Colorado
Colorado bill could expand access to language endorsements for bilingual high school students
Robert Tann/Summit Daily News
Bilingual students in Colorado could soon earn recognition — and possibly college credits — for proving fluency in a foreign language learned at home, thanks to a new bill passed by the House Education Committee.
House Bill 1028 does two things: It changes educational requirements for the biliteracy endorsement program, and it creates a new diploma enforcement for bilingualism for graduating high school students.
Existing laws surrounding biliteracy credentials on high school diplomas, passed in 2017, allow school districts to grant diploma endorsements in biliteracy to students who demonstrate proficiency in at least one foreign language, in addition to English.
More than 114,000 students — approximately 13% of Colorado’s K-12 student population — are identified as multilingual learners, yet only 55 out of the state’s 179 school districts offer a biliteracy seal.
“Currently, we have students who clearly meet the skill level for biliteracy, or bilingualism, but they cannot access recognition simply because their school doesn’t offer it,” Rep. Elizabeth Velasco, a Glenwood Springs Democrat and one of the bill’s primary sponsors, said during the bill’s Feb. 5 Education Committee hearing.
House Bill 1028 would expand access to biliteracy credentials by allowing students in school districts that do not offer the program to still complete it through other department-certified entities, which could include partnering with other school districts.
A biliteracy diploma endorsement is awarded to students who can read, write, speak and understand English and an additional foreign language. Bilingualism endorsements, which would be created under House Bill 1028, would be awarded to students who can speak and understand another language but don’t possess reading and writing skills — sometimes because the language is primarily oral and doesn’t have a standardized written form.
“The reason why (this distinction) is so profoundly important is because … we have many languages that also don’t have written language, and that in itself precludes them from being able to demonstrate and highlight that they are in fact bilingual,” said Rep. Lorena Garcia, an Adams County Democrat and one of the bill’s primary sponsors.
For higher education institutions that recognize the seal of biliteracy and bilingualism in high school diplomas, students with these seals could see them transferred into credits or be placed in a higher-level language class.
The seal would be especially beneficial to students who learned a foreign language outside of a classroom setting, who otherwise wouldn’t receive any credits or recognition for their abilities.
“The kids of immigrants are speaking their native language at home, but they might not have any AP classes or any classes where they’re learning how to write it,” Velasco said.
Jorge Garcia, Board Chairman and CEO of the Colorado Association for Bilingual Education, testified in favor of the bill nine years after supporting the original 2017 legislation. Garcia said the legislation “had a very powerful impact” on thousands of students across the state, some of which received college credit for having the seal and had better access to scholarships.
Expanding access to the seal of biliteracy through third-party organizations, Garcia said, increases these opportunities for students without lowering existing standards or reducing the rigor of these endorsements.
Educators and other community members also asked lawmakers to consider amendments, such as updating how bilingual proficiency is measured and including equivalent credits outside of those acquired through Advancement Placement assessments, which are designed for students planning to attend college.
James Yoder, who helps coordinate a biliteracy program in Aurora, said only two colleges and universities in the state currently recognize these seals. He suggested that language be added to the bill requiring all state colleges to recognize the achievement either through credit, higher-level placement in language classes or another benefit that helps students save on tuition.
“As it stands, the seal of biliteracy is basically a certificate and a pat on the back,” Yoder said.
Despite all 50 states offering the seal of biliteracy, Colorado is one of six states that does not collect data on students that receive the seal. Yoder requested that language be added to the bill that requires the Colorado Department of Education to collect and report that data.
If passed, the bill is projected to cost the state over $36,000 during its first year (2026-27) and $24,000 in the years following, most of which would come from the general fund during an already tight budget year.
Some lawmakers expressed concerns over the bill’s financial costs, pointing to bill language that says school districts that don’t already have their own program would have to pay a fee to work with a college or educational nonprofits.
Rep. Dusty Johnson, representing House District 63, shared that some of her smaller school districts are barely able to keep track of their K-12 costs, and that unintended fees could put them at more of a deficit.
Offering either endorsement program remains optional for school districts, Garcia said. One of the bill’s amendments further clarifies that if a student needs the services of another school district to attain a seal of bilingualism or biliteracy, an agreement has to be made between the school districts.
The bill passed the House Education Committee Thursday with an 8-5 vote and was referred to the Committee on Appropriations.
“I think for many of us immigrants, when we come to the U.S., we are met with a system that sees us as lacking something because we don’t speak English. But we’re actually bringing so much more,” Velasco said, recounting her own experience of arriving in the United States when she was 16 years old. “For me, it’s very very important for students to be able to celebrate … those skills that they have and are bringing from home, or from a different country.”
Colorado
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Colorado
‘It doesn’t look good’: Colorado transportation officials will use $12 million in leftover snowplowing funds to up roadside wildfire mitigation amid drought
Amid a historically hot and dry winter, the Colorado Department of Transportation will repurpose $12 million in unused snowplow funds for summertime wildfire mitigation efforts along the state’s highways.
CDOT Deputy Director of Operations Bob Fifer told the Colorado Transportation Commission at its work session this month that amid a record-low snowpack statewide, the transportation department is shifting its strategy to proactively address wildfire risk.
“It just doesn’t look good for us,” Fifer said at the March 18 meeting. “We are expecting a drought across the state.”
Almost the entire state saw snowfall totals well-below average this past winter, Fifer said. Most years, the state’s snowpack doesn’t peak until April, but this year the snowpack has already peaked and has melted off rapidly, he said.
According to the latest U.S. Drought Monitor report, more than half the state is experiencing severe drought, Level 2 of 4, with the northwest corner of Colorado experiencing extreme drought, or Level 3 of 4, and parts of Summit, Grand, Eagle, Routt, Garfield and Pitkin counties facing exceptional drought, or Level 4 of 4.
By June, Colorado’s Western Slope — including the Interstate 70 mountain corridor — is expected to be at above-average risk of significant wildland fires, according to the National Interagency Fire Center.
To determine where to focus the highway vegetation management, Fifer said the transportation department will leverage a Colorado State Forest Service Wildfire Risk Map to target roadside mitigation to the areas of the state that have the highest probability of burning.
“When you have 9,000 miles, or 24,000 lane miles, of road, where do you start mitigation?” Fifer asked. “What’s the most surgical area? How can we do it to get the most bang for the limited dollars we have? We’re going to use this data to drive that decision-making and we’re going to start with the most vulnerable areas.”
After choosing priority areas, Fifer said the transportation department will remove diseased trees and trees that are 50% dead or more, especially within the first 15 feet of the right-of-way. He said most of the wood will be chipped and slashed, then left on site to decompose, while larger blocks and diseased trees will be removed.
Ladder fuels, like lower branches, that could carry a fire up into the crown of the forest, will also be removed from trees within the right-of-way, Fifer said. He said stumps will be cut to about 4 inches off the ground.
In addition to their importance as evacuation routes, Fifer noted that “the highways are natural fire lines or fire breaks” that can help slow the spread of wildfires and that firefighters can use to strategically hold the fire at bay.
CDOT Deputy Director of Maintenance Jim Fox told the Transportation Commission that crews typically mow the right-of-way along the state’s highways twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall.
So far this fiscal year, which began last July, Fox said the transportation department has already completed nearly 28,000 swath miles of roadside mowing, or slightly more than it did in the previous one-year period. He said the transportation department has also removed 3,848 trees from the right-of-way so far this fiscal year, compared to 2,453 trees in the previous fiscal year.
CDOT Director of Maintenance and Operations Shawn Smith noted that the $12 million in snow and ice contingency funds that are left over from the winter, due to the low snowfall, are among the dollars that will help fund the increased roadside wildfire mitigation.
Although the transportation department already has some funds to dedicate toward increasing roadside wildfire mitigation, Fifer said, “We’ll probably need more to handle this.”
He did not provide an estimate for what the additional wildfire mitigation might cost.
Colorado
Grand jury indicts over half the officers in a rural Colorado county
DENVER — Five of the seven law enforcement officers in a rural Colorado county, including the sheriff, have been indicted in an investigation into allegations of misconduct, prosecutors said Friday.
A grand jury indicted Costilla County Sheriff Danny Sanchez and former Deputy Keith Schultz on charges of allegedly mishandling human remains discovered in October 2024, according to court documents. A man who found the remains and reported them to the sheriff’s office said Sanchez and Schultz took only the skull and left the other remains behind, including teeth, court documents state.
Two months passed before Schultz wrote a report, saying he left bones in a bag on his desk and went on another call, the documents state. A coroner’s official said he received the skull in an unlabeled paper bag from the sheriff’s office, the documents state.
Separately, Undersheriff Cruz Soto, Sgt. Caleb Sanchez — the sheriff’s son — and Deputy Roland Riley are charged in connection with the use of a Taser against a man who was suffering a mental health crisis in February and tried to leave when they insisted he go to the hospital, according to the documents. The man said he was “roughed up” by deputies and was left with broken ribs, according to the indictments.
Soto was charged with failing to intervene and third-degree assault, according to court documents. Caleb Sanchez and Riley were charged with second- and third-degree assault.
In announcing the indictments, 12th District Attorney Anne Kelly said she’s committed to investigating and prosecuting crimes no matter the offender.
“I cannot and will not ignore violations of the trust that a community should have in their police. No citizen of the San Luis Valley should have any doubts about the integrity of their police force,” Kelly said at a news conference Friday evening.
A person who answered the phone Friday at the sheriff’s office said it had no immediate comment but planned to post a statement online. Phone numbers listed for Danny Sanchez, Soto and Riley did not work. Caleb Sanchez did not have a listed number. An unidentified person who answered a number for Schultz referred The Associated Press to an attorney, Peter Comar. The AP left a message Friday for Comar seeking comment.
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