New Mexico
Zombie birds? New Mexico researchers develop wildlife observation drones from dead birds
The research team at New Mexico Tech has constructed and tested pheasant, mallard duck and pigeon drones and robots. The lead researcher wants them for wildlife monitoring but uses could vary.
Zombie duck drones monitor fellow wildlife
New Mexico Tech are fitting bird carcasses with drone technology to monitor wildlife and bird populations.
Zombie birds are no longer part of post-apocalyptic fiction; they may soon be among us. But in their newfound life, the birds aren’t looking for brains. They’re being used to further wildlife research.
Researchers at the New Mexico Tech Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro have spent the past two years developing drones and robots from the bodies of dead birds. Still in testing, the animatronic birds may be used to study avian formations, coloration and communication, in addition to other natural ecosystems.
These bird-like drones could solve some issues that wildlife researchers have experienced with traditional drones, said Mostafa Hassanalian, lead researcher and mechanical engineering professor at New Mexico Tech.
“Sometimes, you get a bird strike. The birds attack your drone. Your drone gets damaged and at the same time, the birds get hurt or they might be killed,” Hassanalian said. “Drones carry lots of noise. For example, if you are monitoring a herd of elephants in Africa for wildlife monitoring, they carry lots of noise and the animals would be scared and scatter.”
By creating “nature-inspired robotic systems,” Hassanalian hopes researchers can find more success in studying wildlife.
Here’s what you need to know, including whether the bird drones could be used outside of the animal kingdom.
Different birds for different purposes
Hassanalian and his students have worked with the bodies of three different types of birds throughout their research.
The first is a pheasant. Using a real taxidermy pheasant head and pheasant wings, the research team tested the creation of a drone with flapping wings. The purpose was to create a drone that could more naturally blend in with other pheasants for wildlife monitoring.
The team studied the wings of pheasants, flapping patterns, thrust and lift forces, among other characteristics to create a realistic drone.
The research team has also worked with dead mallard ducks to create two different types of robots − a swimming robot and a flying drone. The latter was designed and tested similarly to the pheasant, while the former required some new research and testing.
Rather than focusing on recreating flapping wings, the focus of the swimming duck robot was recreating feet that accurately replicated a duck’s that can glide through the water and dive down. Similar to airborne birds, the swimming duck robot could be used to monitor aquatic wildlife.
The latest of the research team’s work centers around stationary pigeons.
“They have a camera in the neck and this can basically do real-time video or broadcasting,” Hassanalian told USA TODAY. “Say you go in a national park and you want to study the wildlife and you want to have a stationary platform − there are some drones probably being used for that … You can put one of (these) there (in a tree) with the camera. It’s not distracting to the other birds that are around and then you can basically record the wildlife.”
Ultimately, Hassanalian said he would like to create a bird robot that can fly, swim and perch.
How do other birds react to the drones, robots?
While the research team has conducted meticulous research in order to accurately recreate different birds, in actuality, they don’t yet know how other birds would react to them. So far, the research team has only tested the drones and robots in controlled environments on New Mexico Tech’s campus, Hassanalian said.
“We know there’s a challenge that they might be attacked by other birds, but I mean, that’s a part of nature,” Hassanalian said with a laugh.
Hassanalian said his research team is looking at obtaining permission to fly the drones among real birds in non-simulated environments.
Where do the dead birds come from?
All of the birds that Hassanalian and his team use are naturally dead.
“They have all been ‘taxidermied’ by certified taxidermists. We purchase them and try to play with them,” he said. “We’re not asking a taxidermist to kill a bird and then do the taxidermy and give it to us.”
Surveillance potential
Hassanalian and his research team are only interested in studying the use of their bird-like drones to aid wildlife observation right now, but he recognizes that the technology could be used for surveillance, too.
“For future direction … types of taxidermy bird drones can be integrated for protecting the border,” Hassanalian said. “That’s another potential application. We have not been looking at that, but I’m just talking about the potential application.”
Throughout work on this project, Hassanalian has been made aware of concerns related to security and how the bird-like drones could be used for spying.
Several bird-centric conspiracy theories, like Birds Aren’t Real, have grown in popularity over the years, but Hassanalian said his research isn’t associated with any of them. Gaining traction around the COVID-19 pandemic, Birds Aren’t Real claimed that all real-life birds were replaced with “surveillance drones” in the 20th century. Despite its large following, Birds Aren’t Real was not a real conspiracy, but rather an online joke.
“I wasn’t aware of that conspiracy theory until I did this project,” Hassanalian said. “The possibility of any technology being repurposed in unintended ways is a valid concern. While our research aims to support scientific and environmental initiatives, we recognize that any technology could be misused if it falls into the wrong hands. This is why it is always crucial to have appropriate regulations, ethical guidelines and public dialogue around the development and use of drones.”
When it comes to the bird drones being used for spying, Hassanalian said it is not something he or his research team supports.
What’s next?
In addition to his work with bird drones, Hassanalian is researching the creation and implementation of dandelion-inspired drones to assist in seed dispersal.
“Bees, they are in edangered … they have a very important role in seed dispersals,” he said. “The dandelion drone we are developing, they also can be used for dispersing the seeds and bird drones can actually carry the dandelion drones in much more nature-friendly ways for seed dispersals.”
Though this implementation is still a ways out from being a reality, this research could have an impact on bee endangerment and pollination in the natural world.
Hassanalian said he also has an interest in creating and testing reptile and amphibian drones, such as lizards, frogs and snakes.
This story was updated to correct a spelling error.
Greta Cross is a national trending reporter at USA TODAY. Follow her on X and Instagram @gretalcross. Story idea? Email her at gcross@gannett.com.
New Mexico
CDT: be gentle with me, New Mexico – The Trek
Day 94 – New Mexico’s whisper
In New Mexico, the wind is a gentle whisper, a soothing caress compared to Colorado’s raw, biting force. The final state of my CDT thru hike. I must admit that I am not sad about the end coming closer.
The aspens shine golden, soft, warm light flows between the trees and across meadows. The Continental Divide stretches out like an invitation, its terrain kinder and more forgiving.
“Oh, Colorado was rough on you?” New Mexico seems to say with a wry smile, shaking her head in mock disapproval. “She’s always like that – loves to toy with you hikers. Come on, take my hand. Let’s go home.”
The Continental Divide Trail unfurls through endless expanses of golden grass, weaving into pockets of forest that feel… cozy. It’s hard to describe but anyone who has hiked this trail southbound will know what I mean.
Campsites are everywhere – sheltered, flat, on soft duff, complete with logs perfectly placed to sit on. After weeks of squeezing my tent into awkward gaps between the only five trees around, cowboy camping behind scrubby bushes for a sliver of wind protection, and lying on rocky, uneven ground, New Mexico was a treat.
Cows are my trail companions again, their black, brown, and shaggy fur dotting the landscape. They’re not alone. Around every bend and behind every bush, hunters – men clad in camouflage, rifles or crossbows slung over their shoulders.
3 hunters vs 1 dirty thru hiker
On my second day in New Mexico, I was walking down the trail when I noticed three men ahead of me. They were tall, in full hunting gear, weapons in hand as they moved steadily through the woods. I stopped in my tracks. For a moment, I just watched them like characters in a story I didn’t yet know.
Back in the summer, I would have been nervous – three armed men in the wilderness while I hiked alone was a scenario that once unsettled me. But months on the trail had changed that. I’d met hunters, chatted with them, learned about their craft, and started to understand the pull of the hunt. Now, I felt no fear, just curiosity.
I stepped forward, closing the distance between us. But before I could call out a friendly hello, I noticed their demeanor shift. Their movements became tense, deliberate. Their heads swiveled as they scanned the trees around them.
“Dang,” I thought, “they must have spotted an animal. Better be quiet and not ruin it.” I crept forward, suddenly excited at the idea of maybe witnessing a shot in action.
Then one of them turned and saw me. His posture softened immediately, and he barked a nervous laugh. “You scared the crap out of us,” the younger man said, lowering his weapon.
“Me? Oh, I’m sorry,” I replied, flashing my most innocent smile before striding past them with purpose, doing my best to hold back a grin.
As I continued down the trail, I couldn’t help but think, I don’t know what’s more surprising: that they couldn’t tell the sound of human steps from an animal, or that three fully armed men got spooked by me – just a thru hiker, unarmed and unassuming.
The thought made me laugh quietly to myself as the forest swallowed me up again.
Day 95 – all humans gone
Cows. Lots of cows but I did not see a single person all day. I think that’s the first time since Idaho that this has happened on the CDT. Good water sources become more sparse and I camel up a few times to avoid the delicious, green-brown, cow pond smoothies.
Day 96 – a detour to Santa Fe
I’m on the phone to the hostel in Santa Fe, when an older lady walks towards me. Her face looks like she’s about to tell me off for something and she starts talking to me although I’m obviously making a phone call. I drop the phone slightly annoyed. Ghost Ranch has been a little disappointing but I am not sure what I was expecting, maybe more than just buildings? The lady approaches me.
“Are you a CDT hiker? Do you need a ride somewhere?”
She caught me by surprise. She’s a trail angel.
“Yeah… to Santa Fe?”
“Sure, get in”, she offers a smile.
Ms. J is from Silver City, a small town nestled in southern New Mexico, and became acquainted with thru-hikers last year. Driving around her town when she noticed people with massive backpacks, sunburned faces, and dirt-streaked calves. Curious, she started talking to them and before long, she found herself shuttling them to trailheads and post offices.
Now, her car, a sturdy thing, had been transformed into a makeshift camper. Filled with camping gear, blankets and other supplies.
I sit cross-legged on the floor of the backseat, wedged next to a box of canned goods and snacks. The ride is a little cramped, but something about the coziness made it feel right. As the car rolled down the highway, our initial small talk gave way to deeper topics – migration, politics, mental health.
Whole Foods and head lamps
The Santa Fe International Hostel is one of those places that feels like it’s been part of the landscape for ages. The building is old, full of rustic charm. The real draw, though, is the full kitchen. And when I say “full,” I mean it’s a feast. On weekends, the hostel is practically overflowing with donations from Whole Foods: fresh fruit, veggies, loaves of bread, pastries, cakes, cheeses, eggs, yogurt, and even coconut cold brew. It’s where your hiker hunger goes to die.
Plus the people are incredibly kind. Probably my favourite hostel “on” the CDT.
Besides the hostel, the only place I wanna point out in Santa Fe is the outdoor shop called “tourist”. The owner stocks several cottage brands, all kinds of essentials plus a massive used gear section. I bought a new headlamp and it was the same price as online.
I roll over in my bunk, the morning light spilling through the windows. The kitchen doesn’t open until 8, and without the promise of coffee, there’s no real reason to get up just yet.
An hour later, I’m sitting in the hostel’s quiet patio, cradling a steaming mug of black coffee – the kind that feels like liquid gold. I hadn’t planned to take a zero, but here I am.
“Can I join?” A woman with dark hair appears, followed closely by another with blonde curls. They settle at the table, and before long, we’re talking like old friends.
“We’re attending the Human Design conference,” Nicole explains, her voice warm and casual. Minutes later she’s excitedly reading my chart.
The day slips by in a haze of relaxed conversations, the comforting weight of doing nothing. My zero in Santa Fe turns into a slow, easy day spent lounging at the hostel, eating slices of rich cheesecake, and, eventually, booking a concert ticket for after the trail. It feels good to have something to look forward to – although it is a deadline, but this one brings excitement instead of pressure. Now, there’s a mark on the calendar, reminding me that the end is near. The CDT is almost over.
Day 98 – new weird named friend unlocked: Pringles
I follow the irresistible scent of fresh coffee into the hostel kitchen. I’m not the only one up early.
“I hiked the PCT in 2022,” Pringles says casually while cracking eggs into a pan, like it’s the most normal thing in the world.
My eyes widen. “No way.”
We slip into an easy conversation about the challenges of long-distance hiking, the highs and lows of the Pacific Crest Trail. His home state North Carolina. The connection is instant – there’s a shared understanding between us, a bond that only thru hikers seem to have.
The hostel had been a cozy home, but it is time to get going and soon, I’m on a bus, leaving Santa Fe behind.
Christmas route in October
I don’t make it far into the desert when I see another thru hiker in the distance – Inspector! I smile and wait for him to catch up. I’ve met him back in July in Leadore, Idaho, then ran into him again in Encampment, Wyoming, a few times in Colorado and now we’re on schedule to finish the CDT.
“Woah did you get into that storm in the San Juans?”, we exchange stories and plans for the New Mexico section, before I take a side trail to reconnect from the green to the red line (the official CDT), climbing up to the mesa for sunset views. This is called the Christmas route, you will find it in the FarOut App comments.
Day 99 – on the old CDT
“Hi Pinecone :)” is written in the sand in the middle of the burn area. I tilt my head, I’m not sure who this is from.
Lumberjack and I agreed to meet in Cuba and I am a bit behind.
The days in the desert feel like they’re slipping through my fingers. The light fades faster now. Late afternoon, the sun sinks lower, casting long, golden shadows across the land. But then, the light is gone, swallowed by the horizon. And least it’s not freezing cold as it was in Colorado.
That night, I find myself on the old CDT, the forest closing in around me as the last light disappears. The trail – if you can even call it that – is faint and overgrown, just a suggestion of a path weaving between the trees. My headlamp slices through the dark in a narrow beam, illuminating a few steps ahead, but it’s not enough. Bushwhacking in the dark in the dark maybe wasn’t the smartest of ideas. The comments said this route is still maintained?
My GPS is no help. I decide to trust the comments left by other hikers and bushwhack back to where the trail started to be overgrown, scanning the area carefully this time.
“I think there’s a trail there”
My GPS still tells me I’m off but the trail becomes more visible now and heads the right direction. I cowboy camp in the thick underbrush. Another great thing about fall in New Mexico: surprise storms are pretty unlikely.
Day 100 – Cuba, not the country
It’s almost hot as I walk into Cuba, New Mexico, the heat feeling like a luxurious treat. Eyes follow me from shaded porches and windshields, the way small-town gazes tend to linger a little longer. A whistle sends shivers down my spine, I keep my head down and march on.
Ahead, the dusty parking lot of a supermarket, the kind of place that sold everything from groceries to hunting gear. Outside, a tall, lean figure was crouched near the entrance, methodically organizing packets of food.
“Hobos everywhere”, I exclaim in German, laughing. Lumberjack turns around with a smile, knowing before seeing me that it’s me. We hug like old friends, it truly feels like we have known each other forever after running into each other on the CDT again and again.
I excuse myself into the store, feeling ravenous. Equipped with ice cream, pasta salad and a can of diet Dr. Pepper, I return to continue the conversation. Followed by a trip to the post office and a fried chicken lunch. Hiker hunger.
made up your mind
A somber realisation sets in: I gotta catch the post office before midday in Grants in three days. 104 miles in less than 3 days.
Lumberjack looks at this watch, “you basically have to hike now”
I dismiss him with a wave, “I’ll just night hike”
This might be the last time I see Lumberjack on the CDT and besides the 18 year age gap, we’re on the same page about life. He has this calm, safe aura where I feel like I can be myself and speak openly. Plus, we both plan on fundamentally changing our lives post thru hike. Hence, I am not in a rush to leave. The CDT is also just a trail.
Empty plates and crumbled up napkins between us, I slowly unfurl the little plan I have hatched in the last days. My explanation ending with ‘maybe, I don’t know’ and a shy smile. He looks at me with his bright blue eyes for a moment, his tan skin etched with fine lines, a map of years spent under open skies. Years well spent.
„Sounds like you made up your mind“, he nods approvingly and there’s a little crack in my chest, an old one, that fills up with light in that very moment.
New Mexico
Transfer running back Mike Washington signs with Arkansas
Junior New Mexico State transfer running back Mike Washington has signed with Arkansas, he announced Saturday morning.
A 6-foot-2, 215-pound native of New York, Washington rushed for 725 yards and eight touchdowns on 157 carries (4.6 YPC) in 2024. He also caught nine passes for 74 yards with a score.
His best performance of the season came against Western Kentucky on Nov. 9, when he ran the ball 19 times for a season-high 152 yards with two touchdowns.
Before joining the Aggies, Washington spent three seasons at Buffalo, where he accumulated 1,119 rushing yards and 10 touchdowns on the ground.
Washington committed to Utah through the transfer portal Dec. 15, but a visit to Arkansas seemingly made him rethink his decision.
2023 (Sophomore – Buffalo) Had 4 starts in 11 game appearances… ranked 2nd on the team for rushing (362 yards on 90 carries)… scored 2 rushing touchdowns… 13 receptions for 35 yards… had 12 carries for 52 yards vs. Wisconsin… rushed for 57 yards and 2 touchdowns, adding two receptions vs. Fordham… had a season-best of four receptions vs. Liberty… rushed a season-high 88 yards vs. Louisiana… rushed for 39 yards vs. Bowling Green… rushed for 35 yards and added a reception vs. Eastern Michigan.
2022 (Redshirt Freshman – Buffalo) Had 2 starts in 13 game appearances… led the Bulls in rushing with 625 yards and a team-high seven rushing touchdowns… 23 receptions for 135 yards and a score… rushed for 55 yards and a touchdown vs. Holy Cross… rushed for 71 yards and 2 touchdowns vs. Eastern Michigan… Rushed for 36 yards and a score vs. Miami… A season best of 155 yards rushed and two touchdowns, including a 92-yarder vs. Bowling Green (2nd longest run in program history)… receiving touchdown vs. Ohio… rushed 41 yards and a touchdown vs. Central Michigan… had a season-high of eight receptions vs. Akron.
2021 (Freshman – Buffalo) Appeared in 3 games… rushed for 132 yards and a touchdown on 23 carries… 13 carries for 65 yards vs. Wagner… 9 carries for 53 yards vs. Akron… 14-yard touchdown run vs. Bowling Green.
High School Junior season he earned All-State honors after rushing for 1,423 yards and 15 touchdowns… Played defense and had 31 tackles with three interceptions… named All-CNY and MVP of the Regional Championship Game.
New Mexico
Let’s pass the Clear Horizons Act for a thriving New Mexico
New Mexico stands at a pivotal moment with a historic opportunity to secure a sustainable future that protects our air, land, water, and communities for generations. Climate change is no longer a distant threat—it’s already devastating our way of life, endangering lives, homes, and livelihoods. We can no longer afford a “wait and see” approach.
This past summer, the village of Ruidoso faced a nightmare. Residents evacuated as the Southfork Fire encroached, transforming a short drive into hours of terror. Though firefighters’ heroic efforts spared the town, not all communities have been so lucky. In 2022, the Hermit’s Peak and Calf Canyon fires destroyed over 630 homes, and caused more than $4 billion in damage. Recently, Roswell saw a quarter of its annual rainfall in just a few hours, causing severe flooding, breaking a 123-year record, and claiming two lives. These events are not isolated. In the past two years, one in three New Mexico counties has experienced devastating fire and flood damage, highlighting the growing threat of climate change.
New Mexico has long been committed to protecting our natural resources. We’ve led the nation with aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets through executive orders, and the 2019 Energy Transition Act set ambitious clean electricity goals. However, we’re falling short, and without a comprehensive, long-term plan, we risk losing the New Mexican way of life we cherish. Our progress has slowed at a time when urgency is critical. To protect communities like Ruidoso, Mora, and Roswell from climate impacts, we must act now. We need a comprehensive framework to guide us toward a resilient, clean future.
That’s why, in the next legislative session, I’m sponsoring three key bills: the Clear Horizons Act, the Community Benefit Fund, and the New Mexico Innovation in Government Act. These bills will help create a New Mexico where families don’t have to flee from wildfires, where livelihoods are not lost to drought, and where we develop the workforce and infrastructure needed to address these challenges.
The Clear Horizons Act will establish a clear roadmap for the future, providing the regulatory certainty that businesses, communities, and families need to invest in a sustainable, clean future. Many New Mexico companies have already voluntarily pledged to meet emissions reduction targets similar to those outlined in the bill. By setting achievable greenhouse gas reduction targets and regularly evaluating progress, we can stay on track while adapting to emerging challenges.
The Community Benefit Fund, with immediate funding from state budget surpluses, will invest in local, community-driven projects that reduce emissions, create jobs, and build resilience. Priority will be given to overburdened communities most affected by climate change, like Ruidoso and Mora. This fund will support efforts such as rebuilding after fires, safeguarding water supplies, and transitioning to renewable energy, ensuring that local solutions drive New Mexico’s sustainable future.
The New Mexico Innovation in Government Act will build the state’s capacity to lead the clean energy transition. By investing in the resources, talent, and expertise within state agencies, we can ensure efficient implementation of clean energy projects. This will empower public servants to lead New Mexico toward a cleaner, more resilient future.
The time to act is now. If we fail to act, more communities will face devastation. But if we rise to the occasion, New Mexico can lead the way to a brighter, more resilient future for all. Let’s pass the Clear Horizons Act and ensure a sustainable future for New Mexico.
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