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What has caused the cholera outbreak in Sudan?

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What has caused the cholera outbreak in Sudan?

More than 350 cases of cholera have been recorded in a new outbreak in Sudan in just a few weeks.

The difficulties in reaching and registering victims amid the continuing humanitarian crisis caused by the country’s civil war have led experts to speculate that many more people than this may have been infected, however.

Health Minister Haitham Mohamed Ibrahim said at least 22 people have died from the disease and declared a cholera epidemic after several weeks of heavy rain, which has contaminated drinking water.

The cholera epidemic is just the latest crisis for Sudan, where fighting between the army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group, has been spreading around the country since April 2023.

Cholera is not new to Sudan. In 2017, a previous outbreak killed at least 700 people and infected about 22,000 in less than two months.

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Outside of this latest outbreak, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded 78 deaths from cholera between the start of this year and July 28 in Sudan, while some 2,400 people have been infected across the country as a whole.

But what is behind this latest outbreak, and how far has it spread? Here’s what we know so far:

Where has cholera broken out?

The Sudanese health ministry first reported this latest outbreak two weeks ago, when 17 people had died from the disease and 268 cases had been reported in Kassala, El Gezira and Khartoum. This has now risen to 22 deaths and 354 cases.

Sudan has been experiencing particularly heavy seasonal rains since June, with floods killing dozens of people. According to the UN International Organization for Migration (IOM), more than 20,000 people have been displaced by the flooding across 11 of Sudan’s 18 states since June.

Water supplies have also become contaminated with cholera due to the floodwaters mixing with sewage.

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WHO spokesperson Tarik Jasarevic told the Associated Press that data showed that most of the detected cases were in people who had not been vaccinated against cholera.

He added the WHO was working with the Sudanese health authorities and partners to implement a vaccination campaign across the nine localities in five provinces where the disease has been recorded.

What is cholera?

Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. It is spread when people drink infected water, when people with open wounds have direct contact with the contaminated water, and, in some cases, when they eat raw shellfish.

It cannot be transmitted from person to person, so casual contact with a person who has the disease is not a risk.

The disease causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. If the disease is left untreated, cholera can kill within hours – even people who were previously healthy.

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While the disease might not cause illness to everyone exposed to it, infected people can still pass the bacteria in their stool, contaminating food and water supplies. This is a particular problem where there are no working sanitation facilities.

How is cholera treated?

Treatment for cholera includes rehydration to replace the lost fluids.

According to the Mayo Clinic, a US academic medical centre, without rehydration, “half the people with cholera die. With treatment, fatalities drop to less than 1 percent”.

Other treatments include intravenous fluids, antibiotics and zinc supplements.

Children under the age of five have the highest rates of infection, but all age groups are at risk, especially those suffering from malnutrition, those who are immunocompromised or who lack prior vaccination.

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Why is cholera spreading in Sudan?

The war in Sudan has damaged and destroyed much of the country’s civilian infrastructure, including sewage and water treatment works, and turned many places, including the capital, Khartoum, into battlefields.

Many hospitals and medical facilities have been forced to close their doors as they have minimal or no supplies.

While the overall death toll resulting from the conflict remains unclear, some estimates, according to US envoy to Sudan Tom Perriello, are as high as 150,000 people so far.

In June, the IOM reported that more than 10 million people had been displaced within Sudan due to the conflict. Cholera spreads more quickly when populations are displaced and sanitation and hygiene become poor, making war zones the perfect climate for the disease to spread.

On top of this, according to the World Food Programme (WFP), the heavy rainy season has heavily exacerbated the already dire situation, making it harder for aid convoys to pass through the muddy, flooded roads.

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The WFP reported on Monday that the organisation originally aimed to reach half a million people, but convoys are “currently stranded on the Chad side, with heavy rainfall making it largely impassable – some trucks have been stuck for up to two weeks”.

“Preventable diseases [are spreading] quickly in areas where critical infrastructure, like clean water and sanitation systems, has been damaged by conflict and in overcrowded displacement camps,” the WFP said.

Will the cholera epidemic in Sudan get worse?

According to the WFP, the heavy rainfall is forecast to last until September.

Some forecasts warn that “flooding could surpass the historic 2020 floods that hit Khartoum,” the organisation said.

Despite the WFP’s warning of the dire humanitarian situation in the country, the war is continuing.

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On Sunday, the army said it would send a delegation to meet with US officials in Cairo following US pressure to join the ongoing peace talks in Switzerland, which aim to end the conflict and the subsequent humanitarian crisis.

Director of John Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Paul Spiegel, also told Al Jazeera that cholera “thrives during conflict and forced displacement”.

“These conditions make it incredibly challenging to control cholera outbreaks, leading to rapid transmission and devastating consequences for affected communities,” he said.

Spiegel added while an active conflict makes traditional methods of controlling an outbreak difficult, health officials “must be flexible and innovative, and take advantage of the different contexts” within Sudan to mitigate the spread of disease.

Are other diseases on the rise in Sudan?

On Friday, WHO official Margaret Harris said that dengue fever and meningitis infections were also on the rise in Sudan due to dire living conditions as a result of the 16-month-long war.

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Hundreds of thousands evacuated as Typhoon Bavi barrels towards China

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Hundreds of thousands evacuated as Typhoon Bavi barrels towards China

Super Typhoon Bavi has been downgraded but is still dangerous, meteorologists say.

More than 600,000 people have been evacuated from their homes in China as Typhoon Bavi barrels towards the country after hitting Japan’s Sakishima islands and grazing northern Taiwan.

Chinese authorities said on Saturday more than half a million people were evacuated in the eastern Zhejiang province and another 100,000 in neighbouring Fujian province.

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Bavi is expected to make landfall in Wenzhou, a densely populated city in Zhejiang, in the early hours of Sunday, and is expected to bring heavy rains.

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Although significantly weakened since it thundered through the US Pacific islands on Monday and tracked northwest, Typhoon Bavi remains a significant risk due to the large volumes of moisture it carries in its rain bands.

In China, the national weather agency issued an orange typhoon alert – the second-highest on a four-level rating. Hundreds of flights have been cancelled, rail travel services have been reduced, and many schools and ferry services have been suspended.

“I’m a little worried, but I think it’ll be OK,” Wenzhou resident Huang Xinghuan, 50, told Reuters news agency while buying groceries at a traditional wet market before it closed ahead of the typhoon.

His family, he said, had stocked about two or three days’ water, and food supplies remain guaranteed.

“We’ve been through typhoons before. We’ll get through it,” he added.

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In Ningde city, Fujian province, more than 3,700 people were evacuated from high-risk onshore areas by Friday evening, Xinhua news agency said. Authorities there have placed more than 17,000 emergency rescue workers on standby.

Meanwhile, China’s southern region of Hainan and Guangxi are still reeling from the effects of Tropical Storm Maysak earlier this week. At least 39 people died in the city of Nanning, where a breached dam sent torrents of water through the streets.

Philippines records deaths, Taiwan escapes casualties

At least 17 people were killed in the Philippines after heavy rains brought on by an enhanced southwest monsoon and worsened by Bavi’s impact triggered landslides overnight on Friday.

In Taiwan, where Bavi is expected to sweep past on Saturday according to the island’s Central Weather Administration, at least 36 people have been injured – mainly while riding motorcycles on slippery roads in the heavy rain and winds.

Some 14,210 people were evacuated across the island by Saturday morning, particularly from the city of Taichung and the county of Hualien. Schools, offices and most restaurants across Taiwan have been closed.

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Meanwhile, more than 200 flights were cancelled across Japan as authorities in the southern Okinawa prefecture warned of high waves, strong winds and storm surges. Strong winds and rain have hit the southern Sakishima island chain – administered under Okinawa – since Friday.

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Meta appeals landmark jury verdict that found it to blame for social media addiction for young users

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Meta appeals landmark jury verdict that found it to blame for social media addiction for young users

Meta, the parent company of Instagram and Facebook, has appealed the verdict of a landmark social media addiction lawsuit in Los Angeles, challenging the jury’s determination that the company designed its platforms to hook young users without concern for their well-being.

Lawyers representing Meta filed a notice of appeal Tuesday in Los Angeles County Superior Court. The lawyers will provide their arguments related to the appeal in subsequent court filings.

The case centered on a 20-year-old woman who said she became addicted to social media as a child and that it worsened her mental health struggles. The jury found that negligence by both Meta and Google-owned YouTube, which was also a defendant in the case, was a substantial factor in causing harm to the young woman, identified in court only by her initials, KGM, and her first name, Kaley.

The jury awarded her $3 million in damages and recommended an additional $3 million in punitive damages. Her lead attorney, Mark Lanier, said in a statement Friday that the legal team is expecting the appellate court to “continue the careful application of the law to this case, affirming the verdict of the trial court.”

A notice of appeal starts what can be a lengthy process. A Meta spokesperson provided a statement Friday that they also gave when the jury returned the verdict in March, saying that teen mental health is “profoundly complex and cannot be linked to a single app.”

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José Castañeda, a spokesperson for Google, said in a statement Friday that YouTube plans to appeal and that “these are standard motions for this case to move forward.”

Meta and Google had each filed post-trial motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict — a routinely filed motion by defense lawyers asking a judge to toss out the jury’s verdict — and for a new trial. The trial judge, Carolyn B. Kuhl, denied those motions in early June.

Tech companies like Meta and YouTube are shielded from legal responsibility for content posted by third parties, based on Section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act. To get around those protections, the plaintiffs focused on the design features of the platforms like “infinite scroll,” or the endless nature of feeds on the platforms, and autoplay functions.

Questions about encroaching into content-related territory were the subject of many objections from the defendants throughout the five-week trial.

The verdict in this case came during a time of legal woes for Meta. A jury in New Mexico returned a verdict finding that Meta’s platforms harm children’s mental health and safety just one day before the California jury reached its decision. The New Mexico jury, siding with state prosecutors who brought the case, landed on a penalty of $375 million. Meta has said the company disagrees with the verdict and will also appeal in that case.

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“We will continue to defend ourselves vigorously, and we remain confident in our record of protecting teens online,” a Meta spokesperson said in a statement at the time of the verdicts and again on Friday.

Kaley’s case was a first-of-its-kind lawsuit, and the verdict could influence the outcome of thousands of similar lawsuits accusing social media companies of deliberately causing harm. TikTok and Snapchat parent company Snap Inc. were also initially named as defendants in the case, but each settled for undisclosed sums before the trial began.

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Israel signals readiness for another Iran strike as Trump declares ceasefire over

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Israel signals readiness for another Iran strike as Trump declares ceasefire over

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Israel’s leaders are publicly signaling that their country is prepared to strike Iran for a third time, while a U.S. official tells Fox News Digital that Washington remains closely coordinated with Jerusalem. 

“The IDF is on high alert and prepared to resume the campaign, regain air superiority, and carry out an independent Israeli strike against Iran to eliminate threats — even for a third time,” Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Minister Israel Katz said Thursday at a graduation ceremony for the Israeli Air Force’s newest pilots.

“If we have to return, we will return with even greater force,” Katz added.

ISRAEL DEFENSE CHIEF WARNS STRIKES ON IRAN COULD RESUME SOON, SIGNALS CAMPAIGN NOT OVER

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U.S. Central Command shared this footage in a July 8, 2026, press release about strikes against Iran.  (CENTCOM)

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also warned Thursday that Israel’s campaign against Iran was not finished and said Tehran would not be permitted to obtain a nuclear weapon, regardless of any agreement reached with Washington.

“The war has not yet ended,” Netanyahu said at the air force ceremony. “Alongside the old challenges, new challenges are emerging. Axes are falling, and axes are rising. We are paying attention to this. We are prepared for every scenario.”

Two Israeli sources told CNN Friday that the Trump administration does not currently want Israel to participate in the latest U.S. strikes against Iran. 

“Netanyahu would really want to join the U.S. strikes, but the U.S. doesn’t want Israel involved at the moment,” one of the sources told CNN.

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A U.S. official denied the report, telling Fox News Digital, “This is fake news. The United States has a strong relationship with Israel, which contributed to the resounding success of Operation Midnight Hammer and Operation Epic Fury. We remain in close coordination with our Israeli partners.”

Israel first launched a major campaign against Iran in June 2025, with the United States later joining the fighting by striking the Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan nuclear facilities. On Feb. 28, the two allies launched a new, coordinated military campaign against Iran.

While Israeli leaders are openly presenting the military as ready for another campaign, some Israeli officials and analysts say there is little appetite for renewed fighting unless it produces a clear strategic result.

The public warnings may overstate Israel’s desire to reenter the fighting, said Israeli analyst and journalist for Israeli newspaper Yedioth Aharonoth, Nadav Eyal. 

“On the record, Israel is signaling that it is prepared and even eager to strike Iran. But off the record, sources are saying that it is anything but that,” Eyal told Fox News Digital. “The reason is clear: Any Israeli strike in Iran will lead to Iranian ballistic missile attacks against Israel.”

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US CLAWS BACK KEY CONCESSION TO IRAN AFTER FRESH ATTACKS ON COMMERCIAL SHIPS IN STRAIT OF HORMUZ

Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel’s prime minister, from left, US President Donald Trump and US Vice President JD Vance during a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, DC, US, on Tuesday, Feb. 4, 2025. Trump insisted Egypt and Jordan will take in Palestinians from the Gaza Strip, dismissing the countries’ refusal to accept people from the war-shattered territory. Photographer: Shawn Thew/EPA/Bloomberg via Getty Images (Getty Images)

Eyal said the domestic political consequences could make Netanyahu reluctant to begin another round of fighting, particularly as Israel approaches another election.

“If these strikes are meant to provide meaningful, strategic change, it is something the prime minister can sell to the public,” Eyal said. “But if the intention is only to use Israel as leverage, why should Israelis again experience a couple of weeks or more of sitting in safe rooms and losing their summer vacations, children’s day camps and summer camps? That could play out badly for the prime minister politically.”

“The truth is that Israel was not really enthusiastic about another strike,” he added. “That doesn’t mean it is not going to happen. If President Trump demands that Netanyahu join, it is very hard to see the Israelis saying no. But right now, I don’t see any passion for it.”

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The diplomatic outreach continued even as Trump declared that the ceasefire with Iran was over.

“The Islamic Republic of Iran has asked us to continue ‘talks.’ We have agreed to do so, but the United States has stated to them, in no uncertain terms, that the Cease Fire is OVER!” Trump wrote in a post on Truth Social.

A source with knowledge of the situation told Fox News that Qatari negotiators have traveled to Iran, in coordination with the United States, to meet with Iranian officials in an effort to de-escalate the situation and create the conditions for negotiations to resume.

On Thursday, Netanyahu and Trump spoke by phone, according to the Israeli prime minister’s office, which said the two agreed to continue coordinating across several regional fronts. Trump briefed Netanyahu on American operations in the Gulf, the statement said.

NETANYAHU REJECTS REPORTS OF A RIFT WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP, SAYS THE TWO REMAIN ALIGNED ON IRAN

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A satellite image shows damage at the control tower in the port of Chabahar, Iran, July 9, 2026, after the U.S. military said July 8, 2026, it launched fresh strikes on Iran to keep the Strait of Hormuz open to shipping. ( 2026 PLANET LABS PBC/Handout via Reuters)

The military warnings came as the Wall Street Journal reported Friday that Israel had provided the United States with intelligence about what is described as a fresh Iranian plot to assassinate Trump.

The developments follow renewed attacks on commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, where U.S. naval officials said the maritime threat remained “severe.” U.S. Naval Forces Central Command reminded commercial vessels Friday that an expanded southern route through the strait remained open and that no controlling authority could require ships to pay a fee for passage.

A U.S. official told Fox News on background that Iran’s attacks against commercial vessels were “acts of terrorism” and constituted failed performance under the memorandum of understanding between Washington and Tehran.

“The United States is still committed to finding a resolution, and technical talks continue,” the official said. “Iran can never possess a nuclear weapon.”

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Brig. Gen. Yossi Kuperwasser, a former senior Israeli military intelligence officer who now heads the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, said Israel had never regarded the memorandum as an adequate guarantee.

“From Israel’s perspective, the MOU was never a good deal,” Kuperwasser told Fox News Digital, speaking of the memorandum of understanding between the U.S. and Iran. 

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CENTCOM shared footage of strikes against airplanes amid Iran war (U.S. Central Command on X)

“Israel should be on high alert, ready to face an Iranian attack and prepared to strike back if necessary,” he added.

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For now, Israel’s leaders appear to be leaving Iran — and Washington — with little doubt that they are prepared to act. Whether the United States allows Israel to join the renewed campaign, however, could determine whether the latest confrontation remains limited or develops into another full-scale regional war.

Fox News Digital reached out to the White House for comment. 

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