California
California Storm: Power Outages, Wind, Rain | Weather.com
- At least three people were killed by falling trees in California.
- Rivers of mud rushed through streets in the Los Angeles area.
- An avalanche was reported in the Lee Canyon area of Nevada, about 30 miles northwest of Las Vegas.
A powerful atmospheric river left at least three people dead in California, knocked out power to hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses and sent search-and-rescue crews scrambling to an avalanche near Las Vegas.
More than 10 inches of rain have fallen in some parts of California and wind gusts well over 100 mph have been reported in some higher elevations.
(MORE: Where We Expect The Rain To Continue)
The flooding is expected to persist into Tuesday, so here’s the latest news on the areas hit hardest.
Death Toll Increased To 3
At least three people were reported dead in the storm.
Among those who died were two men killed by fallen trees Sunday in Carmichael, a suburb of Sacramento, and in Boulder Creek in Santa Cruz County. Police had previously confirmed the death of another man in Yuba City, about 100 miles northeast of San Francisco, who was found under a redwood tree in his backyard Sunday.
Update On Historic Rainfall Totals From Southern California
Downtown Los Angeles picked up 7.03 inches of rain Sunday and Monday, which ranks as the third-most for any two-day period on record for the city.
The highest rainfall total in the Los Angeles area is 11.81 inches in Bel Air.
Los Angeles City Reports Hundreds Of Mudslides
A report from the Los Angeles Fire Department says there had been 307 mudslides in its area of responsibility as of 4:15 p.m. local time on Monday. Thirty-five buildings will need to be inspected due to either mudslides or slope failures, and five buildings have been red-tagged, meaning no entry is allowed.
See The ‘Firehose’ In Action
When we talk about an atmospheric river, this satellite loop of moisture is a perfect example. Watch the way the “firehose” of moisture just points at one area of Southern California and stays locked in for hours. It’s the reason why some parts of the region got 10 to 12 inches of rain during this event.
Here’s The Scene In The Higher Elevations

In this photo provided by the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area, a truck is covered in snow in Mammoth Lakes, California, on Monday, Feb. 5, 2024.
(Hudson Henry/Mammoth Mountain Ski Area via AP)
It wasn’t just the rain that fell near the coast – in the higher elevations, snow was plentiful, which was a welcomed sight to some ski areas. At Mammoth Mountain, up to 3 feet of snow fell in 24 hours, according to the ski resort’s website.
It was a much-needed boost to California’s snowpack, which was barely half of average a week ago.
Ski patrols were out surveying the slopes for any avalanche danger, and as a result, chairlift delays were expected at the resort.
Here were Monday’s updates as the storm pummeled the region:
(7:09 p.m. ET) The Rain Isn’t Over Yet
From weather.com digital meteorologist Madeline Scheinost: The heaviest of the rain will continue through Tuesday in parts of Southern California, with a flood threat continuing through tomorrow there. In the northern part of the state, showers are still lingering bringing a more localized flood threat.
See the full forecast here.
(6:57 p.m. ET) Everyone Safe In Nevada Avalanche
Las Vegas police just issued this update: “Four people were initially reported missing. Everyone has been located and is safe. We are currently assisting people off the mountain.”
(6:52 p.m. ET) Cars, Emergency Vehicles Stuck On Road At Lee Canyon After Avalanche
Cars and emergency vehicles are stuck and a line of traffic is backed up waiting to get out of Lee Canyon, according to a social media post.
(6:39 p.m. ET) Las Vegas Police Ask Public To Stay Away From Avalanche Area
The avalanche is in the Lee Canyon – Mt. Charleston area, according to an email from the Las Vegas Metro Police Department.
“Residents and the public are urged to avoid the area,” the email said. “LVMPD Search and Rescue is responding due to several people being reported missing at this time.”

(6:02 p.m. ET) Several People Reported Missing In Lee Canyon, Nevada, Avalanche
From a social media post a few minutes ago by Las Vegas Metro Police: “Metro Police Search & Rescue is en route. We are trying to locate several people who are reported missing.
Conditions are hazardous due to the weather. Please avoid the area until the weather and conditions improve. We will have more information soon.”
(5:47 p.m. ET) Avalanche Reported In Nevada
Emergency officials are responding to an avalanche in Lee Canyon, Nevada. The exact location wasn’t clear, but the area is home to the Lee Canyon ski area, located about 30 miles northwest of Las Vegas.
The area is under a winter storm warning until 10 p.m. local time Tuesday night.
A post on the ski area’s Facebook page earlier today noted 11.5 inches of new snowfall over the previous 24 hours.
“If you’re coming up to the mountain, anticipate delays & snow chain restrictions,” the post Drive carefully y’all.”
(5:11 p.m. ET) Storm Ramps Up Avalanche Danger
Avalanche warnings are in place for much of the Sierra Nevada.
From the Eastern Sierra Avalanche Center: “Though snowfall rates peaked early last night, wind loading onto a snowpack with a weak base will continue to create very dangerous avalanche conditions today. Very large natural avalanches from above threaten the slopes below. Avoid being on or underneath steep terrain until the snowpack adjusts to the new load.”
Here’s what to know.
(4:49 p.m. ET) Evacuations Canceled For Santa Barbara County, Schools Reopening Tomorrow
Evacuation orders in Santa Barbara County were lifted at noon local time, or 3 p.m. ET. Residents are advised to be aware of road conditions and watch out for loose or fallings, according to the latest update from the county.
Most schools in the area will reopen tomorrow, with the exception of three that are still being assessed.
(4:28 p.m. ET) Climate Change Is Turbocharging Atmospheric Rivers
“These rivers of moisture in the atmosphere are not new and are vital to the West Coast as a major source of water and snowpack,” weather.com meteorologist Kait Parker says. “But 85 percent of flooding in this region is caused by atmospheric rivers.”
These kinds of storms are only expected to get more extreme as our atmosphere and oceans warm, pumping more moisture into the air.
Learn more from Parker here.
(4:15 p.m. ET) Still A Steady Rain
From weather.com senior meteorologist Jonathan Erdman: While it’s not the type of heavy rain you’ll see in Florida in summer, rainfall rates in parts of L.A. County from near LAX to the San Fernando Valley are still from one-quarter to one-half inch per hour.
Even at those modest rates, this rain cannot soak into saturated ground. And those rates are high enough to trigger additional flooding, rockslides and debris flows.
A flash flood warning continues for the Santa Monica Mountains and Hollywood hills until 3 pm PT, or 7 p.m. ET.
(3:55 p.m. ET) Power Outages Drop Below 400,000
After peaking at nearly a million late Sunday night, the number of power outages reported statewide dropped to less than 400,000, according to PowerOutage.us. Most are customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, the state’s biggest utility provider. Santa Clara County had the most outages, around 56,000.
(2:48 p.m. ET) Protect Yourself From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
With hundreds of thousands of power outages still being reported in California, it’s important to remember to never run a portable generator in any enclosed space or close to one. Doing so can cause deadly carbon monoxide poisoning. Here are some other ways to stay safe:
-Make sure you have battery powered carbon monoxide detectors in your home. The International Association of Fire Chiefs recommends at least one per level, and that they be placed less than 10 feet from bedroom doors.
-Know the proper operating procedures for your generator.
-Position portable generators outdoors well anyway from any structure. Experts recommend at least 15 to 20 feet, but that can vary according to wind and other conditions.
-Inspect and test run your generator annually.
-Using outdoor grills or other alternative heating devices inside can also cause carbon monoxide poisoning.
(2:23 p.m. ET) Second Death Connected To Storm
A person was killed in Boulder Creek, near Santa Cruz, when a tree fell onto a home.
First responders were called to the scene around 3:20 p.m. local time Sunday.
“One resident made it out of the house but another was trapped inside,” Ashley Keehn, public information for the Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office, told weather.com in a phone call a few minutes ago.
“Unfortunately the resident inside sustained injuries from the tree falling into the home and was pronounced dead at the scene.”
The death is the second confirmed to be connected to the storm. The first was in Yuba City, located north of Sacramento in Sutter County.
(1:58 p.m. ET) Rainfall Tops 10 Inches
Here are the latest rainfall numbers from Los Angeles County:
-Topanga, 10.8 inches
–Stunt Ranch, 10.75 inches
–Bel Air, 10.59 inches
-Woodland Hills, 10.4 inches

Cars sit buried by a mudslide, Monday, Feb. 5, 2024, in the Beverly Crest area of Los Angeles.
(AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
(1:50 p.m. ET) Resident Describes Moment Mudslide Hit Neighborhood
Travis Longcore, who lives in the Beverly Glen area of Los Angeles, told KTLA-TV a house near his was washed away.
“We heard a very loud rumbling sound and thought something exploded. But it was the house, probably powered by a debris flow, coming out into the road…it then hit another house and crushed a carport next to our property,” Longcore said.
No one was hurt, but the contents of the home – including a piano – were washed into the street.
“[The mudslide] sheared off the gas line … my neighbor was out and noticed the gas line and I was starting to smell it,” Longcore said “So, we all basically self-evacuated and the fire department came and evacuated another person who was unable to get out through her front door.”
(1:28 p.m. ET) It’s Not Just Rain
Snow is piling up in higher elevation ski areas as the storm moves through. These are some of the highest 24-hour totals:
–Mammoth Mountain, 33 inches
–June Mountain Ski, 31 inches
–Northstar Ski, 27 inches
(1:04 p.m. ET) Shelters Open Around Los Angeles
At least seven shelters are open in the Los Angeles area. Five are for affected residents and two are for large animals including horses and livestock. The city’s Emergency Management Department has this map listing the locations, as well as area road closures and evacuations.
(12:48 p.m. ET) Dangerous Weather Heading East
From weather.com senior meteorologist Dina Knightly: “The heavy rainfall and flooding in Southern California will move into Arizona Tuesday and Wednesday. Rainfall up to 1.5 inches is possible in some areas, with excessive runoff causing flooding along creeks and streams. Road closures are likely and residents should remain alert.”
(12:35 p.m. ET) Power Outages Dropping
About 500,000 power outages are being reported statewide, down from nearly a million late last night, according to PowerOutage.us. Most are customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, California’s largest utility provider.
“PG & E has more than 3,000 employees engaged in this event to assess damage, make repairs and handle emergency calls, and hundreds more staffed in emergency operations support centers across our service area,” the company said in a news release.
“Members of the public should use caution and remain vigilant for hazards including weakened trees, flooding and downed power lines.”

A garage door is seen damaged by a storm, Monday, Feb. 5, 2024, in Studio City, California.
(AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
(12:20 p.m. ET) Los Angeles Resident: ‘I Can’t Believe It’
Keki Mingus, who lives in the Studio City section of Los Angeles, told The Associated Press she received a text Sunday night alerting her that a nearby home was in trouble.
“Mud, rocks and water came rushing down through their house and another neighbor’s house and into our street,” Mingus said as water continued to rush down the road around dawn on Monday. “I can’t believe it. It looks like a river that’s been here for years. I’ve never seen anything like it.”

Mud and debris are strewn on Fryman Road during a rain storm, Monday, Feb. 5, 2024, in Studio City California.
(AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
(12:06 p.m. ET) Latest Photos Show Damaged Vehicles, Mud Rushing Down Streets
Los Angeles

Jeffrey Raines clears debris from a mudslide at a parent’s home during a rainstorm, Monday, Feb. 5, 2024, in Los Angeles.
(AP Photo/Ethan Swope)
Studio City

A car is damaged by debris from a storm, Monday, Feb. 5, 2024, in Studio City, California.
(AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
(11:20 a.m. ET) Water Rushes Through Santa Barbara Botanic Garden
Video posted by the garden shows a muddy torrent of water from Mission Creek rushing over a historic dam yesterday.
The area is normally accessible by walking, but was closed due to the weather.
“However, thanks to the work of our grounds crew and volunteers, trails and areas along the creek are holding up and there is no damage to the garden,” an update posted to social media.
Portions of the garden will reopen today.
(10:51 a.m. ET) Sierra Nevada Winds Gust Up To 162 MPH
“The Sierra Nevada is known for some prolific wind gusts in these kinds of storms, but this is impressive even by those standards,” weather.com senior meteorologist Chris Dolce says.
The Sierra Nevada mountain range runs along the California-Nevada border and includes Mt. Whitney and Yosemite National Park.
Here’s a look at some of the peak wind gusts at the highest elevations in the region:
–Alpine Meadows/Ward Mountain, 162 mph
–Palisades Tahoe/Siberia, 148 mph
–Mammoth Mountain Summit, 125 mph
(10:20 a.m. ET) Mud And Debris Flows Force Residents From Homes In Los Angeles
More than a dozen people had to be evacuated from the Laurel Canyon area as a rushing torrent of rocks, mud and other debris flowed down a hill on a residential street.
The Weather Channel’s Justin Michaels is on the scene.
(10:08 a.m. ET) 10 People, Including A Baby, Rescued From Vehicles
First responders pulled several people from vehicles stuck on a flooded road in the Topanga Canyon area of Los Angeles County, KCAL-TV reported. Those rescued included a baby.
Rescues were ongoing in the area overnight. Besides flooding, boulders and mud also blocked some roads.
Evacuation orders were in place in the area due to fears of mudslides and debris flows in wildfire burn scar areas.
(9:15 a.m. ET) These Are The Top Rain Totals So Far
Some staggering rainfall totals are coming in from the National Weather Service, and there’s plenty more rain on the way. These are two-day totals:
-Topanga Canyon: 9.94 inches
-Stunt Ranch: 9.86 inches
-Sepulveda Canyon: 9.57 inches
-Woodland Hills: 9.29 inches
-Bel Air: 9.25 inches
(8:50 a.m. ET) Rescues Ongoing Amid The Floods
Dangerous conditions have prompted more water rescues in parts of Southern California. In areas where burn scars from past wildfires are still present, mudslides and debris flows have also occurred.
We have new visuals coming in from the areas hit hardest; meteorologist Domenica Davis walks you through it all here.
(8:25 a.m. ET) As Santa Barbara Flooded, Police Went Door-To-Door
As roads became swamped and creeks were overwhelmed with flood water, some police in Santa Barbara needed armored vehicles to traverse the flooded roads and go door-to-door to evacuate residents, NBC News reported. This was occurring last night.
Several parts of the city were placed under mandatory evacuations as the flooding worsened.

A police officer notifies a resident of rising floods during a rainstorm, Sunday, Feb. 4, 2024, in Santa Barbara, Calif.
(AP Photo/Ethan Swope)
(8 a.m. ET) California Storm, By The Numbers
102 mph: Top wind gust report. This was clocked on Sunday at Pablo Point in Marin County.
9.86 inches: Top rainfall report at Stunt Ranch Reserve in the Santa Monica Mountains at 1,305 feet in elevation.
6 feet: This is the upper range of how much snow was expected to fall in the highest elevations of the Sierra Nevada. No totals this high have been measured yet, but this is what the forecast called for.
(7:40 a.m. ET) Authorities Confirm Death In Yuba City
In a social media post late Sunday night, the Yuba City Police Department confirmed that a man was killed when a redwood tree fell on top of him. It was the first death confirmed to be caused by the atmospheric river storm striking California.
“Paramedics began lifesaving measures, however, the male was never revived,” said the police department. Through the investigation, it appeared he was possibly using a ladder to try and clear the tree away from his residence when it fell on him.”
It’s believed that the tree fell some time around 5 p.m. local time Sunday.
“This was an unfortunate accident and our condolences are with the male’s family and friends,” the post also read.
(7:15 a.m. ET) Where’s The Biggest Concern This Morning?
From weather.com senior meteorologist Chris Dolce:
The most persistent rain through the morning rush hour will be over much of the Los Angeles metro area. In particular, locations from the Santa Monica Mountains eastward through Hollywood Hills and Beverly Hills areas are seeing the most serious flooding, which is where 5 to 9 inches of rain has fallen, prompting the National Weather Service to issue a “particularly dangerous situation” flash flood warning.
Locations farther south, from around downtown Los Angeles to around Oceanside, are in flood advisories for light to moderate rainfall. Commuters this morning could see flooded roads and should avoid driving through any floodwaters.
(6:30 a.m. ET) Nearly 600,000 Customers Still Without Power
Though the numbers declined overnight, some 587,000 homes and businesses are still in the dark across California, according to PowerOutage.us.
If you’re ever facing a power outage, these tips will be very helpful to remember.
(5:30 a.m. ET) Los Angeles Picks Up A Month’s Worth Of Rain In One Day
Downtown Los Angeles was soaked by 4.1 inches of rain on Sunday. That’s more than the city averages in the entire month of February (3.64 inches). It was also enough to clinch their third-wettest February day on record.
Over the last two days, L.A. has recorded 5.48 inches of rain. The city needs at least 5.58 inches of rain to clinch one of their 10 wettest two-day stretches on record.
(5:09 a.m. ET) ‘Particularly Dangerous Situation’ Flash Flood Warning In Effect
The National Weather Service (NWS) issued this urgent flash flood warning for the Hollywood Hills area and near the Santa Monica Mountains until 9 a.m. local time. A report from the NWS stated there was excessive street flooding in the area with multiple vehicles floating in the Hollywood Hills to Sherman Oaks and Studio City areas.
(5:00 a.m. ET) More Than 100 Reports Of Flooding, Landslides
Since this storm began, there have been at least 101 reports of flooding and landslides submitted to the National Weather Services across the state of California. The blue icons in this map below show where those flooding and landslide reports are located.

You can read our updates from Sunday here.
The Weather Company’s primary journalistic mission is to report on breaking weather news, the environment and the importance of science to our lives.
California
Neil Thwaites promoted to ‘Vice President of Global Sales & California Commercial Performance’ for Alaska Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines – Alaska Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines and Horizon Air
Thwaites will lead the strategy and execution of all sales activities for the combined Alaska Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines team. His responsibilities include growing indirect revenue on Alaska’s expanding international and domestic network, as well as expanding Atmos for Business, a new program designed for small- and medium-sized companies.
Thwaites joined Alaska Airlines in January 2022 as regional vice president in California. Since stepping into the role, Thwaites has significantly sharpened the airline’s focus and scale in key markets and communities across the state, strengthening Alaska’s position as we continue to grow in California. He will continue to be based at the company’s California offices in Burlingame. The moves take effect Dec. 13, with Thwaites also continuing to lead his current California commercial planning and performance function in addition to Global Sales.
Prior to Alaska, Thwaites worked in multiple positions within the airline industry, including a decade holding roles in London, New York, and Los Angeles for British Airways (a fellow oneworld member); most recently as ‘VP, Sales – Western USA’, where he was responsible for market development strategy and indirect revenue for both British Airways and Iberia across the western U.S.
Thwaites is originally from the United Kingdom and graduated from the University of Brighton with a double honors degree in Business Administration & Law.
California
Tiny tracker following monarch butterflies during California migration
SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) — When this monarch butterfly hits the sky it won’t be traveling alone. In fact, an energetic team of researchers will be following along with a revolutionary technology that’s already unlocking secrets that could help the entire species survive.
“I’ve described this technology as a spaceship compared to the wheel, like using a using a spaceship compared to the invention of the wheel. It’s teaching us so, so much more,” says Ray Moranz, Ph.D., a pollinator conservation specialist with the Xerces Society.
Moranz is part of a team that’s been placing tiny tracking devices on migrating monarchs. The collaboration is known as Project Monarch Science. It leverages solar powered radio tags that are so light they don’t affect the butterfly’s ability to fly. And they’re allowing researchers to track the Monarch’s movements in precise detail. With some 400 tags in place, the group already been able to get a nearly real time picture of monarch migrations east of the Rockies, with some populations experiencing dramatic twists and turns before making to wintering grounds in Mexico.
“They’re trying to go southward to Mexico. They can’t fight the winds. Instead, some of them were letting themselves be carried 50 miles north, 100 miles north, 200 miles the wrong way, which we are all extremely alarmed by and for good reason. Some of these monarchs, their migration was delayed by two or three weeks.
According to estimates, migrating monarch populations have dropped by roughly 80% or more across the country. And the situation with coastal species here in California is especially dire. Blake Barbaree is a senior scientist with Point Blue Conservation Science. He and his colleagues are tracking Northern California populations now clustered around Santa Cruz.
MORE: Monarch butterflies to be listed as a threatened species in US
“This year, there’s it’s one of the lowest, populations recorded in the winter. And the core zones have been in Santa Cruz County and up in Marin County. So we’ve undertaken an effort to understand how the monarchs are really using these different groves around Santa Cruz by tagging some in the state parks around town,” Barbaree explains.
He says being able to track individual monarchs could help identify microhabitats in the area that help them survive, ranging from backyard pollinator gardens to protected open space to forest groves.
“So we’re really getting a great insight to how reliant they are on these big trees, but also the surrounding area and people’s even backyards. And then along the way around the coast, how they’re transitioning among some of these groves. And we’re looking for some of the triggers for those movements. Right. Why are they doing this and what’s what’s driving them to do that? So those questions are still a little bit further out as we get to analyze some more some more of the data,” he believes.
And that data is getting even more precise. The tags, developed by Cellular Tracking Technologies, can be monitored from dedicated listening stations. But the company is also able to crowdsource signals detected by cellphone networks on phones with Bluetooth connectivity and location access activated. And they’ve also helped develop an app that allows volunteers, citizen scientists, and the general public to track and report Monarch locations themselves using their smartphones.
CEO Michael Lanzone says the initial response has been overwhelming.
MORE: New butterflies introduced in SF’s Presidio after species went extinct in 1940s
“We were super surprised to see 3,000 people download the monarch app. It’s like, you know, but people really love monarchs. There’s something that people just relate to,” says Lanzone who like many staffers at Cellular Tracking Technologies, has a background in wildlife ecology.
A number of groups are pushing to have the monarchs designated nationally as a threatened species. If that ultimately happens, researchers believe the tracking data could help put better protections in place.
“They’re highly vulnerable to, you know, some of the different things that that that we as humans do around using pesticides and also potentially cutting, you know, cutting down trees for various reasons. Sometimes they’re for safety and sometimes it’s, you know, for development. But so having an understanding of how we can do those things more sensibly and protect the places that they need the most,” says Point Blue’s Barbaree.
And it’s happening with the help of researchers, citizen scientists, and a technology weighing no more than a few grains of rice.
The smartphone app is called Project Monarch Science. You can download it for free and begin tracking.
Copyright © 2025 KGO-TV. All Rights Reserved.
California
Poisonings from ‘death cap’ mushrooms in California prompt warning against foraging
After a string of poisonings from “death cap” mushrooms — one of them fatal — California health officials are urging residents not to eat any foraged mushrooms unless they are trained experts.
Doctors in the San Francisco Bay Area have blamed the wild mushroom, also called Amanita phalloides, for 23 poisoning cases reported to the California Poison Control System since Nov. 18, according to Dr. Craig Smollin, medical director for the system’s San Francisco division.
“All of these patients were involved with independently foraging the mushrooms from the wild,” Smollin, who is a professor of emergency medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, said at a news conference Tuesday. “They all developed symptoms within the first 24 hours, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.”
Smollin said some of the patients were parts of cohorts that had consumed the same batch of foraged mushrooms. The largest group was about seven people, he said.
All of the patients were hospitalized, at least briefly. One died. Five remain in hospital care. One has received a liver transplant, and another is on a donation list awaiting a transplant, Smollin said. The patients are 1½ to 56 years old.
Mushroom collectors said death cap mushrooms are more prevalent in parts of California this season than in years past, which could be driving the increase in poisonings.
“Any mushroom has years that it’s prolific and years that it is not. … It’s having a very good season,” said Mike McCurdy, president of the Mycological Society of San Francisco. He added that the death cap was one of the top two species he identified during an organized group hunt for fungi last week, called a foray.
In a news release, Dr. Erica Pan, California’s state public health officer, warned that “because the death cap can easily be mistaken for edible safe mushrooms, we advise the public not to forage for wild mushrooms at all during this high-risk season.”
Dr. Cyrus Rangan, a pediatrician and medical toxicologist with the California Poison Control System, said the “blanket warning” is needed because most people do not have the expertise to identify which mushrooms are safe to eat.
Still, he said, “it’s rare to see a case series like this.”
The California Poison Control System said in a news release that some of the affected patients speak Spanish and might be relying on foraging practices honed outside the United States. Death cap mushrooms look similar to other species in the Amanita genus that are commonly eaten in Central American countries, according to Heather Hallen-Adams, the toxicology chair of the North American Mycological Association. Because death caps are not often found in that region, foragers might not realize the potential risk of lookalikes in California, she said.
Anne Pringle, a professor of mycology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said there is a litany of poisoning cases in which people misidentify something because their experience is not relevant to a new region: “That’s a story that comes up over and over again.”
Over the past 10 years, mushroom foraging has boomed in the Bay Area and other parts of the country. At the same time, information resources about mushroom toxicity — reliable and otherwise — have proliferated, as well, including on social media, phone apps and artificial intelligence platforms. Experts said those sources should be viewed with skepticism.
Longtime mushroom hunters maintain that the practice can be done safely. McCurdy, who has collected and identified mushrooms since the 1970s, said he bristled at the broad discouragement of foraging.
“No, that’s ridiculous. … After an incident like this, their first instinct is to say don’t forage,” he said. “Experienced mushroom collectors won’t pay any attention to that.”
But McCurdy suggested that people seek expertise from local mycological societies, which are common in California, and think critically about the sources of information their lives may be relying on.
Pringle and McCurdy both said they have seen phone apps and social media forums misidentify mushrooms.
“I have seen AI-generated guidebooks that are dangerous,” Pringle said.
The death cap is an invasive species that originated in Europe and came to California in the 1930s, most likely with imported nursery trees. The mushroom is usually a few inches tall with white gills, a pale yellow or green cap and often a ring around the base of its stalk.
The species is found across the West Coast and the Eastern Seaboard, as well as in Florida and Texas, according to Hallen-Adams, who is also an associate professor of food science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
In California, it typically grows near oak trees, though occasionally pines, too. The mushroom’s body is typically connected to tree roots and grows in a symbiotic relationship with them.
The toxin in death cap mushrooms, called amatoxin, can damage the kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract if it is ingested. It disrupts the transcription of genetic code and the production of proteins, which can lead to cell death.
Hallen-Adams said the U.S. Poison Centers average about 52 calls involving amatoxin each year, but “a lot of things don’t get called into poison centers — take that with a grain of salt.”
Amatoxin poisoning is not the most common type from mushrooms, but it is the most dangerous, she added: “90% of lethal poisonings worldwide are going to be amatoxin.”
It takes remarkably little to sicken a person.
“One cubic centimeter of a mushroom ingested could be a fatal dose,” Hallen-Adams said.
Symptoms of amatoxin poisoning often develop within several hours, then improve before they worsen. There is no standard set of medical interventions that doctors rely on.
“It’s a very difficult mushroom to test for,” Rangan said, and “also very difficult to treat.”
One drug that doctors have leaned on to treat some of the California patients — called silibinin — is still experimental and difficult to obtain.
“All of our silibinin comes from Europe,” Hallen-Adams said.
Death cap mushrooms have continued to grow abundantly since their introduction, and Pringle’s research has shown that the species can reproduce bisexually and unisexually — with a mate or by itself, alone — which gives it an evolutionary advantage.
“If Eve can make more of herself, she doesn’t need Adam,” Pringle said. “One of the things I’m really interested in is how you might stop the invasion, how you might cure a habitat of its death caps. And I have no solutions to offer you at the moment.”
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