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On India’s shore, rising salinity means daily water struggle

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On India’s shore, rising salinity means daily water struggle

By UZMI ATHAR, Press Belief of India

April 4, 2023 GMT

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KOCHI, India (AP) — Anthony Kuttappassera’s household has lived in the identical home on the fringe of the Arabian Sea for greater than a century. He grew up consuming water from the pond and the effectively outdoors his house.

However 60 years in the past, that water grew to become too salty to drink. Then it grew too salty for bathing or washing garments. Now, the pond is inexperienced, buggy and almost dry — similar to the remainder of the wells and ponds within the Chellanam space of Kochi, a metropolis of about 600,000 individuals on India’s southwestern coast.

Rising seas from local weather change are bringing saltwater into the contemporary water of locations like Chellanam, rendering unusable what had been an important a part of on a regular basis life. And frequent breaks within the pipelines that carry contemporary water from inland exacerbates the distress for residents on this village of about 8 sq. kilometers (3 sq. miles), requiring water to be trucked in.

Every truckload of water must be poured into barrels and buckets and carried by hand to the village’s 600 households.

“We don’t have clear water for even cleansing ourselves. We’re surrounded by water however we don’t have any consumable water,” the 73-year-old Kuttappassera mentioned. “When this pond was in usable situation there was no such concern and we had sufficient water for the whole lot. There was no want for every other supply. However now we’re utilizing packed water for the whole lot.”

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EDITOR’S NOTE: This text is a part of a sequence produced below the India Local weather Journalism Program, a collaboration between The Related Press, the Stanley Middle for Peace and Safety and the Press Belief of India.

Though saltwater invasion of essential groundwater provides is a local weather change drawback world wide, richer nations can adapt extra simply. It hits tougher in nations like India, anticipated to surpass China because the world’s most populous nation this 12 months. India continues to be considered a growing nation even because it has grown into one of many world’s largest economies.

India is the world’s third-highest emitter of carbon dioxide, which contributes to international warming. The nation is more and more prioritizing a transition to scrub power, with formidable targets for renewables, a inexperienced hydrogen initiative to make clear gasoline and a program encouraging particular person residents to stay extra sustainably.

However that shift will take time. In the meantime, rising seas, altering ocean patterns, excessive storms, overuse of wells and over-development all contribute to the rising salinity drawback within the Kochi area, scientists mentioned. And that problem in coastal areas is available in a nation the place entry to freshwater was already a problem. Lower than half of India’s inhabitants has entry to scrub consuming water, in line with UNICEF.

“Individuals are struggling as a result of the aquifers are getting salinized,” mentioned Bijoy Nandan, dean of marine sciences at Cochin College of Science and Know-how. Salinity has elevated by 30% to 40% because the first research of water within the space in 1971, he mentioned.

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S. Sreekesh, a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru College, studied the worsening menace within the Kochi space taking a look at satellite tv for pc, tide gauge and different knowledge from the Seventies by way of 2020. He discovered seas rising by about 1.8 millimeters (0.07 inch) a 12 months.

Getting water in Chellanam is all the time tough, however the pipeline breaks make it even tougher. The each day battle could possibly be seen throughout a latest outage that lasted a couple of month. Bringing the water in by truck — or rowed in by way of small boats — was solely a begin in a sport of going from greater pots of water to smaller.

Uzmi Athar, Press Belief of India reporter, narrates a video on saltwater intrusion into freshwater in Kochi, India.

4 big vehicles carrying 36,000 liters of water made it so far as a church car parking zone, however couldn’t go any farther as a consequence of slim winding streets. Their water was transferred into smaller tankers: 6,000 liters, 4,000 liters and even a toy-like 1,000-liter truck.

These smaller vehicles then made their method towards deliveries alongside one of many wider roads, stopping each few meters (yards) the place massive blue barrels had been arrange. The truck driver would hop out, join a tube and switch a spigot to slowly fill barrel after barrel. Residents then dipped silvery aluminum 5- and 6-liter pots into the barrels.

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Maryamma Pillai, 82, is amongst residents who wait on a truck almost day by day to get clear water. With no faucet at house, she has to both purchase water — about 40 rupees, or nearly $0.50, for five liters — or look forward to the federal government tanker truck to get it at no cost.

A coronary heart situation makes it significantly tough for Pillai to hold her seven pots and buckets the 100 meters again to her house. She has to take breaks as her chest grows heavy.

“I don’t have water for something at house, not even washing my face, so I attempt to collect water in as many sources – buckets, pots and tumblers — to take again house,” she mentioned, thumping her chest to ease the tightness that always comes when she carries heavy objects.

Pillai mentioned water shortage is getting worse ever 12 months as summers turn into extra excessive.

“This was not the case earlier after we used to know methods to plan for which season with extra water availability however now the whole lot is unknown, unpredictable and unreliable,” she mentioned.

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One other resident, Karni Kumar, lives far sufficient away from the principle street that it’s extra handy to make use of a wood boat to cross a small stretch of backwater to get contemporary water from the neighboring district of Alleppey. However so many different Chellanam households do the identical factor that it could greater than double the demand on a single faucet in Alleppey — resulting in lengthy waits and occasional conflicts with Alleppey residents.

The Rev. John Kalathil, vicar of St. George Church in South Chellanam, mentioned the realm’s residents should pay 100 to 200 rupees (about $1.21 to $2.42 per day) for the water they should drink, cook dinner and wash. That may be round 15% of their each day earnings.

Virtually all of the wage-earners in his parish are fishermen, with a deep connection and love for the ocean that could be a supply of life for them.

“They name it Kadalamma, which implies they have a look at sea as their mom,” he mentioned. “However the state of affairs could be very horrible for them due to local weather change, climate, change in sea and water sources.”

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Jon Hamm’s Your Friends & Neighbors Renewed at Apple TV+ Ahead of Series Premiere — Get Release Date

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Jon Hamm’s Your Friends & Neighbors Renewed at Apple TV+ Ahead of Series Premiere — Get Release Date


Jon Hamm ‘Your Friends and Neighbors’ Apple Series Cast, Release Date



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Israel keeping its ‘eyes open’ for Iranian attacks during Trump transition period, ambassador says

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Israel keeping its ‘eyes open’ for Iranian attacks during Trump transition period, ambassador says

Israel’s U.N. Ambassador Danny Danon tells Fox News Digital that his country is keeping its “eyes open” for any potential aggression from Iran during the Trump transition period, adding it would be a “mistake” for the Islamic Republic to carry out an attack. 

The comments come after Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi vowed earlier this week that Iran would retaliate against Israel for the strategic airstrikes it carried out against Tehran on Oct. 26. Araghchi was quoted in Iranian media saying “we have not given up our right to react, and we will react in our time and in the way we see fit.” 

“I would advise him not to challenge us. We have already shown our capabilities. We have proved that they are vulnerable. We can actually target any location in Iran. They know that,” Danon told Fox News Digital. 

“So I would advise them not to make that mistake. If they think that now, because of the transition period, they can take advantage of it, they are wrong,” he added. “We are keeping our eyes open and we are ready for all scenarios.” 

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Israel’s U.N. Ambassador Danny Danon tells Fox News Digital that his country is “ready for all scenarios” coming from Iran during the Trump transition period. (Fox News)

Danon says he believes one of the most important challenges for the incoming Trump administration will be the way the U.S. deals with Iran. 

“Regarding the new administration, I think the most important challenge will be the way you challenge Iran, the aggression, the threat of the Iranian regime. I believe that the U.S. will have to go back to a leading position on this issue,” he told Fox News Digital. 

“We are fighting the same enemies, the enemies of the United States of America. When you look at the Iranians, the Houthis, Hezbollah, Hamas, all those bad actors that are coming against Israel… that is the enemy of the United States. So I think every American should support us and understand what we are doing now,” Danon also said. 

IRAN HIDING MISSILE, DRONE PROGRAMS UNDER GUISE OF COMMERCIAL FRONT TO EVADE SANCTIONS 

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House Speaker Mike Johnson and Rep. Elise Stefanik

Rep. Elise Stefanik, R-N.Y., is acknowledged by President-elect Donald Trump alongside Speaker of the House Mike Johnson during a meeting with House Republicans at the Hyatt Regency hotel in Washington, D.C., on Nov. 13, 2024. Stefanik has been chosen by President-elect Donald Trump as the next U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. (Allison Robbert/Pool via REUTERS)

Danon spoke as the U.S. vetoed a draft resolution against Israel at the U.N. Security Council on Wednesday. 

The resolution, which was overseen by Algeria, sought an “immediate, unconditional and permanent cease-fire” to be imposed on Israel. The resolution did not guarantee the release of the hostages still being held by Hamas within Gaza. 

Israeli military planes

Israeli Air Force planes departing for the strikes in Iran on Oct. 26. (IDF Spokesman’s Unit)

 

“It was a shameful resolution because… it didn’t have the linkage between the cease-fire and the call [for] the release of the hostages. And I want to thank the United States for taking a strong position and vetoing this resolution,” Danon said. “I think it sent a very clear message that the U.S. stands with its strongest ally with Israel. And, you know, it was shameful, too, to hear the voices of so many ambassadors speaking about a cease-fire but abandoning the 101 hostages. We will not forget them. We will never abandon them. We will continue to fight until we bring all of them back home.” 

Fox News’ Benjamin Weinthal contributed to this report. 

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Fact-check: What do we know about Russia’s nuclear arsenal?

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Fact-check: What do we know about Russia’s nuclear arsenal?

Moscow has lowered the bar for using nuclear weapons and fired a missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead into Ukraine, heightening tensions with the West.

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Russia’s nuclear arsenal is under fresh scrutiny after an intermediate-range ballistic missile capable of carrying an atomic warhead was fired into Ukrainian territory.

President Vladimir Putin says the unprecedented attack using the so-called “Oreshnik” missile is a direct response to Ukraine’s use of US and UK-made missiles to strike targets deep in Russian territory.

He has also warned that the military facilities of Western countries allowing Ukraine to use their weapons to strike Russia could become targets.

The escalation comes days after the Russian President approved small but significant changes to his country’s nuclear doctrine, which would allow a nuclear response to a conventional, non-nuclear attack on Russian territory.

While Western officials, including US defence secretary Lloyd Austin, have dismissed the notion that Moscow’s use of nuclear weapons is imminent, experts warn that recent developments could increase the possibility of nuclear weapons use.

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Here’s what we know about Russia’s inventory of atomic weapons.

How big is Russia’s nuclear arsenal?

Russia holds more nuclear warheads than any other nation at an estimated 5,580, which amounts to 47% of global stockpiles, according to data from the Federation of American Scientists (FAS).

But only an estimated 1,710 of those weapons are deployed, a fraction more than the 1,670 deployed by the US. 

Both nations have the necessary nuclear might to destroy each other several times over, and considerably more atomic warheads than the world’s seven other nuclear nations: China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan and the United Kingdom.

Of Moscow’s deployed weapons, an estimated 870 are on land-based ballistic missiles, 640 on submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and potentially 200 at heavy bomber bases.

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According to FAS, there are no signs Russia is significantly scaling up its nuclear arsenal, but the federation does warn of a potential surge in the future as the country replaces single-warhead missiles with those capable of carrying multiple warheads.

Russia is also steadily modernising its nuclear arsenal.

What could trigger a Russian nuclear response?

Moscow’s previous 2020 doctrine stated that its nuclear weapons could be used in response to an attack using nuclear or other weapons of mass destruction “when the very existence of the state is put under threat.”

Now, the conditions under which a nuclear response could be launched have changed in three crucial ways:

  1. Russia will consider using nuclear weapons in the case of a strike on its territory using conventional weapons, such as cruise missiles, drones and tactical aircraft.
  2. It could launch a nuclear attack in response to an aggression by a non-nuclear state acting “with the participation or support of a nuclear state”, as is the case for Ukraine.
  3. Moscow will also apply the same conditions to an attack on Belarus’ territory, in agreement with President Lukashenko.

Is there a rising nuclear threat?

The size of the world’s nuclear stockpiles has rapidly decreased amid the post-Cold War détente. The Soviet Union had some 40,000 warheads, and the US around 30,000, when stockpiles peaked during the 1960s and 70s.

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But FAS warns that while the overall number is still in decline, operational warheads are on the rise once again. More countries are also upgrading their missiles to deploy multiple warheads.

“In nearly all of the nuclear-armed states there are either plans or a significant push to increase nuclear forces,” Hans M. Kristensen, Director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), said in June this year.

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Is the West reacting?

When Putin approved the updated nuclear protocol last week, many Western leaders dismissed it as sabre rattling.

German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock said Germany and its partners would “not be intimidated” and accused Putin of “playing with our fear.”

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But since Russia used a hypersonic ballistic missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead in an attack on Dnipro, European leaders have raised the alarm.

“The last few dozen hours have shown that the threat is serious and real when it comes to global conflict,” Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said on Friday.

According to Dutch media reports, NATO’s secretary-general Mark Rutte is in Florida to urgently meet President-elect Donald Trump, potentially to discuss the recent escalation.

NATO and Ukraine will hold an extraordinary meeting in Brussels next Tuesday to discuss the situation and the possible allied reaction, according to Euronews sources.

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