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Solving the Adaptation Finance Gap: Plans are in Place, but Funding Falls Short – Climate 411

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Solving the Adaptation Finance Gap: Plans are in Place, but Funding Falls Short – Climate 411

The UN climate talks, COP29, is well underway, and countries have entered final negotiations on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG), a new climate finance goal to boost funding for climate action in developing countries. Reaching agreement on the goal may be difficult in the face of the U.S election results, but it remains an urgent priority. 

One glaring finance gap that we need to address in the new goal is finance for climate adaptation. Adaptation is how governments and communities prepare for and adjust to the impacts of climate change. It’s about making changes to reduce or prevent the harm caused by climate impacts like rising sea levels, more frequent storms, and hotter temperatures. 

According to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), adaptation needs are not being met worldwide. Developing countries will need $215 billion per year over the next decade for their adaptation priorities, from building climate resilient infrastructure to restoring ecosystems. Yet international finance flows for adaptation were just $28 billion in 2022 – an increase over prior years, but nowhere near enough.  

Transformational adaptation requires closing the finance gap and maximizing the impact of every dollar. 

Where is the world falling behind on adaptation? 

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Many developing countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts, and the good news is that they are prioritizing efforts to build resilience. UNEP’s Adaptation Gap Report found that 87% of countries have at least one national adaptation planning instrument in place, compared to around just 50% a decade ago. These instruments include National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and other strategies or policies that guide adaptation. 

Now time for the bad news: although planning has improved, there is a growing gap in implementation as countries lack the necessary finance to meet their objectives. Adaptation has consistently been underfunded compared to mitigation, and while developed countries are working to double adaptation finance, the current $28 billion in annual flows represents just 13% of the $215 billion needed annually. 

[Source: UNEP Adaptation Gap Report 2024] 

The lack of finance for adaptation has serious implications for many developing countries, especially small island states which urgently need international support to strengthen resilience. For example, the Caribbean nation of Dominica is installing early warning systems to improve preparedness and reduce the impact of future hurricanes, but by 2023 they had only installed three systems and need 50 more to adequately cover the island. Without sufficient adaptation finance, the country will remain highly exposed to sudden climate shocks. 

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This finance gap is further complicated by limited private sector engagement in adaptation. UNEP finds that many transformational adaptation projects are seen as risky by private investors, due to their longer time frame for benefits and less clear return on investment. Private finance does flow to projects in infrastructure and commercial agriculture, but often not without efforts by the public sector to de-risk investments. 

It is not surprising that two-thirds of adaptation financing needs are anticipated to be financed by the public sector. But the quality of public finance for adaptation has room for improvement as well. 62% of public finance for adaptation is delivered through loans, of which 25% are non-concessional, or at market rate with no favorable terms. And the use of non-concessional loans for adaptation in most vulnerable countries has actually increased in recent years. These tools have the potential to drive up the debt burden in developing nations which are already struggling to pay the bills. Expanding grant and concessional finance will be important to mitigate these challenges. 

How do we unlock quality adaptation finance? 

The Adaptation Gap Report suggests that filling the finance gap will require several enabling factors that can unlock new finance flows. Notably, in EDF’s new report ‘Quality Matters: Strengthening Climate Finance to Drive Climate Action,’ we identify similar strategies as we call for structural reforms within the international climate finance system. Three key recommendations overlap in both reports. 

First, countries need to mainstream their climate objectives and adaptation goals within national planning and budgeting processes. This integration should be paired with robust stakeholder engagement that systematically includes subnational authorities, marginalized groups and potential implementing entities in the planning process. Doing so will better align adaptation activities with other national priorities and create more fundable projects. Moreover, planning processes should emphasize project evaluation and evidence gathering to better understand what interventions are most impactful and maximize the potential of climate resources. 

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Second, countries should adopt investment planning approaches to climate action. Specifically, they should work to develop a pipeline of bankable projects that can meet the objectives within their NAPs and other planning instruments. This can help attract investors to projects and ensure successful implementation of adaptation plans. 

Third, multilateral financial institutions including multilateral development banks (MDBs) and climate funds need to undergo structural reform to improve the quality of finance. The MDBs are currently pursuing reforms to become better fit-for-purpose for addressing the climate crisis, and at COP29 they jointly announced that their collective climate finance will reach $120 billion by 2030 – though only $42 billion will be dedicated for adaptation. Improving the balance between mitigation and adaptation finance will be important to ensure that developing countries’ priorities don’t go unfunded. Additional actions these institutions can take include strengthening the concessionality of terms for adaptation projects to alleviate debt burdens and spark new blended finance opportunities, and leveraging innovative instruments like adaptation swaps which can foster positive adaptation outcomes in exchange for forgiving debt. 

The NCQG is an important milestone which has the potential to advance action on these reforms and strengthen adaptation finance flows. Alongside supporting a strong quantitative goal, countries should call for improvements in the quality of finance, to ensure that finance for adaptation projects is available, accessible, concessional, and impactful. 

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Finance

How AI is redefining finance leadership: ‘There has never been a more exciting time to be a CFO’ | Fortune

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How AI is redefining finance leadership: ‘There has never been a more exciting time to be a CFO’ | Fortune

Good morning. This year has shown that AI isn’t just a buzzword anymore—it’s redefining finance. 

In covering AI, I’ve spoken with CFOs across industries who are focused on value creation and developing real-world use cases for AI to reshape everything from forecasting and financial planning to strategic decision-making. As data moves faster than ever, finance leaders are asking a new question: not what AI could do, but how it can truly transform the enterprise. I’ve also talked with industry experts and researchers about topics ranging from the ROI of AI to “prompt-a-thons” and debates over whether AI will turn CFOs into chief capital officers.

Finance chiefs are signaling the next big evolution—2026 will be the year of enterprise-scale AI. Pilot programs and proofs of concept are giving way to avenues for full-scale deployment as CFOs expect AI to deliver measurable value: faster decisions, leaner operations, and predictive insights that can provide a competitive edge. However, that level of transformation comes with new demands—governance, data integrity, and human oversight matter more than ever.

I recently asked finance chiefs from leading companies how they expect AI to redefine what it means to lead in finance. For instance, Zane Rowe, CFO at Workday, told me: “There has never been a more exciting time to be a CFO with AI unlocking new opportunities for value creation through unprecedented data and insights. Most of the focus has been on experimentation and discovering the art of the possible, but this year, leaders will shift from ‘What can AI do?’ to ‘How do we build the foundation for scale?’ They will manage a more nuanced AI portfolio that balances launching pilots with rolling out proven solutions, and they will prioritize the unglamorous but critical work of data governance, process redesign, and maintenance of new technologies. Success in 2026 will be defined by how we mature our AI strategy to ensure it is both agile, durable, and enterprise-grade.”

Shifting from the perspective of a major tech company to a beauty and cosmetics leader, Mandy Fields, CFO at e.l.f. Beauty offered this prediction: “From where a CFO sits, AI simultaneously helps broaden our view to get a better macro picture and can help put a sharper focus on very specific points of interest. e.l.f. Beauty is growing globally, and AI has visibility across it all. Going into next year, we’ll continue to explore how we best leverage AI in finance to lean into its strengths. It’s a pretty similar approach to our high-performance teamwork culture in which we encourage the team to pursue and thrive in the areas where they have expertise, learn continuously and move at e.l.f. speed.”

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You can read more insights from over a dozen CFOs on how AI will shape finance in 2026 in my complete article here.

This is the final CFO Daily of 2025. The next issue will land in your inbox on Jan. 5. Thank you for your readership—and wishing you a wonderful holiday season. See you in 2026!

Sheryl Estrada
sheryl.estrada@fortune.com

Leaderboard

Greg Giometti was appointed interim CFO of Alight, Inc. (NYSE: ALIT), a cloud-based human capital and technology-enabled services provider, effective Jan. 9, 2026. Giometti, Alight’s SVP, head of financial planning and analysis, will succeed Jeremy Heaton, who will depart Alight to pursue an opportunity outside of the benefits administration industry. Giometti joined Alight in 2020 and has held positions of increasing responsibility within the company’s finance organization.

Shelley Thunen, CFO of ophthalmic medical device company RxSight, Inc., is transitioning out of her role. She will remain with the company until the earlier of her successor’s appointment or Jan. 31, 2026, and will continue to support RxSight as a consultant following the transition.

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Big Deal

Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan shared his outlook on the economy and AI for 2026, saying he expects continued strength ahead. During an interview with Bloomberg TV on Monday, Moynihan noted that BofA’s research team projects a strong U.S. economy next year—not only in absolute terms, with growth trending above 2%, but also relative to other major economies, many of which are expected to remain flat or decline. “That is because, frankly, the great American engine is driving,” he said. “Markets are valuing the future growth rate, and that’s why they’ve been very constructive this year.”

On AI, Moynihan said investment has accelerated throughout the year and will likely become an even bigger contributor in 2026 and beyond. He pointed to data center expansion as one key driver, along with increased corporate spending on AI—including Bank of America’s own investments. Spending on AI is higher than last year, he said, and while overall spending levels aren’t growing at a mid-single-digit rate, capital is clearly shifting toward AI.

Moynihan added that this trend supports the bank’s optimistic outlook for next year. “We think AI spending continues,” he said. There are benefits to the American taxpayer from tax rebates and lower taxes as the new tax bill takes effect, and the incentives for businesses are positive, he explained. Altogether, Moynihan said, those factors underpin BofA’s forecast for GDP growth rising from about 2% this year to roughly 2.4% in 2026—with AI playing an increasingly important, if still marginal, role in driving that strength.

Going deeper

In an episode of Fortune’s Leadership Next podcast, cohosts Diane Brady, executive editorial director, and Kristin Stoller, editorial director of Fortune Live Media, talk with Dani Richa. Richa is the chairman and group CEO of Impact BBDO International. The three discuss how the ad agency inspired the hit show Mad Men; how to use AI to bring out the best of you; and optimism in the rapidly developing EMEA region.

Overheard

“This year, we watched teams use AI to tackle work that had long felt out of reach. What struck me most was how different each story was. Different industries. Different constraints. Same ambition.”

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—Sarah Friar, CFO at OpenAI, wrote in a LinkedIn post on Monday.

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Edge AI Emerges as Critical Infrastructure for Real-Time Finance | PYMNTS.com

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Edge AI Emerges as Critical Infrastructure for Real-Time Finance | PYMNTS.com

The financial sector’s honeymoon phase with centralized, cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) is meeting a hard reality: The speed of a fiber-optic cable isn’t always fast enough.

For payments, fraud detection and identity verification, the milliseconds lost in “round-tripping” data to a distant server represent more than just lag — they are a structural vulnerability. As the industry matures, the competitive frontier is shifting toward edge AI, moving the point of decision-making from the data center to the literal edge of the network — the ATM, the point-of-sale (POS) terminal, and the branch server.

From Batch Processing to Instant Inference

At the heart of this shift is inference, the moment a trained model applies its logic to a live transaction. While the cloud remains the ideal laboratory for training massive models, it is an increasingly inefficient theater for execution.

Financial workflows are rarely “batch” problems; they are “now” problems. Authorizing a high-value payment or flagging a suspicious login happens in a heartbeat. By moving inference into local gateways and on-premise infrastructure, institutions are effectively eliminating the “cloud tax” — the combined burden of latency, bandwidth costs and egress fees. This local execution isn’t just a technical preference; it’s a cost-control strategy. As transaction volumes surge, edge deployments offer a more predictable total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to the variable, often skyrocketing costs of cloud-only scaling.

Coverage from PYMNTS highlights how financial firms are transitioning from cloud-centric large models toward task-specific systems optimized for real-time operations and cost control.

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From Cloud-Centric AI to Decision-Making at the Edge

The first wave of enterprise AI adoption leaned heavily on cloud infrastructure. Large models and centralized data lakes proved effective for analytics, forecasting and customer insights. But financial workflows are not batch problems. Authorizing a payment, flagging fraud or approving a cash withdrawal happens in milliseconds. Routing every decision process through a centralized cloud introduces latency, cost and operational risk.

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Edge AI moves inference into branch servers, payment gateways and local infrastructure, enabling systems to decide without every query circling back to a central cloud. That local execution is especially critical in finance, where latency, privacy and compliance are business requirements.

Real-time processing at the edge trims costly round trips and avoids the cloud bandwidth and egress fees that accumulate at scale. CIO highlights that as inference volumes grow, edge deployments often deliver lower and more predictable total cost of ownership than cloud-only approaches.

Banks and payments providers are identifying specific edge use cases where local intelligence unlocks business value. Fraud detection systems at ATMs can use facial analytics and transaction context to assess threats in real time without routing sensitive video data, keeping customer information on-premise and reducing exposure.

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Edge AI also supports smart branch automation, real-time risk scoring and adaptive security controls that respond instantly to contextual signals, functions that centralized cloud inference cannot economically replicate at transaction scale.

Edge AI delivers clear operational and governance advantages by reducing bandwidth use, cloud dependency and attack surface. Keeping decision logic local also simplifies compliance by limiting unnecessary data movement, a priority for regulated financial institutions.

Edge AI Stack Is Coalescing Across the Tech Industry

The broader tech ecosystem reinforces this trend. As reported by Reuters, chipmakers such as Arm are expanding edge-optimized AI licensing programs to accelerate on-device inference development, reflecting growing conviction that distributed AI will capture a larger share of enterprise compute workloads. Nvidia is advancing that shift through platforms such as EGX, Jetson and IGX, which bring accelerated computing and real-time inference into enterprise, industrial and infrastructure environments where latency and reliability matter.

Intel is taking a similar approach by integrating AI accelerators such as its Gaudi 3 chips into hybrid architectures and partnering with providers including IBM to push scalable, secure inference closer to users. IBM, in turn, is embedding AI across hybrid cloud and edge deployments through its watsonx platform and enterprise services, with an emphasis on governance, integration and control.

In financial services, these converging moves make edge AI more than a deployment option. It is increasingly the infrastructure layer for enterprise AI, enabling institutions to embed intelligence directly into transaction flows while maintaining discipline over cost, risk and operational continuity.

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Spanberger taps Del. Sickles to be Secretary of Finance

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Spanberger taps Del. Sickles to be Secretary of Finance

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by Brandon Jarvis

Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger has tapped Del. Mark Sickles, D-Fairfax, to serve as her Secretary of Finance.

Sickles has been in the House of Delegates for 22 years and is the second-highest-ranking Democrat on the House Appropriations Committee.

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“As the Vice Chair of the House Appropriations Committee, Delegate Sickles has years of experience working with both Democrats and Republicans to pass commonsense budgets that have offered tax relief for families and helped Virginia’s economy grow,” Spanberger said in a statement Tuesday.

Sickles has been a House budget negotiator since 2018.

Del. Mark Sickles.

“We need to make sure every tax dollar is employed to its greatest effect for hard-working Virginians to keep tuition low, to build more affordable housing, to ensure teachers are properly rewarded for their work, and to make quality healthcare available and affordable for everyone,” Sickles said in a statement. “The Finance Secretariat must be a team player in helping Virginia’s government to perform to its greatest potential.”

Sickles is the third member of the House that Spanberger has selected to serve in her administration. Del. Candi Mundon King, D-Prince William, was tapped to serve as the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Del. David Bulova, D-Fairfax, was named Secretary of Historic and Natural Resources.


This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

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