For the first time in a decade, Denver plans to revamp its residential health regulations.
City officials have been meeting with housing advocates and stakeholders for the past year, gathering input about how they might better protect tenants and maintain housing habitability standards amid a housing crisis and increasing corporate consolidation in the rental market.
In a Dec. 19 memo obtained by The Denver Post, Mayor Mike Johnston outlined a series of proposals that would increase transparency for residents, help tenant organizations better negotiate with management and ensure that problematic landlords address violations and fines before their rental licenses are approved.
Nicol Caldwell, public health manager with the Denver Department of Public Health and Environment, said the agency last updated its regulations 10 years ago — and that was only a minor revision.
“What we’re looking at now is basically a complete overhaul of the ordinance and rules and regulations,” she said in an interview. “It’s gonna be a pretty big effort.”
These changes will come in three different buckets. Internal policies and procedures — such as what inspectors wear and how they fill out forms — can be changed unilaterally by public health leadership. Rules and regulations — such as the minimum temperature a unit must maintain — must be approved by the DDPHE board. Larger changes to Denver’s city code must go before the City Council.
This process began in October 2024 as the city was working on its annual budget. Housing advocates were beating the drum over tenant protections, lamenting a lack of enforcement from city regulators as residents lived in buildings without heat and hot water, or their units were infested with cockroaches and bed bugs.
In response to the feedback, the city agreed to add a public health investigator position as well as an analyst to create a public dashboard for residential health complaints and citations. Johnston also agreed to hold a series of stakeholder meetings with the Denver Metro Tenants Union and other housing organizations to discuss more avenues to protect residents.
“The reality is that there are bad actors out there who are not putting in the work that’s necessary to maintain their properties on a regular basis,” Caldwell told The Post in January 2025.
The mayor’s memo outlined a series of “focus areas” that the public health team will consider during its overhaul, including:
- Requiring landlords to provide tenants with more information about violations and ongoing or completed enforcement actions
- Setting a maximum indoor temperature requirement to address overheating concerns
- Mandating that landlords meet and confer with tenants upon request to discuss property conditions or needed repairs
- Improving communication during the city’s proactive inspections
- Ensuring landlords pay outstanding fines and correct violations before they can renew their residential rental licenses
Some of the changes have already gone live. Members of the public can now find a comprehensive dashboard on the city’s website that tracks residential health complaints, violations and citations for any address dating back to 2022. Renters can now look up a prospective apartment building before they sign a lease, ensuring they’re moving into a space without years of documented problems.
The department previously increased the amount it can fine violators and started applying liens for unpaid fines.
“The ultimate hope is to make sure everyone in Denver, regardless of what type of dwelling they live in, has equal access to a healthy and safe environment,” Caldwell said.
Eida Altman, director of the Denver Metro Tenants Union, called Johnston’s letter “encouraging.”
“It indicated that the mayor’s office hears and understands many of the key issues we have been advocating around, and it signals that the conversation we held over the past year is the beginning, not the end,” she said.
Serena Gonzales-Gutierrez, a Denver city councilwoman, said the discussions are “just the tip of the iceberg.” There’s still a lot more work to be done, she said.
“This is a good example of how our government and community can come together to work toward solutions,” she said in an interview.
Caldwell admitted that recent cases of egregious behavior by landlords shone a light on the need for updated regulations.
The department issued heavy fines and ultimately shuttered a neglected building in Denver’s uptown neighborhood last year that was owned by CBZ Management. The building lacked heat, hot water and working fire alarms.
An investigation by The Post in May found the city has handed out residential rental licenses to building owners with years of documented violations, who continue to neglect their tenants immediately after receiving the all-clear.
The city hopes the updated regulations will be done by the end of 2027 — though Caldwell acknowledged that to be a lofty goal. Public health officials still need to sit down with landlords and apartment associations, as well as other city agencies. The job, she said, is to weigh the pros and cons and find a balance.
“Our job is to ensure everyone has a safe and healthy environment,” Caldwell said. “If that means changing regulations that come with a cost, that would be something we have to do.”
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