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Memorial Day: Wild mustangs help veterans heal through Wyoming ranch program

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Memorial Day: Wild mustangs help veterans heal through Wyoming ranch program


While Memorial Day is a time for remembrance, it can also be a difficult period for many veterans, particularly those struggling with mental health.

A program in Wyoming is helping to address those challenges by pairing veterans with wild mustangs in a unique approach to healing.

VETERANS DAY: DENNIS QUAID, TRACE ADKINS AMONG HOLLYWOOD STARS HONORING OUR MILITARY

Operation Remount takes place in Wyoming.  (Kennedy Hayes/FOX News)

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According to data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs from 2001 to 2022, veterans are more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD, depression and anxiety than civilians. Each year, approximately 6,000 veterans die by suicide.

At some point in their lives, 7 out of every 100 veterans (or 7%) will experience PTSD, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

In the small town of Jay Em, Wyoming, a nonprofit called Operation Remount Corporation is offering a form of equine therapy that serves not only veterans and first responders, but also the mustangs—many of which come from traumatic backgrounds.

Karen Alexander, co-founder of Operation Remount, says some mustangs also experience trauma and anxiety, making the program a form of reciprocal healing. 

“These are mustangs that went through three adoptions and were not accepted or not adopted,” Alexander said. “When the mustangs first come, they are very afraid of humans. It’s really neat to see when that animal finally says, I can trust you.”

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TRUMP SUPRISES 104-YEAR-OLD WWII VETERAN WITH BIRTHDAY MESSAGE AFTER VIRAL TIKTOK INVITE 

Veteran Sean Walker is one of this year’s participants at Operation Remount. He says joining the program and meeting his horse, nicknamed Spirit, was needed after serving in the military.

Walker, who completed two tours in Iraq and one in Bosnia with the Kansas National Guard, says just a few weeks with his horse, Spirit, has already made a significant impact.

According to data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs from 2001 to 2022, veterans are more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD, depression and anxiety than civilians.  (Kennedy Hayes/ Fox News)

“We call him Enduring Spirit Wind,” Walker said. “He’s taught me probably more than I could have possibly taught him.”

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After retiring from the military, Walker said reintegrating into civilian life was difficult. Like many other veterans, he experienced mental health challenges.

The program recently added a new red cabin to house participants during the six-week course. It was built in honor of Marine Corps Sgt. B.J. Shepperson, who served two deployments and struggled with the transition back to civilian life in Wyoming.

Shepperson said his brother B.J. loved horses and would have really appreciated what this program is doing to help other veterans. 

PTSD is slightly more common among Veterans than civilians. At some point in their life, 7 out of every 100 Veterans (or 7%) will have PTSD.  (Kennedy Hayes/ FOX News)

“After two deployments and coming back to Wyoming, he had a hard time re-adjusting,” said his brother, Baxter Shepperson.

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VETERAN ON MISSION TO COMBAT SUICIDE IN MILITARY COMMUNITY

Program leaders say they’re working to construct more cabins, allowing additional veterans and first responders to stay overnight during the program as they experience the therapeutic bond with a horse.

“It’s like when you found a connection that you’ve lost,” Walker said. “It allows you to have that reconnection and Spirit has been that.”

Operation Remount allows the veterans and first responders to keep the wild horse after completing the six-week course. The nonprofit holds sessions in both spring and fall.

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The team at Operation Remount is now working toward building an indoor facility so they can offer the program throughout the year, even during Wyoming’s harsh winter months.



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Wyoming

A Record Wildfire Season Inspires Wyoming to Prepare for an Increasingly Fiery Future – Inside Climate News

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A Record Wildfire Season Inspires Wyoming to Prepare for an Increasingly Fiery Future – Inside Climate News


In six generations, Jake Christian’s family had never seen a fire like the one that blazed toward his ranch near Buffalo, Wyoming, late in the summer of 2024. Its flames towered a dozen feet in the air, consuming grassland at a terrifying speed and jumping a four-lane highway on its race northward.

As the fire raged, Christian sped his truck to his house on the plains where his great-great-grandfather began homesteading in 1884. Earlier that day, he had been working to contain the blaze he was now scrambling to catch, and he hoped that his wife, Sara, had managed to evacuate herself, their children and some of their animals.

When he finally crested a hill overlooking his ranch, all Christian could remember seeing was scorched earth and fire.

The fire threatening the Christian ranch would become known as the House Draw Fire, which grew into the largest blaze ever within Wyoming’s borders. In terms of acreage burned, 2024 was the second-largest wildfire season in Wyoming’s history, trailing only 1988, the year of the famous Yellowstone fires. By the end of 2024, Wyoming had amassed the fifth-most acres burned of any state, according to state data and estimates. Of the 32 fires that grew larger than 1,000 acres, almost half—including the three largest—burned in Wyoming’s northeast grasslands, predominantly on state and private land.

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Miraculously, the blazes didn’t kill anybody, but hundreds of Wyomingites evacuated their homes.

Last year’s fire season was less intense, but still above average in terms of acres burned. As legislators prepare to convene in Cheyenne next month for a legislative session, the pall of the 2024 wildfire season has spurred many constituencies across the state to ask for more funding to combat or prevent enormous blazes. 

And there are flickers of enthusiasm in the state legislature for changing how Wyoming fights fires, even as the ultra-conservative, climate-change-denying Freedom Caucus wants to cut state spending. Gov. Mark Gordon and other lawmakers are taking calls from wildland firefighters for more resources seriously, but so far, state leaders’ proposed changes have not fully met counties’ proposals.

The Badger Fire burns through Sheridan County in 2024. Credit: Jacob McCarthy
The Badger Fire burns through Sheridan County in 2024. Credit: Jacob McCarthy
The Pleasant Valley Fire burned nearly 29,000 acres in southeastern Wyoming and destroyed the childhood home of Rep. Harriet Hageman. Credit: Nathan Butler/Wyoming State Forestry DivisionThe Pleasant Valley Fire burned nearly 29,000 acres in southeastern Wyoming and destroyed the childhood home of Rep. Harriet Hageman. Credit: Nathan Butler/Wyoming State Forestry Division
The Pleasant Valley Fire burned nearly 29,000 acres in southeastern Wyoming and destroyed the childhood home of Rep. Harriet Hageman. Credit: Nathan Butler/Wyoming State Forestry Division

Wyoming’s recent fires are part of a West-wide trend of larger and more destructive wildfires that fire scientists warn is almost certain to continue increasing as humanity continues burning fossil fuels and warming the planet.

Wyoming has seen “this massive increase in the number of fires,” said Bryan Shuman, a paleoclimateology professor at the University of Wyoming, who studies the history of fire in the Rockies. “A big part of it is because the fire season is longer.”

Already, 2024’s wildfire season appears destined to loom over Wyoming for generations, even as some of the grasslands that burned that year show few signs today of being scorched. 

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Surrounded by Flames

Christian likely saw the lightning bolt that sparked the House Draw fire. Looking south from his property that morning, he saw lightning strikes peppering the black horizon. Soon, his pager trilled, calling him to a fire.

“The minute the pager went off, I knew exactly where I was headed,” he said. Christian has volunteered for Johnson County Fire Control as a firefighter for 12 years, as many ranchers do across the rural West, and he’s responded to such calls since he was a kid.

On the fire, his crew heard over the radios that the inferno had hopscotched the interstate and was headed north (flaming grasshoppers may have aided its charge).

The House Draw fire burned 9,000 acres of the Christians’ property. Credit: Courtesy of Sara ChristianThe House Draw fire burned 9,000 acres of the Christians’ property. Credit: Courtesy of Sara Christian
The House Draw fire burned 9,000 acres of the Christians’ property. Credit: Courtesy of Sara Christian

Christian had run out of water to fight the fire by the time he learned the fire was headed toward his property. The department chief gave Christian water and told him to fight the fire at his home. He was relieved by that act of kindness for only a few minutes.

“Shit. Everything’s on fire,” he thought as he approached his property, which includes his parents’ home.

Christian’s ranch sits at the base of a bowl of grass in the prairies that roll up east of the Big Horn Mountains. A creek curves around the back of his home and barn. His neighbors were there fighting the blaze after being called by his wife, who had evacuated with their three kids and some of their horses. 

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The fire had been devouring the land. Cottonwoods by the creek perished, as did a tree Christian’s grandfather tended as a young man; the propane tank on his father’s property caught fire; embers ignited firewood under a mobile trailer that melted into rivulets of aluminum; 300 bales of hay burned for a week, Christian said, leaving a scar still visible nearly a year later (his grass was insured). Somewhere on the ranch, 100 cattle yearlings were trying to escape with their lives.

The neighbors brought water and struggled to connect the creek and the road into a fire line that circled the Christians’ home, barn and garage, dousing flames that threatened to cross the perimeter. But after several hours, the flames were still threatening to jump the line and the fire front was advancing. Just when it appeared the blaze was poised to consume the house, a plane appeared overhead to shower it in a plume of bright-red fire retardant to hold back the flames long enough for the neighbors to regroup and secure the perimeter. 

Jake Christian stands in the burn scar from 2024’s House Draw fire. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsJake Christian stands in the burn scar from 2024’s House Draw fire. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Jake Christian stands in the burn scar from 2024’s House Draw fire. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

Christian made it home just after the slurry drop that helped save the house, but the grasslands were still on fire. The flames were sneaking over the bridge spanning the creek, its slats slowly igniting one by one. He sprinted to the crossing and began flipping planks into the water before they could ignite. As it got darker, the light from the fires shone so brightly that Christian felt like he had suddenly been dropped into the middle of a city. Some of the most unwieldy 2024 fires in Wyoming ripped at night, which is typically when fire behavior calms.

When the conflagration had finally exhausted all its available fuel, Christian and his neighbors found themselves standing on an island in a sea of black. Without his neighbors’ efforts, Christian’s family almost certainly would have lost its home.

Ironically, the scorched earth is what made Christian feel like he could get a few hours of sleep that night. “Everything that could have burned was burned,” he said. In total, 9,000 acres of the Christians’ land had been scorched, accounting for about five percent of what burned in the 174,547-acre wildfire.

Muddy Past Hints at Smokey Future

Nearly a year after the House Draw Fire, Bryan Shuman at the University of Wyoming was in his office delicately handling a three-foot-long plastic pipe filled with mud from the bottom of an alpine lake. “This is the history of the environment that we’re leaving behind,” Shuman said.

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Over thousands of years, sediment layers in alpine lakes accumulated on top of one another, trapping charcoal from fires, which, when paired with tree ring records, microbial concentrations and trapped midgefly carcasses, creates a climate report from the ancient past. From this record, Shuman has concluded that large fires are burning more frequently in southern Wyoming and northern Colorado today than at any time in the last few thousand years. 

Bryan Shuman and a team of students are researching how the region’s fire interval is linked to climate change. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsBryan Shuman and a team of students are researching how the region’s fire interval is linked to climate change. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Bryan Shuman and a team of students are researching how the region’s fire interval is linked to climate change. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

“If you took a point on the landscape and said, ‘how often will this point get burned?’ on average, that point might, for most of the last 2,000 years, have only gotten burned once every 250 years,” Shuman said. “But now, we’re at the point where that one point might get burned every 60 years.”

Driving from Laramie into the nearby Medicine Bow mountains to check some of his mud core sampling stations in late June, lush vegetation bordered the road, but the burn scars from past fire seasons stood out, particularly those from 2020. Megafires plagued southern Wyoming and northern Colorado that year, including the three largest wildfires on record in Colorado, and another that spanned the border between the two states, leading Shuman to wonder if the huge fires his research predicted were already at his doorstep.

“I used to think these big fires are somewhere off in the future, but it’s already happening here. I thought it would take decades” he said.

In 2021, he co-authored a paper showing how large fires in the southern Rockies were beginning to occur more frequently.

“And that’s only going to get worse,” he said.

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Lake cores offer clues about what the climate looked like thousands of years in the past. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsLake cores offer clues about what the climate looked like thousands of years in the past. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Lake cores offer clues about what the climate looked like thousands of years in the past. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Bryan Shuman’s work has shown that the fire interval in the southern Rockies is decreasing, going from a rate of 250 years to 60. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsBryan Shuman’s work has shown that the fire interval in the southern Rockies is decreasing, going from a rate of 250 years to 60. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Bryan Shuman’s work has shown that the fire interval in the southern Rockies is decreasing, going from a rate of 250 years to 60. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Charcoal from a lake core sampling as seen through a microscope. Charcoal concentrations tell scientists how frequently landscapes burned before recorded human history. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsCharcoal from a lake core sampling as seen through a microscope. Charcoal concentrations tell scientists how frequently landscapes burned before recorded human history. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Charcoal from a lake core sampling as seen through a microscope. Charcoal concentrations tell scientists how frequently landscapes burned before recorded human history. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

Shuman’s research has also taken him to the Northern Rockies, home to some of the country’s most iconic landscapes. 

Scientists used to think the forests around Yellowstone National Park wouldn’t see more frequent wildfires; the cooler temperatures and snowpack that came with their northerly latitude would keep them relatively moister than forests farther south. But in 2016, fires in Yellowstone reburned areas that had been scorched in 1988 and 2000, signaling a possible shortening of the fire-return interval.

“We’re seeing the signs,” said Monica Turner, an ecology professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who has studied fire in Yellowstone for decades. “It can happen. We shouldn’t think it can’t.”

The West’s megadrought has left trees, other vegetation and soils drier. Every uptick in drying exponentially increases the risk of a large fire, Turner said. In 2011, she co-authored a paper that predicted the time that it takes for areas of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem to burn could shrink from between 100 and 300 years to less than 30 under an extremely dry, high-emissions future, and years without large fires could become increasingly rare.

“I used to think these big fires are somewhere off in the future, but it’s already happening here. I thought it would take decades” he said.

— Bryan Shuman, University of Wyoming

Climate change is “adding gasoline to the flames,” she said. 

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Trees are adaptive, but if they experience fire too frequently, they may not have enough time to adjust. Some of Turner’s research has shown that by 2100, if humanity does not curtail its emissions, up to 50 percent of some forest area around Yellowstone could fail to regenerate after being barraged by too many fires too quickly.

Instead of storing carbon, Yellowstone would become a net source of carbon emissions.

“Fires faithfully track climate,” said Cathy Whitlock, a paleoecologist and researcher at Montana State. Whitlock, like Shuman, has used mud cores to study past behavior of fire in the Northern Rockies. She’s learned that the term “fire cycle” isn’t quite accurate, she said, because the climate is dynamic. “When it’s warmer, there are a lot more fires, and when it’s cooler, there are fewer fires.”

For humanity to avoid a future in which enormous, destructive fires occur multiple times in a generation, it must “reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels,” Whitlock said. “We need to flatten the temperature curve.”

The Elk Fire’s burn scar will be visible on the landscape for decades, even as forest managers and firefighters say they struggle to generate enthusiasm and interest from the community members for defensible spaces and home hardening. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsThe Elk Fire’s burn scar will be visible on the landscape for decades, even as forest managers and firefighters say they struggle to generate enthusiasm and interest from the community members for defensible spaces and home hardening. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
The Elk Fire’s burn scar will be visible on the landscape for decades, even as forest managers and firefighters say they struggle to generate enthusiasm and interest from the community members for defensible spaces and home hardening. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsThe Elk Fire’s burn scar will be visible on the landscape for decades, even as forest managers and firefighters say they struggle to generate enthusiasm and interest from the community members for defensible spaces and home hardening. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
The Elk Fire’s burn scar will be visible on the landscape for decades, even as forest managers and firefighters say they struggle to generate enthusiasm and interest from the community members for defensible spaces and home hardening. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

Cheyenne’s Move

Fires were still making forests red in Wyoming when the U.S. elections made the nation’s most conservative state even redder politically. The “Freedom Caucus” of Wyoming Republicans gained control of key positions in the state legislature and further limited Wyoming’s already small-government approach to running the state by cutting property taxes 25 percent.

These taxes help fund Wyoming’s local fire districts. 

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In June, Shad Cooper and J.R. Fox, both county fire wardens, and Kelly Norris, head of Wyoming State Forestry, appeared in front of the Appropriations Committee to discuss the 2024 wildfire season. Four of the committee’s 11 lawmakers, all members of the Freedom Caucus, wore red blazers to highlight projections that Wyoming’s budget would be running a deficit within a few years.

It was the trio’s first opportunity to speak publicly with lawmakers about the fiscal commitments Wyoming needed to make to better manage fire in a warming world. Their testimony was sobering. Wyoming’s Emergency Fire Suppression Account, which helps counties cover the cost of fighting fire, had hovered around $100,000 after its inception in 1986, but has skyrocketed to over $52 million since 2003. The state’s limited human resources were also stretched thin: Despite managing over 32 million acres of land, the Wyoming State Forestry Division is among the lowest-staffed forestry agencies in the West, and the department routinely loses personnel to federal agencies with better pay and benefits, Norris said. Nearly 90 percent of fire departments in Wyoming are staffed with volunteers who are having to respond to more and longer-duration fires. The dangerous working conditions and long hours are increasingly having a negative impact on the firefighters’ families and social lives. 

“This is not sustainable, and it is a major red flag,” said Norris, who has promised her family she would never again commit as much time to fighting fires as she did in 2024.

A third of volunteer firefighters in Wyoming are over 50, and Cooper noted fewer young people have been volunteering in the last five years. “That reduction scares me, and I think it should scare everyone in the state of Wyoming,” he said. Without younger personnel, he said Wyoming would “have more large wildland fires because they escape and we’re not able to keep them small.”

Wyoming has another source of low-cost firefighting in addition to its volunteer departments. The state relies extensively on an inmate crew to fight wildfires for “a couple bucks an hour,” Fox said, and lawmakers expressed enthusiasm for expanding that program. Norris wouldn’t disclose inmates’ salary when asked by Inside Climate News, but said Wyoming more than doubled their pay, and it is currently more than $2 an hour.

Even if that program were to grow, it can’t keep up with the forecasted increase in wildfire in the state.

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Cooper and Fox requested the state appropriate funds to its forestry department to hire 14 full-time employees with competitive pay and benefits for wildfire suppression, and an additional 40 seasonal firefighters, at a total cost of about $5.5 million every other year.

The state’s Emergency Fire Suppression Account should be funded at a minimum of $40 million annually, Cooper and Fox told the committee, with at least $60 million available for a worst-case scenario year. The duo also suggested lawmakers create a $10 million “fire mitigation account” to help pay for reducing hazardous fuels on state and private lands, a more cost–effective way of preventing enormous blazes.

“We should look at some opportunities to be more proactive,” Fox said. “This meeting is an opportunity for change.”

Carli Kierstead, the founder and director of The Nature Conservancy’s Wyoming forest program, attended the June appropriations meetings and was glad to see forward-looking proposals, but anticipated that, with the Freedom Caucus intent on cutting spending, they would be subject to negotiations. 

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Fire bans were in place across public lands in Teton county by early August 2025. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsFire bans were in place across public lands in Teton county by early August 2025. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Fire bans were in place across public lands in Teton county by early August 2025. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Wyoming’s helitack team is capable of offering support during a fire’s early suppression efforts, and the state just purchased another chopper. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsWyoming’s helitack team is capable of offering support during a fire’s early suppression efforts, and the state just purchased another chopper. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Wyoming’s helitack team is capable of offering support during a fire’s early suppression efforts, and the state just purchased another chopper. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

Fire season is getting “extremely expensive, and we can’t just go about with business as usual,” she said. “We have to make additional investments, even if we are a fiscally conservative state, because it’s worth it in the long run.”

Chiefs of other paid and volunteer firefighter departments are looking to Wyoming to figure out how to maintain or increase funding for wildfire mitigation and suppression, regardless of what happens with taxes in the state. 

“We need to do a little more with financing,” said Lisa Evers, chief of the Casper Mountain Fire District. Evers, a Casper native, has run the volunteer department on Casper Mountain for the last six years. “[Legislators] cut the property taxes by 25 percent, which, yay, because that means less I have to pay,” she said. But less money also affects how her department covers fuel and equipment costs, which have “gone up astronomically,” she said.

“We’re no different than insurance,” said Brian Oliver, chief of the Natrona County Fire District, also based in Casper. “You might pay your premiums for 25 years and never use it, but the one time you need it, you gotta have that.”

The departments are neighbors, but Oliver’s 20-person team is paid through local property taxes, while Evers’ team is made up entirely of volunteers. While Oliver is appreciative of the support the state has provided in the past, like funding new aviation resources, Wyoming lawmakers “really decreased our annual budget quite a bit” by cutting property taxes, he said. “That hurts.”

Last summer, members of the joint appropriations committee mostly expressed awe and gratitude for firefighters during several presentations on the rising costs of wildfires. And at a committee meeting on Halloween, lawmakers appeared open to easing their budget-cutting zeal.

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“I would consider myself a fiscal hawk, and yet we see this as a necessity that we begin to go in a different direction,” said Rep. John Bear, the Freedom Caucus’ chair, whose district lies just outside Gillette. “We may not all leave these meetings completely pleased with the outcome, but we will take the state in a direction that we think addresses the risk that we see.”

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In December, the joint appropriations committee published four bills that would allow State Forestry to hire more full-time and part-time firefighters and improve benefits and pay for fire personnel. The bills will be some of the few pieces of legislation that receive attention during next year’s compressed legislative session, where lawmakers devote most of their time to drafting the state’s budget.

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“I don’t know where we’re going to land,” Norris said. “But I’m hopeful.”

In his budget proposal, Gov. Gordon acknowledged that fires in Wyoming were growing larger and more challenging, and praised the volunteers who fight them. Still, he did not create a fuels mitigation account, and proposed adding fewer new personnel to state forestry than the county wardens had requested. His budget would keep the state’s emergency fire suppression account at $30 million.

Cleaning House

Getting Wyomingites to invest in making their properties more flame resistant and accept the inconveniences that accompany reducing the fire risks around them may prove more difficult than convincing the state’s conservative government to fund fire fighting and fire mitigation.

“The hardest thing in our line of work is human free will,” said Oliver at the Natrona County Fire District. “You can show as many PowerPoints as you want, as many pictures as you want. You can talk about the goriest, nastiest stories that you want. But everybody has the mindset that ‘It’ll never happen to me’ … until it does. And then, once it does happen to them … they get very proactive afterwards. And I hate to see it, but it is very true.” 

Evers, Oliver’s counterpart on Casper Mountain, put it a little more bluntly: “A catastrophic fire, it usually lights a little fire under people,” she said last summer outside her station on top of the mountain. Evers and Bryan Anderson, Wyoming State Forestry’s District 2 director, were discussing the difficulty of fostering a fire-adapted mindset in homeowners. 

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“Everybody has the mindset that ‘It’ll never happen to me’ … until it does.”

— Brian Oliver, Natrona County Fire District

After two fires six years apart consumed much of the forest on the east and west sides of Casper Mountain, but left the middle—where most of the structures are—virtually unburned, “more people [were] out doing mitigation, removing deadfall, calling about stuff and asking the questions,” Evers recalled. 

Bryan Anderson, Wyoming State Forestry’s District 2 director. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsBryan Anderson, Wyoming State Forestry’s District 2 director. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Bryan Anderson, Wyoming State Forestry’s District 2 director. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

“We’d hold a field day for landowners up here. They would show up,” Anderson agreed. Peak attendance for fire prevention and awareness workshops was between 30 and 40 people, Evers said, less than 10 percent of Casper Mountain’s population, but still a healthy showing. “Last time we tried to hold [a field day] here…I think 12 people showed up,” he said, lamenting the decline in interest.

This month, Evers plans to meet with the National Fallen Firefighter Foundation to discuss hosting a two-day education program in Casper this June that would explain the virtues of home hardening and creating defensible spaces, and teach homeowners the risks firefighters face when communities that are not fire adapted burn. 

She believes the foundation will tell residents “if you don’t do this, firefighters will die.”

“Time for the tough love,” she said.

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When a homeowner does get the message, the results can be transformative.

“Nuked”

In 2012, Gary Berchenbriter lost his cabin on the east side of Casper Mountain to the Sheepherder Hill fire. Anderson and other firefighters had fought hard to save the home—because they felt safe; the Berchenbriters had what firefighters call “defensible space” around the structure and a nearby grove of aspens, a deciduous tree that retains more moisture and doesn’t ignite as easily as conifers. 

But upon returning home, Berchenbriter described his land as “just nuked.” 

The family decided they wanted to rebuild, and did so to be more resilient to wildfires. Their new home uses earthen plaster siding and has a metal roof, both of which are considered safer than wood and asphalt. The home’s centerpiece is a scorched ponderosa pine tree that used to sit in the front yard but now reaches from the floor to the ceiling inside the house, its black scars a reminder for the family.

A ponderosa pine that burned on Gary Berchenbriter’s property in 2012 is now the centerpiece of his and his wife’s new house on Casper Mountain. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsA ponderosa pine that burned on Gary Berchenbriter’s property in 2012 is now the centerpiece of his and his wife’s new house on Casper Mountain. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
A ponderosa pine that burned on Gary Berchenbriter’s property in 2012 is now the centerpiece of his and his wife’s new house on Casper Mountain. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Gary Berchenbriter rebuilt his house next to the old foundation after the Sheepherder Hill fire in 2012. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsGary Berchenbriter rebuilt his house next to the old foundation after the Sheepherder Hill fire in 2012. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Gary Berchenbriter rebuilt his house next to the old foundation after the Sheepherder Hill fire in 2012. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

While Berchenbriter’s immediate neighbor is an excellent land steward, many other Casper Mountain residents are second-home owners, and Berchenbriter said he was not sure how well the community is prepared for a fire that strikes the middle of the peak. “Generally, the farther away you are, the less interest you have in [fire protection],” he said. “The people that live on the mountain I think are very aware and take care of it.”

Homes up narrow canyons and in overgrown, drought-stressed forests accessible by only a single winding road are littered across Wyoming and the West. Often “dream homes,” they are increasingly a nightmare to insure. Requirements for home hardening, tree thinning and vegetation management are usually implemented at the county level, and consistency between how homeowners manage their fire risk is not guaranteed. 

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“At what point do you roll up the newspaper and spank the public?” said Jacob McCarthy, State Forestry’s District 5 forester covering Johnson, Sheridan and Campbell counties. “Are you going to comprehend what is being told to you? Or are you going to have the mentality of it’s not going to happen to me, or it doesn’t matter because I have insurance and they’ll pay for it?”

Jacob McCarthy, who spent weeks fighting fires in northeastern Wyoming during the summer of 2024, wants more people to understand that fire is a natural process Wyomingites must learn to live with. Credits: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News and Jacob McCarthy

Jacob McCarthy described the Badger Fire as “a shot across the bow,” portending intense fire behavior in 2024. Credit: Jacob McCarthyJacob McCarthy described the Badger Fire as “a shot across the bow,” portending intense fire behavior in 2024. Credit: Jacob McCarthy
Jacob McCarthy described the Badger Fire as “a shot across the bow,” portending intense fire behavior in 2024. Credit: Jacob McCarthy

McCarthy delivered this tough love as he drove through Story, Wyoming, a small community on the rim of the Big Horn Mountains, to a patch of state land he hoped would one day be treated with a prescribed burn. Tribes across the U.S. have used intentionally set fires, known among Indigenous practitioners as cultural burns, for centuries, far longer than the state of Wyoming has existed. Only recently has federal and state fire management grown to include prescribed burns.

In 2024, a fire ripped through 98,000 acres on the east side of the mountain, and McCarthy hoped a burn intentionally set in the area could head off a similar conflagration.

“This landscape has seen fire for thousands of years,” he said. “What we’ve done is we’ve taken that fire off the landscape. Doing that, we’ve painted ourselves into a corner … We basically fired the maid, and we didn’t start cleaning our own house.”

Spark Plugs

Fighting fire with fire is risky. Even the slightest change in weather conditions can blow a prescribed fire burning slow and low on the ground into an inferno that escapes to threaten lives and property. Much more often, any one of a dozen conditions like wind, heat or fuel moisture fall outside the prescribed safe ranges, leading burns to be shut down. Permitting and staffing the burns requires coordination between federal, state and local governments, and buy-in from nearby communities that will be affected by the smoke, even if the burn goes well, and possibly flames if it does not. 

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Given all the liability, it is unlikely to ever become a tool Wyoming can wield without help, despite research showing low-intensity prescribed burns could prevent megafires in vast areas of forested land across the state.

As a state agency, “we don’t have the resources to prep and implement a prescribed fire,” McCarthy said.

Even a successful prescribed burn can generate a lot of controversy. 

“The big issue really is—besides escape—smoke, especially for long-duration burns,” said Andy Norman, a retired fuels specialist with the Forest Service based in Jackson, Wyo., who estimated he’s participated in more than 100 prescribed burns. “The Forest Service definitely had to do some outreach, making sure that people understood that this is a short-term impact, that long-term, there’ll be less chance of a wildfire in this area.” 

After 38 working in fire-management, Andy Norman wants to see more communities accept the fact that they live with fire. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsAfter 38 working in fire-management, Andy Norman wants to see more communities accept the fact that they live with fire. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
After 38 working in fire-management, Andy Norman wants to see more communities accept the fact that they live with fire. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
After a career in the Forest Service, Liz Davy has helped generate social acceptance for prescribed burns in the communities around Yellowstone through her organization Greater Yellowstone Fire Action Network. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsAfter a career in the Forest Service, Liz Davy has helped generate social acceptance for prescribed burns in the communities around Yellowstone through her organization Greater Yellowstone Fire Action Network. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
After a career in the Forest Service, Liz Davy has helped generate social acceptance for prescribed burns in the communities around Yellowstone through her organization Greater Yellowstone Fire Action Network. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

In 2022, Liz Davy, a former Forest Service district ranger disillusioned by the lack of public acceptance for proactive fire management in the Yellowstone ecosystem, cofounded the Greater Yellowstone Fire Action Network, one of the many nonprofits dedicated to helping communities live with fire in the area.

The network distributes air filters during smoke events, hosts webinars on home hardening and defensible spaces and has also helped counties around Yellowstone, including Lincoln and Sublette, create “smoke-ready” communities, where residents are trained to keep each other safe from the emissions of wildfires or prescribed burns. 

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One aspect of their model relies on finding a neighborhood ambassador, a community member who can serve as an example of how to live with fire. “We call them ‘spark plugs,’ those people who are really passionate about [fire],” Davy explained on an August trip to the Caribou-Targhee National Forest, where she was a ranger. She was on her way to observe work being done by a fuels crew—professionals trained to reduce a landscape’s fire risks by thinning forests and, when appropriate, conducting prescribed burns—which her organization had helped plan. 

A section of forest is thinned near Esterbrook, Wyo. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsA section of forest is thinned near Esterbrook, Wyo. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
A section of forest is thinned near Esterbrook, Wyo. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

A group of mostly young women clad in thick chaps and carrying chainsaws waited for Davy on the side of the road. She seemed eager to throw on fire-resistant Nomex pants and join the team.

The Nature Conservancy crew is certified to thin vegetation and conduct prescribed burns anywhere in the country. Their work supplements federal and state fuels treatments, and this job would help the Forest Service to improve its fire breaks and promote aspen regeneration. 

Despite mostly camping on the job for a couple weeks of, on average, 10-hour workdays, few of them showed fatigue. Several said they were grateful they got to do work they feel helps communities get ahead of disasters.

“I just wanted to do prescribed fire as a job,” said Christian Craft, the group’s leader and a former Forest Service firefighter. “I just think it’s a lot more important to be proactive than reactive when it comes to this.”

Christian Craft left a career fighting fire with the Forest Service in pursuit of a burn boss certification, which will let him lead prescribed burns across the U.S. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsChristian Craft left a career fighting fire with the Forest Service in pursuit of a burn boss certification, which will let him lead prescribed burns across the U.S. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Christian Craft left a career fighting fire with the Forest Service in pursuit of a burn boss certification, which will let him lead prescribed burns across the U.S. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News

Craft is pursuing his burn boss certification to plan and execute prescribed fires, and thinks he’ll earn that more quickly through The Nature Conservancy than the Forest Service.

The crew got their chainsaws humming, and soon, trees were crashing across the forest. Davy left with a smile on her face. After years of working in a male-dominated profession, she was heartened to see so many young women working in fire.

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“How are we going to change the culture of people who live in a fire-dependent ecosystem? One person at a time,” she said. “Eventually, … it snowballs. You’ll get states involved, you’ll get lawmakers involved, you’ll get county commissioners involved … it’s really one person at a time.” 

Is climate change leaving enough time for that? “Not always, no,” she admitted. “It’s taking a long time.”

A Cold Day in Hell

Last July, nearly a year after the House Draw Fire, Jake Christian, the Buffalo-area rancher, left his home, still speckled orange from the slurry that saved it, and drove around his property. Yellow grass had sprouted so densely that it was hard to see anything had burned.

Christian and his father spent the year after the fire rebuilding $1 million of burned fencing using fire-resistant metal. “It’ll be a cold day in hell when I put another piece of wood in the ground,” he said. He’s also considering adopting virtual fencing—GPS collars that make noise then shock a cow if it strays into electronically cordoned-off areas. He plans to attend a symposium on virtual fencing this winter, and if he decides that the technology could work for him, it may one day allow him to dismantle much, if not all, of his fenceline.

Jake Christian reviews 2024’s House Draw fire, which wiped out 90,000 acres of his property. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate NewsJake Christian reviews 2024’s House Draw fire, which wiped out 90,000 acres of his property. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
Jake Christian reviews 2024’s House Draw fire, which wiped out 90,000 acres of his property. Credit: Jake Bolster/Inside Climate News
It took Jake Christian and his father close to a year to rebuild the burnt fenceline. Credit: Courtesy of Sara ChristianIt took Jake Christian and his father close to a year to rebuild the burnt fenceline. Credit: Courtesy of Sara Christian
It took Jake Christian and his father close to a year to rebuild the burnt fenceline. Credit: Courtesy of Sara Christian

Though all of their yearlings survived, the Christians had to sell about 80 after so much of the grazing land surrounding their home burnt. Selling so many cattle was devastating, particularly for his wife Sara. 

“Right now I think of my life as before the fire and then after the fire,” she said.

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Cottonwoods along the stream behind the Christians’ home showed no signs of new growth, and Christian was devastated to lose other trees, like the one his grandfather tended.

“It was so beautiful before,” he said as his truck rumbled past black tree trunk. “Seeing them all gone, I mean, there are so many of them … how do you replace a 100- or 200-year-old tree?”

About This Story

Perhaps you noticed: This story, like all the news we publish, is free to read. That’s because Inside Climate News is a 501c3 nonprofit organization. We do not charge a subscription fee, lock our news behind a paywall, or clutter our website with ads. We make our news on climate and the environment freely available to you and anyone who wants it.

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Wyoming

Mystery buyer revealed of $79.5M Wyoming ranch that is bigger than Rhode Island

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Mystery buyer revealed of .5M Wyoming ranch that is bigger than Rhode Island


A Wyoming ranch bigger than the state of Rhode Island has a new owner, ending months of speculation over the mystery buyer.

Christopher Robinson, a local elected official, purchased the 916,000-acre Pathfinder Ranches through his family-owned company, The Ensign Group L.C., according to KPCW.

The deal closed January 14 for the sprawling property that was listed last summer for $79.5 million. The final purchase price was not disclosed.

Stretching across four counties in Wyoming, Pathfinder Ranches encompasses roughly 1 percent of the state’s total land mass, according to KPCW. At 1,431 square miles, it is nearly the size of Delaware. By comparison, New York City spans about 300 square miles, while Rhode Island covers just over 1,000 sq miles.

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The property even eclipses the fictional Dutton Ranch from the wildly popular TV series Yellowstone, which was depicted as between 775,000 and 825,000 acres.

Stretching across four counties in Wyoming, the sprawling ranch is bigger than the state of Rhode Island

Stretching across four counties in Wyoming, the sprawling ranch is bigger than the state of Rhode Island (Google)

America’s largest private landowner in 2026 is Stan Kroenke, according to Land 100. Kroenke controls an estimated 2,700,000 acres across the country.

CNN founder Ted Turner is also in the top five largest private landowners with two million acres spanning the Southeast, the Great Plains, and the American West.

Robinson, a Summit County Council member who already controls roughly one million acres of land, acquired Pathfinder just four years after buying the neighboring 86,000-acre Stone Ranch.

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The ranch, named for 19th-century explorer John C. Frémont, is made up of four main properties spread across the Rocky Mountain region, and surrounds much of Pathfinder Reservoir, according to the Swan Land Company website. It contains over 20 miles of the Sweetwater River, and includes portions of the Pedro, Ferris, Seminoe, and Green Mountain ranges.

One of the most notable landmarks is Independence Rock, which is located along the historic Oregon, Mormon, Pony Express, and California Trails. Portions of the trails, which were trekked by early pioneers, weave through the ranch.

“The family from whom we bought the Stone Ranch used to own the heart of the Pathfinder, and they sold it in, say, 1975. And so we’re kind of reuniting it,” Robinson, CEO of The Ensign Group, told KPCW. “It’s now one big landscape.”

According to the Summit County website, Robinson is on the Summit County Council, a seat he has held since his election in 2008. In December, Robinson announced that he would not run for reelection.

Christopher Robinson, a local elected official, purchased the 916,000-acre Pathfinder Ranches through his family-owned company

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Christopher Robinson, a local elected official, purchased the 916,000-acre Pathfinder Ranches through his family-owned company (Summit County Utah)
The ranch is made up of four main properties spread across the Rocky Mountain region

The ranch is made up of four main properties spread across the Rocky Mountain region (Google)

Robinson said the Stone Ranch will serve as a key connector between the eastern and western sections of Pathfinder, allowing Ensign to operate the land as a single, self-sustaining livestock range, according to Cowboy State Daily.

“So, we’re kind of reuniting that, and we intend to, we’re operators,” Robinson told the outlet. “We’re not generally landlords. We’re going to, over time, grow into it, where we’re mostly running our own livestock on it.”

Robinson said the deal reflects both business interests and long-term conservation goals.

“We love land and water,” Robinson added. “We think it’s a good long-term investment, and we like the opportunities it affords us to be stewards over a piece of God’s creation.”

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Man turbocharges abandoned RV he found in Wyoming barn

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Man turbocharges abandoned RV he found in Wyoming barn


A YouTuber decided to do a crazy DIY project and turbocharge an abandoned RV that he dragged out of a barn in Wyoming.

He pulled a dusty 1977 Winnebago Chieftain out of a barn after it had been sitting for up to 20 years, then somehow drove it 400 miles back to Colorado.

Instead of restoring it in the typical way, he decided to stick a turbocharger onto the massive old motorhome, because of course he did.

What he ended up with was a true beast that goes faster than any RV would ever need to go, at least he won’t be late for camping.

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Man turbocharges abandoned RV he found in a barn

There’s nothing better than a DIY project, but possibly the only thing that’s better is sticking a turbocharger onto a vehicle that certainly doesn’t need it, like this 1977 Winnebago Chieftain RV.

The project came from Dustin from the Life of Lind channel, who admitted to his subscribers that he had never built a turbo setup like this before.

The Winnebago’s interior was in surprisingly good shape, but under the hood, things were far less friendly, with melted wiring, aging connectors, and plenty of problems that had to be fixed before adding power.

Rather than cramming a turbo into the engine bay, Dustin rerouted the exhaust forward and mounted the turbo up near the wheel well.

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The entire setup was fabricated at home using basic tools and a welder he got for cheap, with lots of cutting, test fitting, and trial and error along the way.

The fastest motorhome ever

Once the turbo and the fresh new intercooler were in place, he carefully brought the RV back to life, but with a little bit of space.

After sorting out oil leaks and wiring issues, the big RV finally hit the road, with so much extra power boosted by the turbocharger.

It is still a gigantic motorhome, but now it accelerates far quicker than it ever did before it was upgraded, but the turbo is clearly audible every time Dustin steps on the throttle.

The next plans include boosting it even more, cleaning it up and dropping serious weight by removing old tanks and a massive generator.

The end goal is a turbocharged abandoned RV built for people who will never be late to the camping trip ever again.


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