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Street Smarts: How Gadsden came to purchase Southern Arizona

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Street Smarts: How Gadsden came to purchase Southern Arizona


James Gadsden, ambassador to Mexico, bought the land south of the Gila River from Mexico in 1853, an space first referred to as the Gadsden Buy, now Southern Arizona. His title lives on in the present day in Gadsden Peak and Gadsden, Arizona, amongst different locations.

Gadsden was born on Could 15, 1788 in Charleston, South Carolina. He was the grandson of Christopher Gadsden, who was elected to the First Continental Congress, served as a brigadier basic within the Continental Military through the American Revolution, and can be the namesake of the well-known Gadsden Flag, with its yellow background, coiled rattlesnake and the “Do not Tread On Me” phrase.

Gadsden graduated from Yale School (now Yale College) in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1806, earlier than returning house to town of his start the place he was concerned in enterprise for a time.

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Gadsden Buy Historic Marker close to Casa Grande, Az

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By the Warfare of 1812, through which the USA fought Nice Britain for the second time in lower than half a century, he had been appointed as lieutenant of engineers within the U.S. Military, engaged on defenses of the Gulf Coast which continued after the conflict. At one level he turned aide-de-camp to Common Andrew Jackson, later president of the USA.

In 1818, he first set foot in Spanish Florida accompanying Jackson through the First Seminole Warfare in an effort to assist reconstruct {a partially} destroyed fort on the Apalachicola River. When the fort was accomplished Jackson named it Fort Gadsden. 

By 1820, he had earned the rank of colonel within the army and the next 12 months was put in command of establishing army posts in what quickly turned referred to as the Florida Territory, which had lately turn out to be part of the nation.

In 1822, he left the army however remained within the service of the U.S. authorities probably as a surveyor and highway builder. In 1823, he was appointed commissioner in command of eradicating the Seminole tribe from the northern a part of the Florida Territory to a central reservation because of the Treaty of Moultrie Creek. 

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James Gadsden



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In 1824, he turned a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida and arrange a plantation within the Tallahassee space. Three years later he returned house quickly to marry Susan Gibbes Hort of Charleston; the coupling would produce no kids.

In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Elimination Act authorizing the resettlement of Native People to lands west of the Mississippi River  in an space referred to as Indian Territory, which later turned Oklahoma. Gadsden negotiated the Treaty of Payne’s Touchdown with quite a few Seminole leaders in 1832, which referred to as for the tribe to maneuver inside three years.

When Chief Osceola and another Seminoles refused to depart the Florida Territory, the Second Seminole Warfare broke out and Gadsden discovered himself as soon as once more within the U.S. army not less than for a interval. In time the Seminoles and Black Seminoles, the latter of whom didn’t have tribal membership, had been relocated west.






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The Gadsden Buy (Pg. 1)




Gadsden, whereas residing within the Florida Territory over a number of years, tried to get elected as consultant of the territory to the U.S. Congress a number of occasions however was defeated every time.

In 1839 he moved again to Charleston completely and have become concerned within the growth of southern commerce. The next 12 months he turned president of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad, a mission to carry commerce in from the Midwest to Charleston, though this proved to be unsuccessful.

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The enterprise was reincorporated because the South Carolina Rail Street three years later, with the intention of making commerce with the Midwest and in addition with the Pacific Coast. Whereas an enthusiastic supporter of this enterprise, he was ousted by shareholders of the corporate in 1850.

Nonetheless decided to create a transcontinental railroad to the Pacific, Gadsden deliberate a route alongside the Gila River by means of the Territory of New Mexico (present-day Arizona and New Mexico) to the coast. He realized that buying land in Sonora, Mexico, south of the Gila River, would assist make this occur.


Gadsden Peak and Gadsden, Arizona map.


Chiara Bautista

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His alternative got here in Could 1853, when U.S. President Franklin Pierce appointed him Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico — now extra generally known as Ambassador to Mexico.

On this official place he negotiated with Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and Mexican International Minister Manuel Diaz de Bonilla for the sale of practically 30,000 sq. miles — that later turned Southern Arizona and part of southern New Mexico — in change for $10 million, in what was referred to as the Gadsden Buy or the Treaty of La Mesilla.

This treaty was signed on Dec. 30, 1853 and ratified by the U.S. Senate on June 24, 1854.

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It is unknown if Gadsden ever visited Tucson, which at this level consisted of a small Spanish-speaking inhabitants that resided contained in the Mexican presidio or fort with probably a couple of small adobe constructions exterior of the fort partitions. The Acedo, Burrel and Gallego households had been just some of the households that referred to as Tucson house.

By 1856, Tucson had formally turned a part of Dona Ana County, Territory of New Mexico, United States. The Mexican troops that had stayed on to guard the townspeople from Apache raids left, with part of the city’s inhabitants, for Sonora, Mexico.

Gadsden remained in Mexico following the profitable land buy however was unable to have an affect in Mexican politics and finally was recalled by the U.S. authorities. He returned house to Charleston, South Carolina and died there on Dec. 26, 1858.

His dream of a transcontinental southern railroad route from California to South Carolina by no means occurred and it wasn’t till the Eighties that the Southern Pacific Railroad constructed a line from California to Louisiana.

At this time, a number of place names within the nation are named for him or his well-known land buy, together with Battery Gadsden on Sullivan’s Island, South Carolina; Gadsden County, Florida; Gadsden, Alabama; and Gadsden, Arizona.

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In 1953, in celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Gadsden Buy, West Twin Peak in Organ Pipe Cactus Nationwide Monument, southwest of Tucson  close to the Arizona-Sonora border, was renamed Gadsden Peak, in honor of James Gadsden and the Gadsden Buy.

David Leighton is a historian and creator of “The Historical past of the Hughes Missile Plant in Tucson, 1947-1960.” He has been featured on PBS, ABC, Journey Channel, varied radio exhibits, and his work has appeared in Arizona Highways. He named 4 native streets in honor of pioneers Federico and Lupe Ronstadt and barrel racer Sherry Cervi. You probably have a road to recommend for a column, or a narrative to share, e mail him at azjournalist21@gmail.com

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Arizona

Tommy Lloyd Giving Arizona Wildcats Mandatory Break During Holidays

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Tommy Lloyd Giving Arizona Wildcats Mandatory Break During Holidays


This season has not gone as many expected for Arizona.

After coming into the year ranked No. 10 in preseason polls, the Wildcats quickly dropped out of the picture following losses to Wisconsin and Duke which were a precursor of what was to come.

Arizona went into the Battle 4 Atlantis tournament as one of the favorites, and after beating Davidson in their first-round matchup by over 30 points, it looked like they had gotten things back on track and were ready to play like the team many expected them to be.

But, alarm bells went off when they lost back-to-back games against Oklahoma and West Virginia that pushed them under .500 for the first time in the Tommy Lloyd era, and also the first time in 14 years.

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Since then, Arizona has taken care of business against the lesser opponents on their schedule but failed to win against UCLA despite being in control for the majority of that contest.

The Wildcats closed out their non-conference schedule in style following that loss, bludgeoning Samford and Central Michigan to head into the holiday break feeling more positive about what they can accomplish going forward, while also having a lot to think about.

Lloyd and the players know this wasn’t the early-season stretch they wanted, but he gave his team a clear directive during this break; take time away from basketball.

“Rest, relax, love your family, hang out. That’s the homework,” the head coach said per Bruce Pascoe of The Arizona Daily Star.

That’s probably a good approach.

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There’s nothing anyone can do about what has already taken place, but they can certainly get burned out if they’re not careful and lose confidence if they dwell on mistakes.

“I mean, this nonconference was rough. I think we all need a little break and a reset,” KJ Lewis said.

Lloyd is giving his players that time to reset, sending everyone home for the holidays or somewhere with either friends or family.

This time away should hopefully allow Arizona to put the non-conference schedule in the past and get ready for the daunting challenge that will come by playing Big 12 opponents until Selection Sunday.

Lloyd is also hoping this let’s his team get motivated for their return to the court.

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“Get hungry. Get hungry because we know when we come back — we’re excited to be starting this Big 12 thing we’ve been talking about for about 20 months. We’re fired up,” he added.

Arizona welcomes TCU into the McKale Center on Dec. 30.



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Instant Grades: Cardinals Sabotage Playoff Hopes

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Instant Grades: Cardinals Sabotage Playoff Hopes


The story since the bye week has largely been the same game after game. The Arizona Cardinals had two chances to beat the Seattle Seahawks and fight for first place in the division. They failed both times.

Today, they needed to beat the Carolina Panthers to stay in the hunt with the LA Rams beating the New York Jets. They failed.

The underlying issues of why this is happening is another issue for another article, but the fact is that the Arizona Cardinals are out of the playoff hunt and already looking forward to 2025.

In the meantime, what happened today and how did the various position groups perform? Let’s take a look.

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Quarterback – C-

No, Kyler Murray didn’t put the entire team on his back today to force a win, but it also can not be argued that he had much help from the team around him other than James Conner. That is not an excuse though for a player in his sixth NFL season with a massive contract that comes with high performance expectations.

Still, Murray is supposed to be a special player and he did not look special today. There was a flash of the special quarterback in the fourth quarter with a 20-yard rushing touchdown, but it was too little too late.

Most concerning, late in the fourth quarter Murray made a boneheaded mistake throwing to a spot of the field without an obvious receiver and the Panthers picked off the floater and held the ball till the very end, effectively ending Arizona’s season. There has not been a game since the bye in which Murray has not made a similarly mind-bogglingly bad play.

Offensive Line – B-

There were certainly concerns about the offensive line going into this game with left tackle Paris Johnson Jr. out with a knee injury and center Hjalte Froholdt suffering from an illness.

Thankfully, Froholdt was able to play through illness and Kelvin Beachum plugged in at left tackle and played another decent game.

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Overall, the offensive line played a fine game and were one of the few position groups that showed up and simply did their job althought their performance was noticeably impacted after Jonah Williams went to locker room with a knee issue in the third quarter.

Tight End – C

Hard to really grade this position since, in a major switch from previous weeks, Trey McBride did not feature heavily for the Cardinals offense.

McBride caught three of the four balls that came his way, but only for a gain of 20 yards and once again was kept out of the end zone to extend his scoreless streak.

Running Back – A

James Conner is every coaches dream power back. After Petzing belatedly figured out that the Panthers possess the worst run defense in the league, Conner truly took over the offense.

Sadly, Conner hurt his knee in the third quarter and did not reenter the game leaving Michael Carter and DeeJay Dallas as the remaining active running backs.

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Without Conner’s special gifts the Cardinals offense was not the same and the Panthers took advantage of that fact.

Wide Receiver – C-

The reader would be excused for not believing the Cardinals have any wide receivers on the roster considering the lack of impact they have had in several games this season.

Petzing has faced severe backlash for not finding ways to get the ball to the No. 4 overall pick of the 2024 NFL draft, Marvin Harrison, Jr, and for good reason. Still, trying to force the ball to Harrison, Jr. has not worked out and the connection between Murray and his rookie receiver is still not there.

Michael Wilson has shown up in big moments several times this year and did have a major 38-yard grab in the third quarter that gave the Cardinals some life.

Defensive Line – C-

The Cardinals defensive line failed in the two areas that were criticial to helping their team succeed this afternoon; contain Chuba Hubbard and put pressure on Bryce Young.

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Naquan Jones was the only defensive lineman to actually get to Young but otherwise the young, second-year quarterback had time to do what he wanted and even saw multiple gaps open up through the defensive line and broke off some major runs that put the Cardinals in a hole early.

Hubbard really started to have his way in the second half and on several drives basically controlled the entire Panthers offense, often getting through the first line of defense untouched.

Linebacker – C+

The most that can really be said for this group is that Baron Browning flashes occasionally and did manage to get Young on the ground today for a sack.

Otherwise, the linebackers did not have a significant impact on this game after being one of the most consistent position groups all season. That being said, Kyzir White’s sack in overtime gave the Cardinals much needed hope and forced a punt, but again, too little too late.

The problems containing Panthers running back Hubbard might have started with the defensive line but the linebackers are supposed to stem the bleeding and they failed consistently in that effort in the second half.

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Secondary – B-

Young did not have an inspired passing game today at all, and that is largely thanks to a sticky Cardinals secondary that did not allow him many easy downfield passes.

Rookie Max Melton had some rookie moments, but he continues to show some flashes that indicate a bright future in the league. It was second-year cornerback Garrett Williams that had some coverage issues.

Budda Baker did Budda Baker things but a big coverage whiff in the fourth quarter put the Cardinals in tough position. Fellow safety Jalen Thompson teamed up with Baker to clean up a lot of mistakes.

Sean Murphy-Bunting has struggled in big moments all season and today was not an exception. Needing a big stop early in the fourth quarter he allowed a corner of the end zone touchdown that put the Panthers up by ten and effectively ended the Cardinals season. A bad individual performance but not necessarily indicative of the entire position group’s performance.



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Arizona Cardinals vs Carolina Panthers live score updates for NFL Week 16 game today

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Arizona Cardinals vs Carolina Panthers live score updates for NFL Week 16 game today


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The Arizona Cardinals continue their 2024 NFL regular season schedule with an NFL Week 16 game against the Carolina Panthers today.

The Cardinals are coming off a 30-17 win against the New England Patriots at home in NFL Week 15.

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The Panthers lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 30-14.

The Cardinals are 7-7 on the season. The Panthers are 3-11.

Follow our live updates of the game, which is being played at Carolina’s Bank of America Stadium, for the latest score, news, notes and analysis of the Week 16 NFL game Sunday.

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Cardinals vs Panthers schedule: What time is NFL Week 16 game?

The game is on Sunday, Dec. 22, at 11 a.m. MST, 1 p.m. ET.

Cardinals vs Panthers TV: What channel is NFL Week 16 game on?

The game can be seen on FOX.

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Cardinals vs Panthers streaming: How do I watch NFL Week 16 game on livestream?

Streaming options for the Cardinals at Panthers game include FUBO and other streaming services that carry FOX.

Cardinals vs Panthers announcers: Who is calling the NFL Week 16 game?

Chris Myers (play-by-play) and Mark Schlereth (analyst) are scheduled to be the announcers for the Cardinals-Panthers Week 16 NFL game.

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Cardinals vs Panthers game odds: Who is favored in NFL Week 16?

The Cardinals are a four-point favorite over the Panthers in NFL Week 16 odds for the game, courtesy of BetMGM Sportsbook.

Arizona is -225 on the moneyline, while Carolina is +180.

The over/under (point total) is set at 47 points.

Pregame reading for Cardinals at Panthers game today

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