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The story behind the founding of Colorado College, 150 years ago | Cronin and Loevy

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The story behind the founding of Colorado College, 150 years ago | Cronin and Loevy


This spring marks the 150th anniversary of the founding of Colorado College in Colorado Springs in 1874. Few are aware that the initial motivation for the founding was to create a memorial to a 14-year-old girl who died of tuberculosis the previous year.

Here is an early account of the founding, written in the flowery and overstated writing style of the time:

“The first organized college in Colorado is the memorial of a beautiful American girl, who lost her life (and her) love of learning. She came as a young consumptive to (Colorado) Territory in the spring of 1873 and died the next autumn at the age of 14.”

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“When visiting General (William J.) Palmer’s residence one day and looking at the eagles on the rocks and in the air, she suggested the founding of a school nearby.”

It would be a place “where youth inclined to pulmonary diseases might learn to soar, as light of heart and strong of wing as old Glen Eyrie’s king of birds, whose life among the cliffs and flight above the clouds symbolized her own aspiring hope and faith.”

The young girl was named Florence Haskell. Her family had moved to the cool air and high elevation of Colorado in hopes it might cure her lung ailment.

Soon after the death of Florence Haskell, her father, the Rev. Thomas Nelson Haskell, a Congregational minister and recently a professor at the University of Wisconsin, proposed to the Colorado Conference of the Congregational Church, meeting in Boulder, his daughter’s hopes of starting a college in Colorado.



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Thomas Nelson Haskell

Thomas Nelson Haskell was the father of Florence Edwards Haskell. He was a Congregational minister and had also worked as a college professor at the University of Wisconsin.  






Haskell specified that the new college would be “open to both sexes and all races.”

At a subsequent meeting of the Conference, in Denver, on Jan. 20, 1874, the group gratefully accepted the offer from Palmer, of Colorado Springs, of 10 acres of land for the college campus, 70 acres of residential lots in the city that could be sold to raise money, and $10,000 cash to get the college started.







General William J. Palmer

Gen. William Jackson Palmer founded Colorado Springs in 1871. He attracted Colorado College by offering a free 10-acre site for the campus and a gift of $10,000 to get the college started.  

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In addition, Palmer, a Quaker, had banned the sale of alcohol in his new city, and that made Colorado Springs appear particularly desirable to Rev. Haskell.

On Feb. 9, 1874, a certificate of incorporation for the new college was filed with the Territory of Colorado in Denver. On Feb. 17, the certificate of incorporation was filed in El Paso County, where Colorado Springs had been founded just three years earlier.

A Board of Trustees was appointed. The board was required to have “a majority of Christian men to keep the college evangelical, nonsectarian, and in sympathy with the progress of the age.”

The trustees met at once and named the school Colorado College. Thomas Nelson Haskell set to work soliciting funds and selecting a faculty. Under the direction of the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, the first classes were taught on May 6, 1874, in a building at the northwest corner of East Pikes Peak Avenue and North Tejon Street.

For years, that location was the site of the First National Bank building, then Chase Bank. Today, the offices of The Gazette are nearby.

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The date of the first classes, May 6, 1874, has traditionally been recognized as the birthday of Colorado College.

The Gazette made this comment on the opening of Colorado College: “We have secured the location of the college here, and that will be no small aid to the growth of our town, if we go to work and make the best of it. The cooperation of our people is needed to give the enterprise a good start, and that cooperation should be given heartily and ungrudgingly.”

Typical of colleges at that time, Colorado College began with both preparatory and college-level classes. Due to the inadequacy of high school education in those days, many of the incoming students needed to take preparatory classes before they were ready for college level work.

The Gazette reported on May 9, 1874, that “the Preparatory Department of Colorado College was opened Wednesday last, and 20 students have already been enrolled. Most of these are from our town, but it has been signified that several more from other places, in this Territory, may shortly be expected.”

Faculty began to come on board. Professor E.N. Bartlett, formerly of Olivet College, in Olivet, Mich., was hired to teach Latin and Greek. Sanford C. Robinson, an Oberlin College graduate, was to assist in mathematics and physics.

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Women served on the faculty from the start. Minna Knapp, of Germany, instructed in German and music. Mary MacKenzie and Emma Bump also were teaching.

By July 18, 1874, Edwards announced that student enrollments were going so well there were students from 10 states in addition to those from the Colorado Territory. Now, 150 years later, Colorado College regularly enrolls students from nearly every state and about two dozen other countries.

Thomas Nelson Haskell was the founder of Colorado College. At every point in the organizing process, he was the “lever” that kept the process going. It was Palmer’s gift of land and money, however, that brought Haskell’s new college to Colorado Springs.







Haskell gravesite

Florence Edwards Haskell was buried in Fairmount Cemetery in Denver. Her father, Thomas Nelson Haskell, and her mother are buried next to her in unmarked graves.

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Haskell House, the campus house where students majoring in French live together, is named in honor of Haskell. It is located at the southwest corner of Uintah Street and North Cascade Avenue.

But the inspiration for Colorado College was Florence Haskell, the ailing 14-year-old girl who, in her last days, wished for a college at a healthful high elevation that would provide a place for students with lung diseases to study and learn.

Your morning rundown of the latest news from Colorado Springs and around the country

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Coworking firm Industrious takes former WeWork space in Denver

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Coworking firm Industrious takes former WeWork space in Denver


Industrious, a national coworking brand, is opening a new location in LoHi.

The company has snapped up 25,000 square feet at The Lab building at 2420 17th St., just off Platte Street. Industrious has an existing LoHi location just up the road at 2128 W. 32nd Ave.

“They are going to draw from different populations. … No doubt they’re close to each other, but [this is a] different product type, just in terms of build-out,” said Peri Demestihas, an Industrious executive.

Demestihas said the current LoHi location has been full for two years, which indicates demand for more space. That existing spot is more for established businesses with a greater emphasis on private offices. The new location will be geared more toward smaller companies and the solo entrepreneur.

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In total, there will be 379 dedicated “office seats” and 18 “access seats,” which can be used by anyone.

Industrious has a conservative mindset when it comes to growth, Demestihas said. The company also operates in Upper Downtown and by I-25 and Colorado Blvd.

“These are the submarkets we like and if we can find the right building and we can get the right structure, … without those things, we’re not going to go to those submarkets. It’s got to suit our members.”



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Contamination, climate change and political drama stall clean water for Colorado’s Arkansas Valley – High Country News

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Contamination, climate change and political drama stall clean water for Colorado’s Arkansas Valley – High Country News


The western stretch of the Arkansas River, which flows from its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains across the plains of southeastern Colorado, is in trouble. That trouble is compounded by uncertainty about what, exactly, is polluting and drying the river, and how such problems can be fixed. 

Overshadowed by the ongoing political brawl over the Colorado River, the Arkansas River Valley rarely appears in national news. But since Dec. 30, when President Donald Trump vetoed a bipartisan bill that would have secured favorable terms for funding to complete a $1.39 billion, 130-mile water pipeline, the region has become the stage for yet more drama about water in the Western U.S.

The Arkansas Valley Conduit is part of a decades-long effort to replace the dwindling, contaminated water in this stretch of the Arkansas Valley with clean water from Colorado’s Western Slope and the Pueblo Reservoir. If completed, it will supply water to roughly 50,000 valley residents, many of whom can no longer count on municipal supplies for safe drinking water.

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Pundits portrayed Trump’s veto as retaliation against Colorado politicians: Republican Rep. Lauren Boebert, who helped force the November vote for the release of the Epstein files, and Democratic Gov. Jared Polis, who has resisted pressure to pardon Tina Peters, a county clerk in western Colorado convicted of tampering with voting machines during the 2020 election. Sens. Michael Bennet and John Hickenlooper, both Democrats, condemned the administration for “putting personal and political grievances ahead of Americans.” The Salida-based Ark Valley Voice declared a “Reign of Retribution Punishing Deep Red Southeastern Colorado.” The New York Times, emphasizing the same irony, observed that “A Trump Veto Leaves Republicans in Colorado Parched and Bewildered.” 

For those managing the project, the veto is a setback but not a showstopper. The first dozen miles of the conduit have already been completed, and enough capital is on hand for at least three more years of construction. “Some (coverage) has been saying it’s the end of the project, which is totally false,” said Chris Woodka, senior policy and issues manager of the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District. “It’s still being built; the veto was not for any reason that had anything to do with the project, and we’re working in every way we can to make this affordable.” 

For valley residents, the issue is personal. This rural region is more culturally aligned with western Kansas than with Front Range cities. Like people throughout the Great Plains, the local residents are grappling with eroding social services and the rising cost of living. The scarcity of safe water magnifies uncertainty. “If you don’t have clean water,” said Jack Goble, general manager of the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District and a sixth-generation rancher, “you really don’t have anything.”

A resident prepares to fill jugs with purified water at the Rocky Ford Food Market in Rocky Ford, Colorado. The town’s water supply is contaminated with unsafe levels of radium and uranium. Credit: Michael Ciaglo
Lawrence Armijo, maintenance operator for the town of Manzanola’s water treatment plant. While the plant filters out most toxins, it is not equipped to remove radium and uranium from the groundwater.
Lawrence Armijo, maintenance operator for the town of Manzanola’s water treatment plant. While the plant filters out most toxins, it is not equipped to remove radium and uranium from the groundwater. Credit: Michael Ciaglo

“HOW EASY IT IS,” wrote William Mills in his 1988 book The Arkansas, “to take a river for granted.” 

The Arkansas Valley of Colorado is the ancestral homelands of the Plains Apache, Comanche, Kiowa, Cheyenne and Arapaho peoples. A geographical corridor across the Southern Plains, it was a route for incursions and ethnic cleansing by non-Native fur trappers, traders, military expeditions, hide hunters, railroad developers and settlers. Those settlers include my ancestors; I grew up in southwest Kansas, where generations of my family farmed and ranched along the dry Cimarron River. The Arkansas Valley, with its dwindling water and flatlands, feels like home.

By 1900, settlers had diverted the Arkansas into a maze of ditches. Irrigation and migrant labor supported sugar beet factories, vegetable cultivation and Rocky Ford’s famous melons. Such practices remade the riverbed, increased salinity, and reduced flow. As with the Colorado River, water rights were assigned partly on wishful thinking. Today, the Arkansas Valley is one of the region’s most over-appropriated basins, and the river’s annual flow has dramatically declined. A short distance past the Kansas line, the river is entirely dry.

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The Arkansas is being drained in new ways. Climate change and a record-breaking snow drought are intensifying the scarcity. Over the last half-century, growing Front Range cities have purchased water rights from farmers in the valley. Exchange agreements allow cities to swap these rights for ones farther upstream, leaving the downstream flow diminished and dirtier. Between 1978 and 2022, nearly 44% of the irrigated farmland in the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District was taken out of production.

Critics call it “buy-and-dry.” They say the removal of water has disastrous consequences for an agricultural region. “If you take all of that water out of an economy that completely depends on it,” Goble said, “it just breaks a community.” Faced with the prospect of litigation from local water districts, cities like Aurora claim to be developing more sustainable arrangements.

“If you don’t have clean water, you really don’t have anything.”

THE ARKANSAS’ WATER is changing, too. The river is diverted into dozens of canals and fields. What doesn’t evaporate or get absorbed returns as runoff or sinks through the alluvial gravels that connect to the riverbed. Each time a drop of water returns, it carries more dissolved minerals. As the river’s volume lessens, the concentration increases in what is left. By the time the river reaches the Kansas border, the water regularly contains 4,000 milligrams or more per liter — making it about eight times saltier than a typical sports drink and unsuitable for growing many crops.

Minerals are not the only problem. The river basin and alluvial gravels are also contaminated with radium and uranium. Last year, a study by the Colorado Geological Survey found that the levels of radioactivity in more than 60% of the private wells sampled in the valley exceeded federal standards. 

The radionuclides are called “naturally occurring.” But natural uranium usually stays locked in rock. In the valley, irrigated agriculture sets it into motion. Uranium is mobilized by complex interactions between oxygen, sediments, water, microbes and nitrate. Nitrate is a common fertilizer. One study found that valley farmers had over-applied it for decades. This pulls out radionuclides, turns them loose, and flushes them into the river’s shallow aquifer. Levels rise as the river moves east through agricultural lands.

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Contamination is not news in the valley. People have worked on cooperative solutions for decades. To meet safe water standards while the conduit is under construction, the towns of La Junta and Las Animas installed filtration systems. But cleaning the water creates hyper-contaminated wastewater, which is currently diluted and poured back into the river.  “The only true solution,” said Bill Long, president of the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District board, “is a new source.”

Orlando Rodriguez, Pate Construction foreman, climbs out of a hole where sections of the Arkansas Valley Conduit will be connected.
Orlando Rodriguez, Pate Construction foreman, climbs out of a hole where sections of the Arkansas Valley Conduit will be connected. Credit: Michael Ciaglo

THE CONDUIT WOULD PROVIDE safe water to a region too often disregarded. But the project also raises questions about what can truly be bypassed and what cannot, and about the fate of the river itself.

Near Cañon City, upstream from the conduit, the Lincoln Park/Cotter Superfund site contains a former uranium mill, millions of tons of radioactive waste, coal mineworks and tailing ponds. The site sits less than two miles from the Arkansas River. It is known to be contaminated with the same compounds — radionuclides, selenium, sulfates — that affect communities downstream.  

Local residents have worked for decades to raise awareness and hold a revolving cast of agencies, regulators and owners accountable for the pollution. “It has taken us a lifetime,” said Jeri Fry, co-chair of Colorado Citizens Against Toxic Waste. “As the years have gone by, we have been the ones holding the memory.” 

“The only true solution is a new source.”

Without memory, they say, contamination is normalized as background, treated as an isolated issue, or denied. “We’ve been stonewalled on many of our legitimate concerns,” said Carol Dunn, vice-chairperson of the Lincoln Park/Cotter Community Advisory Group. She believes state regulators avoid testing for fear of uncovering inconvenient facts.

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The most inconvenient would suggest connections between contamination in the valley and industrial pollution upstream, which affects not only Cañon City but the communities of Leadville, Pueblo and Fountain Creek. For Fry, all of the known and unknown pressures on the river point to the same fundamental problem. “We are not treating our water as though it is a sacred thing,” she said. “And it is. It’s got to be.” 

Russell Van Dyk, owner of Lloyd’s Ice and Water in Rocky Ford, Colorado, closes up his store at the end of the day. The residents of Rocky Ford and surrounding towns rely on purified drinking water because the area’s groundwater has been contaminated by uranium and radium.
Russell Van Dyk, owner of Lloyd’s Ice and Water in Rocky Ford, Colorado, closes up his store at the end of the day. The residents of Rocky Ford and surrounding towns rely on purified drinking water because the area’s groundwater has been contaminated by uranium and radium. Credit: Michael Ciaglo

We welcome reader letters. Email High Country News at editor@hcn.org or submit a letter to the editor. See our letters to the editor policy.

This article appeared in the May 2026 print edition of the magazine with the headline “The absence of clean water.”   

This story is part of High Country News’ Conservation Beyond Boundaries project, which is supported by the BAND Foundation and the Mighty Arrow Family Foundation.

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2026 Rockies’ good, bad and tradeable at the season’s quarter mark

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2026 Rockies’ good, bad and tradeable at the season’s quarter mark


By almost every measure, the 2026 Rockies are better than the ’25 Rockies. And, by almost every measure, the Rockies have a long way to go to become a contending big-league baseball team.

After getting bludgeoned by Kyle Schwarber and shut down by ace lefty Cristopher Sanchez in a 6-0 loss at Philadelphia on Sunday, the Rockies are 16-25 with one-quarter of the season in the books.

Schwarber hit solo home runs in the first and second innings off right-hander Tomoyuki Sugano, who gave up five runs on seven hits over five innings. Sanchez dominated Colorado for seven innings, giving up six hits, striking out seven, and walking none. He reduced his ERA to 2.11.

It was a step back for Colorado, but a week ago, Paul DePodesta, president of baseball operations, said, “We’re certainly encouraged by a lot of what’s going on, but at the same time, far from satisfied.”

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Here’s a look at the state of the Rockies at the quarter pole:

• On pace: The Rockies’ .390 winning percentage has them pointed toward a 63-99 record. That would be a 20-game improvement over their 119-loss season in 2025 and enable them to avoid the infamy of being the first team since the 1961-64 Washington Senators to post four consecutive 100-loss seasons.

• White Sox meter: Chicago’s Southsiders lost a major league record 121 games in 2024. At the quarter pole last year, they were a miserable 12-29, but they eventually finished with a 60-102 record. That was a 19-game improvement.

• Road conditions: Colorado was laughably bad on the road last season, going 18-63, averaging just 2.81 runs per game, and getting outscored by 213 runs. The ’26 Rockies no longer look like automatic roadkill. They are 8-14 away from Coors Field but 6-4 over their last 10 games. They are averaging 3.95 runs per game on the road.

• Rotation in motion: The ’25 Rockies finished with a starters ERA of 6.65, the worst in the majors since ERA became an official statistic in 1913. This season’s starters own a 5.27 ERA, still the worst in the majors, but an improvement. Toss out the innings thrown by “openers” and the starters’ ERA is 5.11.

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• Ace in the making? Right-hander Chase Dollander, who has the pure best stuff on the staff, is exponentially better this season than last — 3.35 ERA vs. 6.98 ERA as a rookie. On Friday, he held the Phillies to two runs and three hits in 5 2/3 innings, but walked five in the Rockies’ wild, 9-7, 11-inning victory. Dollander’s command was not sharp, but he didn’t implode as he might have last season.

“Every outing is different, for everybody,” Rockies manager Warren Schaeffer told MLB.com. “Today, for Chase, he had to battle command issues, but his stuff is so good that he was able to stay in it. He competed, and he kept grinding without his best command.”

Colorado Rockies’ Chase Dollander pitches during the first inning of a baseball game against the Philadelphia Phillies, Friday, May 8, 2026, in Philadelphia. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Trade material: Except for Dollander, Colorado’s four other starters are all veterans in the final year of their contracts. That makes them possible trade candidates at the Aug. 3 deadline, if not before.

However, after a strong start to the season, the starters are beginning to fade. Lefty Kyle Freeland (1-4, 6.00 ERA) has a vesting option worth $17 million for 2027, but he needs to pitch 170 innings to activate that option, and it’s doubtful he will. There is a $9 million team option for right-hander Michael Lorenzen, but considering that he is 2-4 with a 6.92 ERA and a 3.56 batting average against, it’s doubtful the Rockies would pick up his option. But are either Lorenzen or Freeland tradeable?

That leaves lefty Jose Quintana (1-2, 3.90 ERA) and Sugano (3-3, 4.07 ERA) as the most attractive trade pieces. And throw in reliever Antonio Senzatela (2-0, 1.11 ERA), too, because he’s also in the final year of his contract.

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Somehow, someway, the Rockies are going to have to restock their pitching cupboard for next season and beyond. It’s a predicament that DePodesta and company will have to solve.

Men of mystery: The hope was that this would be corner outfielder Jordan Beck’s breakout season, and that centerfielder Brenton Doyle and shortstop Ezequiel Tovar would bounce back. It’s early, but it’s not happening.

After going 1 for 3 on Sunday, Beck is hitting .169 with a .490 OPS. Doyle (.196, .529, 33.6% strikeout rate) is showing signs of rebounding, as is Tovar (.197, .277, 28.6%), who had two singles on Sunday. Still, the trio is underperforming. Beck and Doyle are often supplanted in the lineup by Mickey Moniak and newcomers Troy Johnston and Jake McCarthy.

The Rockies' Mickey Moniak heads up the first base line after hitting a triple off New York Mets relief pitcher Craig Kimbrel in the eighth inning of a baseball game Monday, May 4, 2026, in Denver. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)
The Rockies’ Mickey Moniak heads up the first base line after hitting a triple off New York Mets relief pitcher Craig Kimbrel in the eighth inning of a baseball game Monday, May 4, 2026, in Denver. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)

After a 1-for-4 performance on Sunday, Moniak is hitting .303 with a 1.004 OPS and leads the Rockies with 11 home runs. Moniak has had hot streaks before with the Angels, but then faded. However, the Rockies believe he can sustain his success.



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