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Jon Stewart doesn't feel vindicated bringing 'The Daily Show' to a Harris-led DNC

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Jon Stewart doesn't feel vindicated bringing 'The Daily Show' to a Harris-led DNC

Jon Stewart returned to The Daily Show in February, hosting once per week.

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The NPR Network will be reporting live from Chicago throughout the week bringing you the latest on the Democratic National Convention.

In a way, this week’s Democratic National Convention in Chicago might be the event that Jon Stewart predicted six months ago – or at least, hinted at with a wink and a few devastating one liners.

That’s when Stewart kicked off his current stint at The Daily Show, hosting once per week after nearly nine years away. During his first episode in February, he asked questions and poked fun at President Joe Biden’s persistent public flubs amid questions about his age.

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Stewart joked about former president Donald Trump’s age too, noting that he and Biden “are the oldest people ever to run for president, breaking by only four years the record that THEY SET THE LAST TIME THEY RAN!” But his words about Biden brought rebukes back then from liberals like the former president’s niece Mary Trump, Keith Olbermann and hosts on The View.

Still, even though Biden now has left the presidential race to make way for younger Vice President Kamala Harris, Stewart says he’s not feeling particularly vindicated or prescient.

“The whole gig is to not allow the noise of the crowd or the pressure of what you might imagine the reaction to something, to sway that kind of internal barometer that we’ve developed at the show of what’s salient, what’s absurd, what’s jumping out at you,” Stewart said in an interview before the DNC began.

It’s a job that’s taken on even larger proportions this week, as The Daily Show presents episodes filmed before an audience of more than 800 people in Chicago at the convention — featuring a different correspondent hosting every night. It all culminates with a live show hosted by Stewart on Thursday.

Stewart and executive producer/showrunner Jennifer Flanz sat down to talk about The Daily Show at an important time for the program. The show and its offshoots earned a total seven Emmy nominations this year for a season where they welcomed a succession of guest hosts — from Leslie Jones and Sarah Silverman to Charlamagne tha God and Michelle Wolf – before settling into the current pattern of Stewart hosting once a week and the correspondents taking over the other nights.

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Flanz, who started working on The Daily Show before Stewart did – starting as a production assistant in 1998 – said it was probably necessary for the show to have the experience of supporting many different hosts first, so they could make the current iteration work well.

“I do think this is the best version of the show that we could make,” added Flanz, noting it is too early to know if that means the show will delay or suspend seeking a permanent full-time host.

Jennifer Flanz at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival.

Jennifer Flanz at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival.

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Stewart, who seems recovered from a bout with COVID that kept him from hosting a few weeks back, says he hasn’t yet decided if he will keep going after the presidential election in November. Right now, the comic says he’s mostly hoping to encourage correspondents like Michael Kosta, Desi Lydic, Jordan Klepper and Ronny Chieng, who have grown into their roles as hosts.

Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.

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We saw you guys decide not to bring the show [to the RNC] because of security reasons. What’s different that’s allowed you to go ahead with shows at the DNC?

Jennifer Flanz: [At the RNC] we had built a set and we were ready to go. And then the assassination attempt against Trump happened and the whole city felt like it was on lockdown. And we were like, ‘How are we supposed to get an audience?’ Getting the audience into the theater felt like it was going to be very hard. It just felt like, in order to make sure we could get shows on, we should go back to the studio … [At the DNC] we are, at least, very far from the convention center. Our theater is very far from where the security is.

I can imagine for journalists what the value is in going to the actual place … But can you talk a little bit about why it makes sense for you guys to have the whole [show] move to the DNC as opposed to just sending some of the correspondents?

Jon Stewart: A lot of it is Comedy Central just trying to burn off airline miles [laughs]. I can tell you, some of the best material that we’ve gotten over the years has been at the conventions. And Jen and I have been doing this since 2000 … getting the correspondents on the floor, interacting at the convention center … John Oliver wouldn’t even have met his wife if we had not gone there.

Flanz: He made a love connection at the convention. [Famously, Oliver’s now wife Kate Norley, met him while helping the comic hide from security at the 2008 RNC while he was working for The Daily Show.] 

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Stewart: It adds a level of urgency and immediacy to the comedy that you wouldn’t get standing in front of a green screen … And we’ve done that, too.

Flanz: We also have the ability to have multiple correspondents doing a piece together … So it feels like you’re in the news rather than just making fun of it.

Jon, on the nights that you’re not hosting [at the DNC], will you also be helping out?

Stewart: I think my job at some level has become like an old man [in the] corner trying to … let everybody know like, ‘Hey, don’t don’t feel the pressure of this, or don’t stress too much about that. Like, you guys know what you’re doing.’ And that’s been the most impressive thing to me, is watching … Jordan and Desi, Michael and Ronny as they kind of accelerate their growth as hosts as well.

Flanz: I think Jon gets them a lot of confidence … in believing in their own opinion and getting out there. And it’s okay to say things that you want to say, but also not say everything if you don’t feel like saying it.

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Stewart: Well, that’s the biggest thing.

Flanz: You don’t have to comment on everything.

Stewart: Sometimes there’s this sense of, ‘Oh, we have to go out there with a profound commentary on there.’ And it’s like, no, actually.

That was one of the toughest things about the show, is that it had created this expectation that whenever there was tragedy or something devastating, that we were going to have to go out there and contextualize it in a way that, you know, eases the burden for people.

When you returned to the show, your first commentary was about Joe Biden and Trump and age. How do you feel now that we’ve reached this point where [Biden] had to leave the race? Do you feel at all vindicated? 

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Stewart: You know, I don’t know that I would ever look at it as vindicated … That’s kind of the whole gig, is to not allow the noise of the crowd … to sway that kind of internal barometer that we’ve developed at the show of what’s salient, what’s absurd, what’s jumping out at [us]. How can I articulate this, you know, elephant in the room that I’m seeing … how do we frame it and how do we present it in a way that doesn’t take it out of context, but allows people to see it clearly, laugh at its absurdity and digest it?

When we first got in there, my first thing was like, ‘Hey Jen, why don’t we do this: Israel/Palestine, first episode.’ And Jen was like…that might be kind of a very narrow swing. Why don’t we step back a bit? We’ve got our Indecision [election] coverage – why don’t we set the parameters for the race?

Flanz: We hadn’t been on the air for over two months…When we found out Jon was coming back, we just needed to set up for the audience, what are we working with here and what is this year going to look like for The Daily Show? That was [Stewart’s return episode], which set up a lot of criticism from all sides…[people] saying Jon’s more liberal, Jon’s more conservative…but we’ve always been this way…If Jon or Desi or Michael and the hosts aren’t saying exactly what the audience wants to hear and feel…they’re never going to be satisfied.

You know, I interviewed Dulce Sloan some time ago, and she said when she heard that Jon was coming to the show, she just felt like, ‘Okay, now we won’t get canceled.’ … I’m wondering if there was a sense of that, too, in what’s happened here – that the show needed a little help and Jon was able to come back.

Flanz: I wasn’t afraid we were getting canceled … [But] we were in this place where we didn’t know what was going to happen with the show. And had been pitching a bunch of concepts and ideas. So Jon walking into the studio, people were so happy …the relief of like, ‘Oh, that’s the next chapter.’

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Stewart: The difficulty for the show is that they’ve been doing a point of view show … a machine built for a perspective. And they’ve been doing it through the eyes of guest hosts, different celebrities, which might be one of the hardest things to pull off. Now they get to refocus on the show’s point of view, because the [correspondent] hosts are steeped in that culture. They know the machine.

So when [your return] was announced, of course, we were told you were going to do it at least until the election. Do you know if you’re going to keep doing it after?

Stewart: I do not. But, you know, I think right now we’re just sort of in the middle of everything that we’re doing. And when we get through it, I think Jen and I’ll probably sit down and talk about next steps.

Flanz: We’re a daily show. We barely think a day or two in advance.

Stewart: [November] just seems ages away.

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Are you in a situation where The Daily Show doesn’t need a permanent host?

Stewart: It’s not so much about a permanent host. It’s about, is there an organic transference to this one individual? I feel like the show’s clicking, whatever that means. There’s always a tendency to look at, ‘What’s the next iteration?’ But we’re iterating that right now.

Flanz: It’s fun and I think we’re making great shows. For people who are on social media all the time, which is a lot of our audience, seeing different faces and hearing different voices is cool for them and exciting. I know there is a standard in late night, which is one host. But we’re breaking that, and it’s working. So who knows? Let’s see if we can get through the [DNC] week.

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Timothée Chalamet, a Neil Diamond tribute band and more in theaters for Christmas

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Timothée Chalamet, a Neil Diamond tribute band and more in theaters for Christmas

Timothée Chalamet in Marty Supreme.

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A ping pong hustler for the ages, a Neil Diamond interpreter for the ’80s, choral music both comic and spiritual, plus tormented teens, twisted families, and a giant snake on the loose. It’s quite the jolly holiday at your local cineplex.

They join a new Avatar sequel, a Bradley Cooper-directed drama, and more in theaters.

Marty Supreme

In theaters Thursday

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I feel as if I should tell you to speed-read this review, preferably with Fats Domino’s “The Fat Man” blaring in your ear. Josh Safdie’s adrenaline-fueled, screwball comedy about a table tennis hustler who dreams of world domination — in a sport that hasn’t registered yet with the American public — is a mesmerizing cinematic tour de force. Timothée Chalamet plays Marty Mauser (loosely based on real-life 1940s and ’50s U.S. ping pong champ and petty criminal Marty Reisman), graduating from determined kid-with-a-passion to aggrieved also-ran-in-full-melt-down mode, attracting and then alienating everyone he comes across. We meet him as a New York shoe salesman having storeroom trysts with his married childhood sweetheart (Odessa A’zion) and prepping for a bout in England for which he can’t even afford plane fare.

Marty establishes with a series of heists and scams that he’s got no problem cheating or stealing to get there, then regales the press with a pugnacious racist routine that lands him on front pages before his first serve. Chalamet’s live-wire approach is neatly countered by a serenely sensual turn by Gwyneth Paltrow as an aging movie star who finds Marty amusing and alarming in about equal measure. And the film’s just getting started at that point, careening towards a championship in Japan with the propulsive, harrowing, rush-to-judgment feel of Safdie’s Uncut Gems mixed up with dizzying comedy. It’s a thrill ride, pure and simple. — Bob Mondello

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Song Sung Blue

In theaters Thursday

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Mike and Claire Sardina, the real-life, blue-collar Milwaukee couple who formed a Neil Diamond tribute act in the 1980s, get the sequin-and-spangle treatment in this Hugh Jackman and Kate Hudson love-fest. Writer and director Craig Brewer keeps the music central and the sentiment tolerable as the couple meets cute, bonds quick, and forms a musical act known professionally as Lightning and Thunder. The stars are well-matched and appealing — Hudson does a winning Patsy Cline impersonation, and Jackman completely nails Neil Diamond’s sound and bearing. The couple’s story, which has more downs than ups, doesn’t quite match the mood of a movie determined to be ever-and-always-up. Still, the stars are engaging, the supporting cast great fun, and the music rousing. — Bob Mondello

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Anaconda

In theaters Thursday

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The original Anaconda movie came out almost 30 years ago, sending an assortment of ’90s movie stars down the Amazon, where they were menaced and occasionally crushed and/or devoured by giant deadly snakes. That film, starring Jennifer Lopez and Ice Cube, was a hit that spawned a handful of lightly regarded sequels.

Heavy on meta references to the original film, the new Anaconda is not quite a reboot, it’s not quite a sequel, and it’s played for laughs. Jack Black and Paul Rudd star as lifelong friends who grew up wanting to be filmmakers. But they’ve followed different career paths — Paul Rudd’s character is a struggling actor whose biggest role was a bit part on the TV show S.W.A.T., while Jack Black’s character makes wedding videos while yearning to shoot something more creative. They gather their old friends and collaborators — played by Thandiwe Newton and Steve Zahn — and head to the Amazon to shoot a meta reimagining of Anaconda. As you can imagine, this proves harder than it sounds. — Stephen Thompson

The Plague

In limited theaters Wednesday

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The first image is an eerie, underwater shot — sun-dappled blues, greens, and greys — its peace suddenly exploded as bodies plunge into the pool. Middle school boys, limbs all akimbo, almost literally at sea, as they struggle for equilibrium. It’s an apt beginning for the story of a youngster trying to figure out where he fits in among the cliques at a summer water polo camp. Ben (Everett Blunck) is the camp newbie, Jake (Kayo Martin) its smirking cool kid who picks up on his fellow campers’ idiosyncrasies and exploits them.

He tells Ben that Eli (Kenny Rasmussen), a withdrawn boy with a rash, has the “plague” and must be avoided. Ben, seeing the obvious pain the outcast is in, can’t square that with his own sense of decency, but also doesn’t want to be ostracized, and his attempt to split the difference leads the film into Lord of the Flies territory. Charlie Polinger’s directorial debut looks breathtaking, feels unnerving, and traffics cleverly in body-horror tropes as it basically establishes that 12-year-old boys are savages who should never be without adult supervision. — Bob Mondello

Father Mother Sister Brother

In limited theaters Wednesday

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You might expect Jim Jarmusch to look at family relationships with a certain eccentricity, but not necessarily in the elegantly framed way he does in this triptych about adult children and the parents they don’t begin to understand. The Father segment casts Adam Driver and Mayim Bialik as siblings who are stiff with each other, and even less comfortable with their garrulous con man of a dad (Tom Waits). Driver’s come with provisions and cash, Bialik’s come armed with an arched eyebrow, and Waits is ready for them both.

The second part, Mother, finds a sublimely chilly Charlotte Rampling hosting an awkward once-a-year tea for her daughters, one primly nervous (Cate Blanchett), the other pink-haired and boisterous (Vicky Krieps). And the final third, Sister Brother, finds Indya Moore and Luka Sabbat bonding in their recently deceased parents’ now-empty Paris apartment. This segment seems less about estrangement, until you realize how little they actually know about their dear departed folks. There are running jokes about Rolexes, the expression “Bob’s your uncle,” and toasts to tie things together, along with a sweet, reflective tone that makes this one of the year’s most compassionate films. — Bob Mondello

The Choral

In limited theaters Thursday

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Director Nicholas Hytner and screenwriter Alan Bennett, who previously teamed up on The Madness of King George, The History Boys, and The Lady in the Van, are plumbing shallower depths in this gentle dramedy about an amateur chorus in 1916. When their choirmaster leaves to fight in World War I, grieving mill owner Roger Allam, who funds the chorus, reluctantly hires Dr. Guthrie (Ralph Fiennes), a gifted choirmaster but a divisive choice in this intensely nationalistic moment — because he’s spent the last few years in Germany. He also exhibits “peculiarities” (code for being gay) but this seems less important to the locals.

Fiennes is briskly dismissive of local traditions, snippy about English appreciation for the arts, and celebrated enough in music circles to persuade composer Edward Elgar (Simon Russell Beale) to let them perform his oratorio “The Dream of Gerontius.” Elgar is less thrilled when he discovers the chorus is turning the oratorio into a story about the war, casting its elderly hero as a young soldier and generally making it what later generations would call “relevant.” It’s all sweet and sentimental, and though it’s being released during awards seasons, feels as if it really wants to be considered for best picture of 1933. — Bob Mondello

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No Other Choice

In select theaters Thursday

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“I’ve got it all,” says paper factory supervisor Man-su as he hugs his family at a barbecue in the backyard of his elegant Korean home. He’s grilling some eels given to him by the paper company’s new American owners, secure in the knowledge that this must mean they value him. This being a social satire by director Park Chan-wook, it’s reasonable to expect he will shortly be dealt a blow, and one day later, he’s been axed. (The film is based on Donald E. Westlake’s 1997 horror-thriller novel The Ax). He’s distraught but can’t express, or even really understand, that he feels he has lost his manhood, his mojo, and his reason for being.

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On top of that, his industry is consolidating, so finding another job before his severance pay runs out and he loses his house (his childhood home) will be tricky. Asked if he’d consider a job outside the paper industry, Man-su (Lee Byung-hun) says that for him there is “no other choice,” echoing the words his American bosses uttered about bringing down costs as they did layoffs. But with the end of severance payments looming, he hatches a plan to knock off his job market competition one by one. Isn’t this mass murder? Well, he has “no other choice.”

At first it seems as if we’re in serial-killer comedy territory, but the filmmaker widens the frame to include narrative side trips — a stepson who’s stealing cellphones, a daughter who’s a cello prodigy, a wife who’s working for a dentist that Man-su suspects has designs on her. Oh, and pig-farm trauma from his youth, and a passion for greenhouse gardening. Director Park has a lot going on, and a final paper-plant-mechanization sequence suggests that all these stabs at human agency may just have been humanity’s last gasp. — Bob Mondello

The Testament of Ann Lee

In limited theaters Thursday

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Ambitious, stylized, intense, and thoroughly unorthodox, Mona Fastvold’s religious biopic tells the story of Shakers founder Ann Lee (a wild-eyed, fiercely committed Amanda Seyfried) as a full-scale musical drama. That’s not to say there are finger-snapping tunes. The score adapts 18th century Shaker spirituals, and the choreography involves the thrusting limbs and clawing fingers of the seizure-like dancing that earned this puritan sect of “Shaking” Quakers their nickname.

We meet Ann as a pious youngster more interested in spiritual matters than matters of the flesh. Marriage to a man who enjoys inflicting pain during sex, and the deaths of her four children in infancy lead Ann to the conclusion that lifelong celibacy is among the keys to salvation. With the help of her younger brother (Lewis Pullman), she finds adherents to a religious philosophy that also emphasizes gender equality and simple living, and leads them to found a utopian, crafts-based community in America. Director Fastvold and her co-writer Brady Corbet (the couple flipped roles from last year’s The Brutalist) serve up Ann’s spiritual journey in ecstatically musical terms, which is at once distancing and … well, ecstatic, though it pales a bit over the course of two-and-a-quarter hours. — Bob Mondello 

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Toys are talking back thanks to AI, but are they safe around kids?

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Toys are talking back thanks to AI, but are they safe around kids?

Stuffed animals that talk back. Chessboards with pieces that move on their own. And a chatty holographic fairy in a crystal ball.

Your next toy purchase might be powered by artificial intelligence and able to converse with your kids.

Chatbots and AI-powered assistants that can quickly answer questions and generate texts have become more common after the rise of OpenAI’s ChatGPT. As AI becomes more intertwined in our work and personal lives, it’s also shaking up playtime.

Startups have already unleashed AI toys in time for the holidays. More are set to hit the shelves for both kids and adults in the new year.

Some parents are excited to test the toys, hoping that the chatty bot interactions will educate and entertain their children. Others don’t want the seemingly sentient tech near their loved ones until it has more guardrails and undergoes further testing.

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Researchers at the U.S. PIRG Education Fund say they have already found problems with some of the toys they tested. Among the issues: an AI teddy bear that could be prompted into discussing sexual fetishes and kink, according to the group.

Toy makers say AI can make play more interactive, and they take safety and privacy seriously. Some have placed more limits around how chatty some of these products can be. They say they are taking their time figuring out how to use AI safely with children.

El Segundo-based Mattel, the maker of Barbie and Hot Wheels, announced earlier this year that it had teamed up with OpenAI to create more AI-powered toys. The initial plan was to unveil their first joint product this year, but that announcement has been pushed into 2026.

Here’s what you need to know about AI toys:

What’s an AI toy?

Toys have featured the latest technology for decades.

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Introduced in the 1980s, Teddy Ruxpin told stories aloud when a tape cassette was inserted into the animatronic bear’s back. Furbys — fuzzy creatures that blinked their large eyes and talked — came along in the ’90s, when digital pets, Tamagotchi, also were all the rage.

Mattel released a Barbie in 2015 that could talk and tell jokes. The toy maker also marketed a dream house in 2016 that responded to voice commands.

As technology has advanced, toys have also gotten smarter. Now, toy makers are using large language models trained to understand and generate language that powers products such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT. Mattel sells a game called Pictionary vs. AI, in which players draw pictures and AI guesses what they are.

Equipped with microphones and connected to WiFi, AI toys are pricier than traditional ones, are marketed as companions or educational products and can cost $100 or even double that.

Why are people worried about them?

From inappropriate content to privacy concerns, worries about AI toys grew this holiday season.

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U.S. PIRG Education Fund researchers tested several toys. One that failed was Kumma, an AI-powered talking teddy bear that told researchers where to find dangerous objects such as knives and pills and conversed about sexually explicit content. The bear was running on OpenAI’s software.

Some toys also use tactics to keep kids engaged, which makes parents concerned that the interactions could become addictive. There are also privacy concerns about data collected from children. Some worry about how these toys will impact kids’ developing brains.

“What does it mean for young kids to have AI companions? We just really don’t know how that will impact their development,” said Rory Erlich, one of the toy testers and authors of PIRG’s AI toys report.

Child advocacy group Fairplay has warned parents not to buy AI toys for children, calling them “unsafe.”

The group outlined several reasons, including that AI toys are powered by the same technology that’s already harmed children. Parents who have lost their children to suicide have sued companies such as OpenAI and Character.AI, alleging they didn’t put in enough guardrails to protect the mental health of young people.

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Rachel Franz, director of Fairplay’s Young Children Thrive Offline program, said these toys are marketed as a way to educate and entertain kids — online to millions of people.

“Young children don’t actually have the brain or social-emotional capacity to ward against the potential harms of these AI toys,” she said. “But the marketing is really powerful.”

How have toy makers and AI companies responded to these concerns?

Larry Wang, founder and chief executive of FoloToy, the Singapore startup behind Kumma, said in an email the company is aware of the issues researchers found with the toy.

“The behaviors referenced were identified and addressed through updates to our model selection and child-safety systems, along with additional testing and monitoring,” he said. “From the outset, our approach has been guided by the principle that AI systems should be designed with age-appropriate protections by default.”

The company welcomes scrutiny and ongoing dialogue about safety, transparency and appropriate design, he said, noting it’s “an opportunity for the entire industry to mature.”

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OpenAI said it suspended FoloToy for violating its policies.

“Minors deserve strong protections and we have strict policies that developers are required to uphold. We take enforcement action against developers when we determine that they have violated our policies, which prohibit any use of our services to exploit, endanger, or sexualize anyone under 18 years old,” a company spokesperson said in a statement.

What AI toys have California startups created?

Curio, a Redwood City startup, sells stuffed animals, including a talking rocket plushie called Grok that’s voiced by artist Grimes, who has children with billionaire Elon Musk. Bondu, a San Francisco AI toy maker, made a talking stuffed dinosaur that can converse with kids, answering questions and role-playing.

Skyrocket, a Los Angeles-based toy maker, sells Poe, the AI story bear. The bear, powered by OpenAI’s LLM, comes with an app where users pick characters like a princess or a robot for a story. The bright-eyed bear, named after writer Edgar Allan Poe, generates stories based on that selection and recites them aloud.

But kids can’t have a back-and-forth conversation with the teddy bear like with other AI toys.

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“It just comes with a lot of responsibility, because it greatly increases the sophistication and level of safeguards you have to have and how you have to control the content because the possibilities are so much greater,” said Nelo Lucich, co-founder and chief executive of Skyrocket.

Some companies, such as Olli in Huntington Beach, have created a platform used by AI toy makers, including the creators of the Imagix Crystal Ball. The toy projects an AI hologram companion that resembles a dragon or fairy.

Hai Ta, the founder and chief executive of Olli, said he views AI toys as different from screen time and talking to virtual assistants because the product is structured around a certain focus such as storytelling.

“There’s an element of gameplay there,” he said. “It’s not just infinite, open-ended chatting.”

What is Mattel developing with OpenAI?

Mattel hasn’t revealed what products it is releasing with OpenAI, but a company spokesperson said that they will be focused on families and older customers, not children.

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The company also said it views AI as a way to complement rather than replace traditional play and is emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation when building new products.

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30 years ago, ‘Waiting to Exhale’ was the blockbuster Hollywood didn’t anticipate

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30 years ago, ‘Waiting to Exhale’ was the blockbuster Hollywood didn’t anticipate

Loretta Devine, Whitney Houston, Angela Bassett and Lela Rochon.

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Many (predominantly white) critics weren’t impressed with the movie Waiting to Exhale when it opened in 1995, but moviegoers turned up in droves, making it one of the year’s most profitable blockbusters. In a year in review, The Los Angeles Times dubbed the film a “social phenomenon,” and the NAACP lavished it with Image Awards for outstanding motion picture, lead actress and more.

Ten years after the acclaim and controversy of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple and long before Girlfriends and Girls Trip, the Black women’s ensemble feature was a rarity on American screens — until this modestly-budgeted, big studio adaptation of Terry McMillan’s popular novel made its splashy debut. Before Sex and the City delved into the sex lives and pitfalls of urban daters, audiences thrilled to the sight of Waiting to Exhale foregrounding the romantic lives and misadventures of four successful, single Black women, not just struggling to survive but striving for more.

“I haven’t gotten to the point where I’ll take whatever I can get,” Savannah (Whitney Houston) observes in the movie as she refuses to settle and moves from Denver to Phoenix. “There’s a big difference between being thirsty and being dehydrated.” Her words apply to people craving better representation just as they do women seeking a love connection. In the 1990s, even as Black women were often let down while longing to see themselves depicted fully and lovingly as the center of stories, they kept seeking, often practicing what cultural scholars like Stuart Hall called negotiated reading. As scholar Jacqueline Bobo wrote in 1988 about Black women’s reception of Steven Spielberg’s adaptation of The Color Purple, “we understand that mainstream media has never rendered our segment of the population faithfully … out of habit, as readers of mainstream texts, we have learnt to ferret out the beneficial and put up blinders against the rest.”

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A humane and cheeky comedy, Waiting to Exhale exceeded expectations. So women showed up for this movie, surprising even executives at 20th Century Fox, who should have known better given the book’s fans, who swamped readings by the thousands. They gathered. They laughed. They talked. And they cried. And many saw themselves in these four women, regardless of whether they had the wardrobes and lifestyles. They knew the pain of working hard and successfully building a life, when all your family can see is that you don’t have the thing that was still so prized and validating in women’s lives — a socially approved, church-sanctified partner.

The resonance was so deep that, for years to come, the story’s reception and impact would be studied by cultural scholars. When Jacqueline Bobo published her book-length study of Black Women as Cultural Readers, Waiting to Exhale was a recurring reference point. And when Black women authors are asked about their influences, the movie Waiting to Exhale and the novel remain touchstones, the movie often the first point of entry. Danyel Smith called them “era-defining” and Tara M. Stringfellow wrote that McMillan taught her that “sisterhood is as necessary as air.”

Translating the 1992 novel to the big screen 

Like its faithful film adaptation, Terry McMillan’s bestselling book is tart, a little raunchy and incisive. Her portraits of four successful, attractive middle class Black women reflected important social changes including dramatic increases in working women and educational attainment in the 1970s to 1990s. While sociologists were debating “the marriage gap” and declining rates of marriage for Black women, McMillan’s characters were commiserating, exploring their options, cracking jokes, and braving the messy realities of life in a series of poignant and laugh out loud funny vignettes.

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It’s remarkable to see how well the film and book correspond: While the screenplay compressed some of the novel’s nuance and depth of the characters’ inner monologues and social observation, it retained and even amplified the emotional power. Despite some biases of the time – including fatphobia and the use of homophobic slurs – the themes hold up.

Casting was a major part of the charm. Still hot off her film debut opposite Kevin Costner in The Bodyguard in 1992, Whitney Houston gave the film unmistakable star power. As Savannah, she’s ambitious, the one who isn’t willing to settle no matter how much her mother pressures her, even as she recognizes dwindling odds of marriage and an abundance of frustrating suitors. She doesn’t need rescue or support. What she craves, what she’s holding out for, despite the insistent phone calls from her mother, is soul-deep love. In the book, Savannah admits to herself: “I worry. I worry about if and when I’ll ever find the right man, if I’ll ever be able to exhale… Never in a million years would I have ever believed that I would be thirty-six years old and still childless and single. But here I am.” On screen she’s just 33, and expresses these sentiments in conversation. The point lands just the same.

Savannah’s best friend Bernadine (Angela Bassett) is equal parts fierce and wounded — an impeccably groomed and soon-to-be divorced mother of two who helped build a business with her husband and then got unceremoniously dumped for a younger and whiter version of herself. Loretta Devine is striking as Gloria, a hair salon owner who has all but given up on romantic love, and dreads the looming empty nest after focusing all her attention on mothering her 17-year old son (flawlessly cast in Donald Faison of Clueless). Last, there’s the beautiful yet naive corporate underwriter Robin, played by Lela Rochon, whose taste in men leaves a lot to be desired and provides comic gold in her hapless dating adventures. Robin’s motley crew of suitors include Mykelti Williamson delivering an indelible comic turn, Leon Robinson and Wendell Pierce.

The creative talent behind the scenes was also crucial to the film’s success. It was actor Forest Whitaker’s directorial debut, working with a screenplay co-written by McMillan and Oscar-winning writer Ronald Bass, best known at the time for Rain Man. The film’s episodic structure centering milestone holidays is a little choppy and uneven, but many of the scenes deliver a gut punch or laugh out loud joy. The writing duo faithfully distilled the character and tone from the source material including much of the original dialogue. Scholars Tina M. Harris and Patricia S. Hill argue that McMillan also “influenced directorial decisions and character development” on set, enriching the story’s authentic portrayals of Black women.

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In the movie’s single most enduring (and now iconic) scene, after Bernadine’s husband tells her he’s leaving her for the company accountant, she empties his closet and then burns his expensive belongings and car in their driveway. Clad in a black lace nightgown and silk robe, with a cigarette in her hand and a look of disgust and determination on her face, Angela Bassett vibrates with indignation — heightened with sound effects and camera angles, it’s a brilliantly provocative visual translation of the events McMillan imagined in print. In the book, McMillan paints a similar picture with words. Bernadine is “feeling antsy,” fuming over being left after putting up with so much. Anger rising, she reflects on the excessive power her husband had wielded in their home and takes stock — of the “close to a thousand books, most in alphabetical order” and of John’s closet, with shirts “grouped by color” and suits “in order by designer” and of how he “had even counted the number of times they made love.” Concluding, “there was too much order in this damn house,” she frees herself, lighting most of his stuff on fire and throwing a garage sale, pricing every remaining possession at a dollar.

Three decades later, the appeal endures, despite reviews like the one in Salon that likened gender representation in Waiting to Exhale to “male bashing taken to an extreme,” “crack for the female psyche” and “cheap thrills and psychological lies masquerading as social commentary.” Three years after Waiting to Exhale‘s debut, Sex and the City would use a similar formula. Mirroring Whitaker’s production, SATC centered four white professional women pursuing romance and experiencing raunchy, farcical dating and sexual disappointments while embracing each other. It also paired action with contemplative voice overs and gave the women even more upscale and enviable lifestyles. The HBO show premiered to popular delight and somewhat better reviews, eventually garnering 54 Emmy nominations and 7 wins. Today, I see Waiting to Exhale as blazing a trail and deserving appreciation as a deeply human work of commercial art that took Black women’s lives and concerns seriously and executed its vision with style.

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