LVIV, Ukraine — Russia launched a barrage of airstrikes on Sunday in opposition to a navy base in western Ukraine the place American troops had educated Ukrainian forces simply weeks earlier, bringing the struggle 11 miles from the border with Poland, the place NATO forces are stationed on excessive alert.

Western officers stated the assault at NATO’s doorstep was not merely a geographic enlargement of the Russian invasion however a shift of ways in a struggle many already frightened would possibly metastasize into a bigger European battle.

“He’s increasing the variety of targets,” the U.S. nationwide safety adviser, Jake Sullivan, stated of Russia’s president, Vladimir V. Putin, including that “he’s attempting to trigger harm in each a part of the nation.”

In latest days, Russian forces have been broadening their air struggle proper as much as the border with Poland, stated John Kirby, a Pentagon spokesman. Earlier than Sunday’s assault, Russian missiles additionally struck airfields in Lutsk and Ivano-Frankovsk, cities in western Ukraine close to the Polish border. The airport in Ivano-Frankovsk was struck once more on Sunday, in response to town’s mayor.

Pentagon and NATO officers reiterated on Sunday that they didn’t intend to instantly confront Russian forces in Ukraine. However they’re sending navy provides, and Russia has warned that it regards these convoys as professional targets.

The navy base that was hit, which known as the Worldwide Peacekeeping and Safety Heart, has been a hub for Western navy troops to coach Ukrainian forces since 2015. Troops from america, Britain, Canada, Poland, Sweden and Denmark have educated 35,000 Ukrainians there beneath a mission referred to as “Operation Unifier.”

However Western nations withdrew their forces forward of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Since then, the bottom has been utilized by Ukraine to coach and arrange the hundreds of foreigners who’ve arrived within the nation and volunteered to assist defend it.

The Russian missiles struck the bottom through the predawn hours Sunday.

“They hit us once we had been sleeping,” stated one in every of volunteer fighters, Jesper Söder, a Swede who had arrived on the base three days earlier. “We woke as much as them bombing a constructing.”

Not less than 35 folks had been killed and 134 had been wounded within the strikes, together with each navy personnel and civilians, in response to Ukrainian officers. Russia’s Protection Ministry stated it killed 180 overseas fighters within the strikes. Neither determine may very well be independently confirmed.

Two senior Pentagon officers stated the U.S. navy believes the websites in western Ukraine had been struck by cruise missiles fired from Russian warplanes. It was unclear the place the Russian bombers had been after they fired the missiles. Ukrainian officers stated the planes had flown from Saratov, in southwestern Russia.

Till Sunday, the invasion of Ukraine, now in its 18th day, was most notable for Moscow’s indiscriminate assaults on civilian areas, and even because it bombarded the navy base within the west, Russia continued to punish unusual Ukrainians.

Within the southern Ukrainian port metropolis of Mykolaiv, a Russian airstrike on a residential neighborhood killed 9 folks.

And in jap Ukraine, Russian forces fired on a prepare carrying Ukrainian civilians, together with greater than 100 kids, who had been making an attempt to flee the violence. The prepare’s conductor was killed and Ukraine’s nationwide railroad scrambled to ship a brand new prepare to evacuate the surviving crew and passengers.

Within the suburbs of Kyiv, Brent Renaud, an award-winning American filmmaker and journalist working to doc the toll the struggle has taken on refugees was killed. Mr. Renaud, 50, had contributed to The New York Occasions in earlier years, most just lately in 2015.

The United Nations stated Sunday at the very least 596 civilians had died within the struggle, together with 43 kids, whereas one other 1,067 civilians had been injured. The U.N. stated these figures most probably undercounted the precise loss of life toll. Ukrainian officers stated that 85 kids had been killed and greater than 100 injured.

Within the besieged coastal metropolis of Mariupol, Ukrainian officers stated Sunday, at the very least 2,187 folks have died for the reason that begin of the struggle. The determine couldn’t be independently verified, however the scenario has clearly turn into dire since Russian forces encircled town practically two weeks in the past and started attempting to pummel it into submission. Eyewitnesses who’ve managed to speak to the skin world describe a hellish panorama, with lifeless our bodies on the streets, little meals or clear water and no medication.

President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine has repeatedly requested that NATO members set up a no-fly zone over his nation to discourage Russian airstrikes, however even after Sunday’s assault on the navy base, Western officers rejected his pleas.

Mr. Kirby, the Pentagon spokesman, stated that the U.S. navy remained involved about NATO’s jap flank on the border between Poland and Ukraine and that it was in search of methods to bolster the safety of that airspace. However he stated america remained against the thought of a no-fly zone.

A no-fly zone, he stated on ABC’s “This Week” on Sunday, “is fight — it’s important to be prepared to shoot and to be shot at.”

“President Biden has made it clear that U.S. troops usually are not going to be preventing in Ukraine,” Mr. Kirby stated, “and there’s a very good motive for that, as a result of america getting concerned in fight in Ukraine proper now or over the skies of Ukraine proper now results in struggle with Russia.”

Nonetheless, within the coming weeks, NATO plans to assemble 30,000 troops from 25 international locations in Norway for biannual navy workouts, together with live-fire drills. The workouts had been introduced greater than eight months in the past, however the coaching has taken on larger significance because the preventing in Ukraine approaches the Polish border and raises alarm throughout the alliance.

About 10,000 American troops — half of which had been deployed for the reason that invasion started — are actually stationed in Poland. Late final week, america moved two surface-to-air missile batteries there from Germany. And on Saturday, President Biden permitted sending an extra $200 million in arms and tools to Ukraine.

U.S. officers are additionally in search of methods to resupply and strengthen Ukraine’s air-defense capabilities, that are composed largely of Soviet- or Russian-made programs.

Among the many choices beneath dialogue are transfers of comparable tools from NATO members in Japanese Europe, although there’s concern these nations would possibly then be left weak themselves, U.S. officers stated. Protection Secretary Lloyd Austin is scheduled to satisfy with NATO protection ministers in Brussels this week after which journey to Slovakia, a NATO member situated south of Poland on Ukraine’s western border.

American navy officers say they believed that, after weeks of pummeling different elements of the nation, Russia has begun to focus on western Ukraine in a bid to close it down as a base of operations for the Ukrainian air drive and a supply of weapons and tools. Arms and help have flowed into western Ukraine from Poland and Romania.

However the American officers, who spoke on the situation of anonymity, say in addition they consider that the Russians need to terrorize the refugees who’ve fled the violence in different elements of the nation for what had been relative tranquillity within the west.

As wounded foreigners and Ukrainians flooded hospitals after the assault on the navy base, Ukrainian officers stated their air protection programs had intercepted 22 of 30 Russian missiles. “The air protection system labored,” Maksym Kozytskyi, the pinnacle of the Lviv regional navy administration, stated at a information convention. However it was not sufficient, he stated, repeating requires a no-fly zone.

Even within the absence of a no-fly zone, American officers stated, Russian jets have been attempting to keep away from Ukrainian air house after they can, hanging Ukrainian targets from Russian-controlled skies to evade the surprisingly efficient Ukrainian surface-to-air missiles. Ukrainian forces have shot down at the very least 15 fixed-wing plane and at the very least 20 helicopters, in response to a U.S. official.

When Russian bombers do enter Ukrainian air house, they’re largely flying fast in-and-out missions, officers stated. In ultimate navy technique, a rustic would destroy one other nation’s air-defense programs after which be capable to fly freely by the air house. Russia has been unable to do this in Ukraine.

As of Friday, Ukraine nonetheless had 80 % of its air drive intact — 56 warplanes — working out of three bases within the nation’s west. Pentagon officers believed that latest strikes there aimed to render these airfields inoperative, however it was unclear how efficient they’d been.

A senior Pentagon official stated that as of Friday, Russians nonetheless had not focused arms provide shipments coming into western Ukraine. There was hypothesis that Russia might have been distracted by preventing in different elements of the nation, however the stepped-up assaults within the west recommend that this may increasingly not be the case.

There have been additionally indicators that Russia, staggered by sanctions, could also be having bother sustaining its struggle, and that’s has requested China for navy tools and assist, in response to U.S. officers.

“We’re speaking instantly, privately to Beijing that there’ll completely be penalties for large-scale sanctions evasion efforts or assist to Russia to backfill them,” Mr. Sullivan, the nationwide safety adviser, stated on CNN on Sunday.

Ukrainian and Russian official stated peace talks would possibly resume Monday.

“Russia is beginning to discuss constructively,” stated Mykhailo Podolyak, a Ukrainian presidential adviser and a member of Kyiv’s delegation. “I feel we’ll attain some concrete outcomes, actually, in just a few days.”

The Kremlin stated it could not rule out the potential for a gathering between President Putin and President Zelensky. “We would wish to know what the results of such a gathering could be and what could be mentioned in it,” Dmitri S. Peskov, the Kremlin’s spokesman, advised the Interfax information company on Sunday.

Reporting was contributed by Andriana Zmysla in Lviv, Yousur Al-Hlou in Kyiv, and Matina Stevis-Gridneffand Steven Erlanger in Brussels.