at the Idaho Capital Sun who has covered every Idaho legislative session, gavel to gavel, since 2011.
The event was hosted by the City Club of Idaho Falls, which “exists to sponsor and promote civil dialogue and discourse on all matters of public interest” and strives to be “nonpartisan and nonsectarian,” according to its website.
Budget cuts
Both Richert and Corbin said this session was driven by budget cuts. Corbin said this was due to a lack of revenue stemming from past income tax and the adoption of new federal tax cuts.
“Cuts for almost every state agency and state department dominated the legislative session,” Corbin said. “We’re talking about 4% budget cuts for most state agencies and departments in the current fiscal year, and we’re talking about an additional 5% budget cuts for almost all state agencies and departments starting next year — fiscal year ’27 — and continuing permanently.”
RELATED | Gov. Little signs so-called ‘crappy bill’ to cut state budget
Richert said he thought higher education was taking the brunt of budget cuts. “It’s not a question of whether tuition fees are going to go up at the universities; it’s a question of how much,” he said.
When asked what the future would hold, Corbin said the budget cuts aren’t likely to go away, and their effects will be felt over time.
“There could always be a change of leadership in the House, but they do expect the budget crunch to continue in the next year’s legislative session,” Corbin said.
‘Radiator capping’
Richert said he has one word to describe this year’s legislative session: “unrelenting.”
One thing that made it feel that way was that some bills were recycled over and over, he said. For example, Richert said the Legislature saw five different versions of a bill that proposed cuts to the Idaho Digital Learning Alliance.
“We had multiple bills that came from the dead,” he said.
The journalists said this is partly due to a tactic called “radiator capping.” The term means to replace the entire car — the bill’s text, in political terms — while only keeping the radiator cap: the bill number. By rewriting a bill on the House or Senate floor while maintaining its number, failed bills can effectively bypass the committee process.
“Those are the changes they tried to make on immigration bills, on union bills this year,” Corbin said. “It made it extremely difficult for the public to have any idea what was going on, to have any opportunity to participate in the legislative process and share their opinions.
A more powerful, more chaotic Legislature
Richert said Idaho’s annual legislative sessions are trending longer, commonly going into the early part of April, and producing a record number of bills.
“There are rumblings that this Legislature, as a body, is wanting to expand its reach over more and have even more power over the other branches of government to the point of — are we trending towards more of a full-time professional legislature?” Richert said. “We’re a long way from there.”
“The legislative branch of government, particularly the Idaho House of Representatives, is the most powerful I’ve seen it in 16 years of covering state government,” Corbin said.
He added that this year’s legislative session was unlike any he’s experienced.
“The overall temperature in the building was bad,” Corbin said. “It was divisive. It was chaotic. People were not hiding their feelings of disgust for each other. These traditional ideas of decorum and respect very much fell by the wayside.”
Richert said Gov. Brad Little vetoed very few bills that came across his desk, and the ones he did weren’t high-profile.
RELATED | Idaho Gov. Brad Little issues 5 vetoes. Here are the bills affected
“I think the governor behaved like he was very concerned about the supermajority-controlled Legislature, and I think that that Legislature, in turn, asserted itself and took control of the agenda this year,” Corbin said.
Are legislators representing Idaho?
Corbin said some bills this year also focused on the LGBTQ+ community, such as a bathroom restriction for transgender individuals, and a bill that banned the City of Boise from waving a Pride flag.
RELATED | Idaho governor signs bill to criminalize trans people using bathrooms that align with their identity
RELATED | Boise removes LGBTQ+ pride flag as Idaho governor signs bill to fine city for its display
When asked if these were what Idahoans wanted, Corbin said it doesn’t necessarily appear so to him, based on his review of Boise State University’s annual public policy survey.
“For years and years, I’ve heard concerns about affordability of housing, access to housing, managing the growth of the state of Idaho, having quality public schools available for our young people — that also generates a workforce pipeline for some of our businesses,” Corbin said. “I’ve heard about paying for wildfires. I’ve heard about having good roads, supporting access to public lands, public recreation, those are the concerns I hear from Idahoans.”
“But the Legislature spent a significant amount of time over the last two, three, four years placing additional restrictions on LGBTQ communities, placing restrictions on what teachers can and cannot teach in their classrooms, what school boards can and cannot do,” Corbin continued. “They talked about requiring a moment of silence every day to begin the public school day, where children could pray or read the Bible.”
RELATED | Gov. Brad Little signs public school ‘moment of silence’ bill into law
Corbin said it may be his own opinion, but perhaps it is easier to “make a bunch of noise about what’s going wrong and (distract) people with social issues” rather than focus on harder issues that Idaho faces.
“I think what you saw on the policy space is a reflection of the fact that you had legislators thinking about reelection, and legislators with time on their hands — and that’s not always a good combination,” Richert said.
Accountability
When asked how people can keep legislators accountable, Corbin said it can be done by following the state Legislature through trusted news sources, going to community events and voting.
“This is a great year to practice accountability, because all 105 state legislators and all statewide elected officials are up for election this year,” he said.
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