Crypto
New Arkansas laws regulate cryptocurrency mining
Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders has signed two laws regulating cryptocurrency mining in Arkansas, following months of outcry from lawmakers and their constituents.
Much of the push for mining regulation comes from a woman named Gladys Anderson. She lives next to a crypto mine in Bono, a neighborhood near Greenbrier. It’s a rural farming community, where residents say they woke up one day to hear a constant shrieking and humming sound coming from the mine.
Anderson lives closest to it, just a few hundred feet away. Her story has since gone national; speaking on CBS News, she called the noise “torture.”
The criticisms of these machines, which generate cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, fall into three buckets; they’re too loud, they’re bad for the environment, and they have foreign ownership ties that make a lot of people uncomfortable.
The Arkansas Legislature’s fiscal session, which formally adjourned last Thursday, was designed by law to focus only on budget matters. But, this year, lawmakers made an exception for this one issue.
One of the bills was championed by Sen. Joshua Bryant, R-Rogers, who explained his support for the legislation this way.
“Once they’re up and operating under existing ordinances/laws that they don’t just get arbitrarily or capriciously banned,” he said.
In the 2023 legislative session, Bryant sponsored a bill which later became Act 851. The law almost entirely deregulated the mines, prohibiting local governments from putting restrictions on them. Since then, there has been an influx of crypto mines in Arkansas and, with them, controversy about the noise and operations. Bryant says he doesn’t want to repeal that law.
“Repeal really wasn’t the option. What was the option was to create a state framework like we did with auto racing in the ’90s, with auto and gas compressors in the 2000s, to have some state oversight on this industry in order to control it when counties don’t want to step up and do it themselves,” he said.
Bryant says he just wants to give counties the power to regulate the mines, as well as the state if counties choose not to. He says he’s met with leaders in the crypto industry, and doesn’t think the practice is inherently bad. He wants to crack down on “one or two bad actors.”
“[If] they would have complied or been better neighbors a year ago, this wouldn’t have really be a conversation,” he said. “Because crypto mines have been operating in our state for over a decade.”
The first new law allows the mines to operate if they comply with noise ordinances. They have to be 2,000 feet from a residence and can’t be controlled by a “prohibited foreign party-controlled business.” The second new law subjects mines which break the rules to civil penalties.
One of the few lawmakers to vote against the bills was Rep. Andrew Collins, D-Little Rock. He doesn’t like the part of the bill that bans foreign ownership of the mines. There is some evidence tying crypto mining in general to the Chinese government.
Collins says this could be a slippery slope.
“We need to be very careful when we say that somebody can’t do something, or doesn’t have the right to either own property or exercise the right to make a living based on being in a category,” he said.
Collins asked Bryant, who sponsored one of the bills, about this during a committee meeting.
“Effectively, if you’ve got somebody from, say, Venezuela, and they are trying to move to America and they are trying to become a citizen and they are functioning within the confines of the law, completely innocent, no issue. They are not allowed to make an investment.”
Bryant didn’t share his concerns.
“If you come here and you open a facility here that uses our natural resources, that has potential cyber security threats to our grid and other entities, and you are connected to said grid, where do your loyalties lie and what will they be asking of you?”
Collins said he wanted to see better evidence than what he heard in Byrant’s answer. He also says the laws don’t actually address one of the biggest issues; they don’t turn down the noise.
“[The] only thing that a crypto mine operator has to do is apply noise reduction techniques,” Collins said. “They can be very ineffectual.”
One of the laws lists examples of things such as liquid cooling which could be used to keep the mines quiet. But, it doesn’t force the mine’s owners to turn the sound down. Bryant says he is enforcing an industry standard.
“A lot of my colleagues didn’t want the government to control the noise,” he said. “Some thought if you live in a county and the county does not want to pass any ordinances that require, as a whole, the community to mitigate their noise, why are we telling a business to do something that we are not telling everybody to do?”
Gladys Anderson, who lives next to the Bono crypto mine, said she doesn’t trust what Bryant says about the law. But, she says she is trying to remain positive about it.
Faulkner County passed an ordinance capping noise at 60 decibels, a level both Anderson and Little Rock Public Radio have measured the mines exceeding. She is joining with other residents in her community to sue over the noise. Bryant says, because of the new laws, she now has options.
“They’ve got 90 days to comply. I think it will solve the issue. If not, the state will have jurisdiction once the rules are promulgated, or the community of the surrounding neighbors will have standing in court to make sure they follow one of those noise mitigating procedures.”
An attorney representing owners of the Bono cryptocurrency mine did not respond to Little Rock Public Radio’s request for comment.
Crypto
Solana-Based DeFi Exchange Suffers $285 Million Hack | PYMNTS.com
Decentralized cryptocurrency exchange Drift has suffered an exploit that drained $285 million in digital assets.
Crypto
Charles Schwab-Backed EDX Markets Applies for National Trust Bank Charter With OCC
EDX Markets Holding Company Files OCC Charter Application for Crypto Trust Bank
The application was made public on Wednesday, April 1, and first reported on by Bloomberg. It requests full fiduciary powers under 12 U.S.C. § 92a and authorization to provide digital asset custody, asset management, and settlement services exclusively for institutional clients. The proposed main office is located at 200 W. Madison, Suite 1450, Chicago, IL 60606.
EDX Markets launched in June 2023 as an institutional-only cryptocurrency exchange. Its founding backers include Citadel Securities, Fidelity Digital Assets, Charles Schwab, Virtu Financial, Paradigm, Sequoia Capital, Hudson River Trading, and Miami International Holdings.
The platform operates on a non-custodial model, meaning it does not hold client assets during trading, a structure that mirrors how traditional finance (TradFi) firms separate custody from execution. The proposed trust bank would not change that separation. EDX Trust would handle custody, asset management, and settlement. Order matching and trading would remain with its affiliate, EDX Markets LLC.
If approved, EDX Trust would offer fiduciary custody of digital assets, cash, and stablecoins, using sub-custodian banks to manage private keys and reduce single points of failure. The bank would also manage custodied cash and stablecoins by investing them in highly liquid assets, targeting returns near the federal funds rate, along with permissible staking and yield-generating activity.
Settlement services would include riskless principal trading and end-of-day net settlement for clients operating on the EDX Markets platform or in over-the-counter (OTC) venues. The bank would not conduct proprietary trading.
The proposed board includes five members, among them independents with banking and risk backgrounds from First Business Financial, UBS, and Charles Schwab. Management draws from executives who have worked at Cboe Digital, the Options Clearing Corporation, Coinbase, and Kraken.
CEO José Antonio Acuña-Rohter, who previously led ErisX and Cboe Digital, is heading the effort. The bank would have no physical branches and no retail services. All operations would run electronically through APIs and a graphical interface.
The OCC added the application to its public list of pending digital asset licensing applications on March 26. No decision timeline has been announced.
The filing joins a growing list of crypto and fintech firms seeking national trust bank charters since late 2025. In December 2025, the OCC granted conditional approvals to five crypto-related institutions, including de novo charters for Ripple National Trust Bank and First National Digital Currency Bank, along with conversions for Bitgo, Fidelity Digital Assets, and Paxos. Early 2026 saw additional approvals for Crypto.com and Stripe’s Bridge unit.
Pending applications as of April 1 include Revolut Bank US, Zerohash National Trust Bank, Morgan Stanley Digital Trust, Coinbase National Trust Company, and World Liberty Trust Company, which has ties to the Trump family.
A new OCC final rule, effective April 1, 2026, clarifies that national trust banks may engage in operations of a trust company and activities related to non-fiduciary digital asset custody on a case-by-case basis. The rule removes one layer of legal ambiguity that had slowed institutional adoption.
A federal charter allows a firm to operate nationwide under a single regulatory framework, bypassing most state-by-state licensing requirements. For institutions that require regulated custody before allocating to digital assets, that distinction carries weight.
Like the others in line, the OCC will review the EDX Trust application for safety and soundness, capital adequacy, and compliance. The application includes a large volume of confidential exhibits, including the business plan and financial projections, for which EDX has requested FOIA protection.
FAQ 🔎
- What is EDX Markets applying for? EDX Markets Holding Company filed an application with the OCC on March 25, 2026, to charter EDX Trust, National Association, as a de novo national trust bank in Chicago focused on institutional digital asset custody and settlement.
- Who backs EDX Markets? Key investors include Citadel Securities, Fidelity Digital Assets, Charles Schwab, Virtu Financial, Paradigm, Sequoia Capital, and Hudson River Trading.
- What services would EDX Trust offer? The proposed bank would provide fiduciary custody of digital assets and stablecoins, asset management, and settlement services exclusively for institutional clients via electronic channels.
- Has the OCC approved the EDX Trust application? No decision has been announced; the OCC listed the application as pending on March 26, 2026, and will review it for safety, soundness, and compliance.
Crypto
Google warns future quantum computers may crack tech that protects cryptocurrency, wants industry to … – The Times of India
Google researchers have sounded the alarm over the growing threat that future quantum computers pose to the security systems protecting Bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies, saying that the crypto industry needs to start preparing now. In a blog post and accompanying white paper published this week, Google’s research team warned that the computing power required to break the encryption safeguarding crypto wallets and transactions may be significantly lower than experts had previously believed. Google, however, clarified that while no such machine is capable of doing this exists today, the threat is real as future quantum computers may.“Google has led the responsible transition to post-quantum cryptography since 2016. In a new whitepaper, we show that future quantum computers may break the elliptic curve cryptography that protects cryptocurrency and other systems with fewer qubits and gates than previously realized. We want to raise awareness on this issue and are providing the cryptocurrency community with recommendations to improve security and stability before this is possible, including transitioning blockchains to post-quantum cryptography (PQC), which is resistant to quantum attacks,” the company said in a blog post.
What exactly is the risk
At the heart of the concern is a type of encryption called elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC), which is considered to be the mathematical backbone used to secure most crypto transactions. According to Google’s latest research, a future quantum computer could crack a key part of this system, known as ECDLP-256, using roughly 20 times less hardware than earlier estimates had assumed.Consider ECC as a digital lock that is so powerful that it needs much resources to crack it open. Quantum Computing offers a way to crack things that are not been possible with the current systems, like accelerating drug discovery, advancing material science (batteries). Similarly, quantum computers can provide an easy way to break crypto security with lower resources than previously thought.
What it means for crypto holders
Should crypto holders panic? Not yet but Google says they should pay attention. Google is clear that Bitcoin and Ethereum are not suddenly vulnerable, and the researchers framed their paper as a warning, giving the industry time to respond. Still, the researchers struck a cautious tone, noting that the window to act is “increasingly narrow” and that the pace of technological progress means developers, exchanges, and wallet providers need to move faster.Google is also pointing to a newer form of security called post-quantum cryptography (PQC) – encryption systems specifically designed to hold up against the power of quantum machines.“We urge all vulnerable cryptocurrency communities to join the migration to PQC without delay,” the researchers wrote. They also added the the US government has also been apprised of this.“To share this research responsibly, we engaged with the U.S. government and developed a new method to describe these vulnerabilities via a zero-knowledge proof, so they can be verified without providing a roadmap for bad actors. We urge other research teams to do the same to keep people safe. We look forward to continuing our work across the industry following our 2029 timeline alongside others working on responsible approaches, like Coinbase, the Stanford Institute for Blockchain Research, and the Ethereum Foundation,” Google added.
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