Connect with us

California

Secrets of California’s skydiving salamanders revealed by researchers

Published

on

Secrets of California’s skydiving salamanders revealed by researchers


A brand new research is shedding contemporary gentle into the unimaginable world of California’s temperate forests, and the daring survival strategies of certainly one of its inhabitants: parachuting salamanders.

The research, printed on Monday within the journal Present Biology, reveals how salamanders dwelling within the cover are capable of parachute persistently, slowing their velocity and controlling their actions.

Salamanders aren’t precisely recognized for his or her agility and their dexterity – individuals affiliate them with rotting logs and streams, mentioned Christian Brown, a doctoral pupil in biology on the College of South Florida. However the research reveals the counterintuitive nature of those creatures, and has implications for different organisms that will not look cool however have particular skills.

“This can be a five-gram salamander that climbs the world’s highest bushes and isn’t afraid to take a leap of religion,” mentioned Brown.

Advertisement

Scientists knew earlier than that wandering salamanders lived in redwoods, and in dense numbers – typically 30 or 40 people within the crown of 1 tree.

The amphibians are lungless: they breathe by their pores and skin and the tissue surrounding their mouth. The forest’s damp fern mats within the cover helped forestall them from drying out, and supply a secure haven.

In 2020, Brown and colleagues had printed an in depth description of how the salamanders soar. In contrast to different species, they used two ft as an alternative of 1. They don’t take off as rapidly in a horizontal manner, hinting at one thing: leaping with much less energy could be contributing to stability after the soar, mentioned Brown. “It’s higher to be in management after the soar than to leap actually powerfully.”

In any case, if you happen to’re going to leap from the world’s tallest bushes, you’ll have to parachute and glide.

To check their skydiving skills, Brown put the five-inch-long salamanders into tiny wind tunnels – the identical sort you would possibly see at an indoor skydiving park, simply in a salamander’s measurement. And identical to human skydivers, the salamanders moved their our bodies and limbs to sluggish their descent, efficiently slowing their velocity by 10%, the researchers discovered.

Advertisement
‘This can be a five-gram salamander that climbs the world’s highest bushes and isn’t afraid to take a leap of religion.’ {Photograph}: John P Clare

They dropped three different species of salamanders into the wind tunnels. The wandering salamanders, Brown says, “slowed themselves down the most effective”. Additionally they pumped their tails and moved their limbs to vary route horizontally.

Why did the species evolve this particular trick, since salamanders don’t appear to be very aerodynamic or vulnerable to fly? As a result of salamanders can’t reply that query themselves, scientists have to make use of what we all know in regards to the ecosystem and provide you with hypotheses to check, Brown mentioned.

One thought is that they use leaping and dropping to rapidly escape predation. Within the lab, simply tickling a wandering salamander’s tail will trigger it to leap.

One other thought is that the salamanders’ strikes are a type of locomotion – an elevator up and down the forest cover. Brown thinks a lot of the jumps happen from tree to tree 40 to 80 ft above the bottom – far sufficient the place a fall may not be deadly, however it will put a salamander at risk throughout a protracted trek dwelling. One other research confirmed it will take the salamanders hours to days to get again as much as the crown from the bottom. Pacific large salamanders stalk the forest flooring and prey on the wanderers, whereas all their sources – meals, dampness, mates – can be far up within the labyrinth of mats and ferns. So leaping can be a simple technique to get round. “It’s extra environment friendly and minimizes the dangers,” mentioned Brown. “Finally we expect the jumps are a prevention for falling all the way in which to the forest flooring.”

The researchers now wish to assess in additional element how the salamanders sail by the air of their pure surroundings, on the tops of bushes. They’re utilizing ladders to drop them a couple of meters open air paired with onsite observations from as much as 200 ft excessive to check this conduct within the subject. They’re additionally taking the glide patterns noticed within the lab and overlaying them with maps of redwood crowns and salamander areas to higher visualize the effectiveness of gliding at steep angles of their habitat.

Advertisement

The research has proven that salamanders can transfer their our bodies in fully sudden methods – turning, parachuting, gliding to the subsequent department. “The extent of management is sort of distinctive, in order that’s thrilling,” he mentioned. “That is an animal that may leap round with dexterity to navigate its habitat … they usually simply would possibly shock you.”



Source link

Continue Reading
Advertisement
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

California

SpaceX launches 20 Starlink satellites from California (photos)

Published

on

SpaceX launches 20 Starlink satellites from California (photos)


SpaceX launched another batch of its Starlink internet satellites to orbit early Sunday morning (Nov. 24).

A Falcon 9 rocket carrying 20 Starlink spacecraft — 13 of which are capable of beaming service directly to smartphones — lifted off from California’s Vandenberg Space Force Base on Sunday at 12:25 a.m. EST (0525 GMT; 9:25 p.m. on Nov. 23 local California time). 

The Falcon 9’s first stage returned to Earth about eight minutes after liftoff as planned, touching down on the SpaceX droneship “Of Course I Still Love You” in the Pacific Ocean.

Advertisement
The first stage of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket rests on the deck of a droneship shortly after launching 20 Starlink internet satellites to orbit from California’s Vandenberg Space Force Base on Nov. 24, 2024. (Image credit: SpaceX)

It was the 15th launch and landing for this particular booster, according to a SpaceX mission description. Twelve of those flights have been Starlink missions.

The Falcon 9’s upper stage hauled the 20 Starlink satellites to low Earth orbit, deploying them there about an hour after liftoff as planned, SpaceX reported in a post on X.

Sunday’s launch was the 115th Falcon 9 flight of the year. Nearly 70% of those liftoffs have been devoted to building out Starlink, the largest satellite constellation ever assembled.

The megaconstellation currently consists of more than 6,600 active satellites, and, as Sunday’s mission shows, it’s growing all the time.



Source link

Continue Reading

California

Northern California driver dies after vehicle found in floodwaters, 1 other found dead

Published

on

Northern California driver dies after vehicle found in floodwaters, 1 other found dead


PIX Now morning edition 11-23-24

Advertisement


PIX Now morning edition 11-23-24

09:29

Advertisement

SONOMA COUNTY – A man died when he was found in a flooded vehicle after an atmospheric river dumped heavy rain in Northern California, authorities said.

In Sonoma County’s Guerneville, first responders responded to a report around 11:30 a.m. Saturday for a vehicle that was seen in floodwaters near Mays Canyon Road and Highway 116.

The caller believed that at least one person was inside the vehicle.

When crews arrived, they said the vehicle was recovered but a man was pronounced dead at the scene. He has not been identified.

The Russian River, which flows through Guerneville, reached the flood stage on Friday evening and exceeded what was forecasted.

Advertisement

This area went into a flood warning around 2 p.m. Friday and was still in place as of Saturday afternoon.

Guerneville is about 75 miles north of San Francisco.

Around 8:45 a.m. Saturday in Santa Rosa, a man was found dead in Piner Creek just south of Guerneville Road, the police department said. His death is being investigated. 

Advertisement



Source link

Continue Reading

California

Laura Richardson completes a political comeback, winning tight race to represent South L.A. in the California Capitol

Published

on

Laura Richardson completes a political comeback, winning tight race to represent South L.A. in the California Capitol


Laura Richardson emerged the victor of the competitive, costly and feisty election to win a South Los Angeles seat in the state Senate — completing her political comeback more than 10 years after a tumultuous tenure in the House of Representatives.

Richardson narrowly won the race against Michelle Chambers, a community justice advocate who faced accusations of misconduct in prior public office. The Associated Press called the race Friday after weeks of ballot counting.

The contest between two Democrats with similar social policies but differing views on crime and business attracted huge spending by special interests.

Independent expenditure committees poured more than $7.6 million into the race, making it the most expensive election for state Legislature this year, according to California Target Book, a political database. Negative campaigning dominated the race as business interests and labor unions battled for their favored candidate.

Advertisement

Richardson, a moderate Democrat, will join a Democratic supermajority in the Legislature. But Republicans are on track to flip three legislative seats this year, one in the Senate and two in the Assembly.

Richardson’s biggest supporters were businesses, including PACs funded by oil companies, and law enforcement associations that said they advocated for candidates who shared their beliefs on free enterprise and public safety. Meanwhile, Chambers’ biggest portion of support came from healthcare workers and teachers unions, who spent millions of dollars backing her.

Chambers wrote in a statement she was “proud of the campaign we ran,” thanking supporters who canvassed, phone-banked or cast votes for her “vision of better jobs, better wages and a California that works for everybody, not just the wealthy and well-connected.”

“This was the closest state senate race in the state, but unfortunately it appears that we will fall just short of victory,” she added. “Our people-powered efforts were not quite enough to overcome millions of dollars in outside spending on lies from the oil and tobacco industry and their allies.“

Richardson will succeed Sen. Steven Bradford (D-Gardena) in the 35th District, which encompasses the cities of Carson, Compton and stretches down to the harbor. Bradford, who had endorsed Chambers, said he believed both candidates were “qualified to do the job.”

Advertisement

Bradford, who championed reparations legislation during his tenure, hoped the future senator would be “willing to meet with all factions of the community, because it’s a great diverse need in this district.”

“I’m also deeply sad to see how negative this campaign was, probably one of the most negative campaigns I’ve experienced in my 30-plus years of being involved with elections,” he said. “I just hope that we can come together after such a negative campaign, regardless of who the victor is, and understand that we have to work together.”

Richardson and Chambers took aim at each other’s past controversies. For Chambers, who had picked up the endorsement of various state and local elected officials, opposition groups seized on a criminal misdemeanor charge from 30 years ago. She was also accused of bullying and intimidation from her time as a Compton City Council member, allegations that she has repeatedly denied.

Richardson faced criticism over her tenure in Congress, where a House Ethics Committee investigation found her guilty in 2012 of compelling congressional staff to work on her campaign. The committee report also accused Richardson of obstructing the committee investigation “through the alteration or destruction of evidence” and “the deliberate failure to produce documents.”

Richardson admitted to wrongdoing, according to the report, and accepted a reprimand and $10,000 fine for the violations. She previously said that during her time in Congress, Republicans frequently targeted members of the Black Caucus. After she lost her reelection bid for a fourth term, Richardson said she worked at an employment firm to improve her managerial skills and has recognized previous mistakes.

Advertisement

“It’s been said voters are very forgiving, and if you stand up and you accept responsibility and you improve in the work that you do — we need people who’ve been through things, who understand what it’s like to have had difficulties,” she previously told The Times. “And so that’s exactly what I did. I didn’t shy away from it.”



Source link

Continue Reading

Trending