Alaska
Opinion: Before Alaska becomes an AI data farm, be sure to read the fine print
Artificial intelligence is driving a revolution in the economy and culture of the United States and other countries. Alaska is being pitched as the next frontier for one of the most energy-intensive industries: data centers, with their primary purpose of advancing AI, socially disruptive to a degree as yet unknown.
Gov. Mike Dunleavy, the state’s biggest promoter, has invited more than a dozen high-tech firms, including affiliates of Microsoft, Facebook and Amazon, to establish “data farms” in Alaska. He has personally toured executives around potential sites in the Anchorage and Fairbanks areas. The Alaska Legislature has been a bit more circumspect, though its House Concurrent Resolution 3 (HCR 3) states that “the development and use of artificial intelligence and the establishment of data centers in the state could stimulate economic growth, create job opportunities and position the state as a leader in technological innovation.” True, however, the resolution makes no mention of drawbacks stemming from data center development.
The Northern Alaska Environmental Center (NAEC), based in Fairbanks, is examining the known and potential benefits, costs and risks of data center growth in the state. It urges a well-informed, unhurried, transparent and cautious approach.
First, though, what are data centers? They are facilities that house the servers, storage, networking and other computing infrastructure needed to support AI and other digital services, along with their associated electrical and cooling infrastructure.
Generally speaking, there are two categories of data centers. One is the massive hyperscale facility, typically operating at multi-megawatt scale and designed to scale much higher. An example is the proposed Far North Digital (FND) Prudhoe Bay Data Center. It would start with a capacity of 120 megawatts with “significant expansion potential.” Natural gas would power it.
The other kind is the micro or microgrid data center. A good example is Cordova’s Greensparc Corp/Cordova Electric Cooperative 150-kilowatt facility. It is powered by 100% renewable energy from the nearby hydroelectric plant. We concur with the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Alaska Center for Energy and Power (ACEP) analysis that contends that such smaller and sustainable data centers, sometimes integrated into existing microgrids, are more feasible for Alaska, particularly in underserved or remote communities.
The main problem with data centers is their high to huge energy demands, especially hyperscale ones that can consume as much electricity as 100,000 homes. Cooling can account for about 40% of a facility’s energy use, though it varies. While Alaska’s cold climate is an environmental advantage, reducing the need for energy-intensive mechanical cooling systems, cooling still requires a lot of water. The NAEC advocates that any new data centers be required to minimize use and thermal pollution of waters and reuse waste heat for local heating.
The Railbelt grid already faces constraints and expensive upgrade needs. The NAEC believes that if new data centers are developed, regulatory safeguards must be in place to ensure they do not exacerbate grid shortages and raise household electricity costs.
Most electricity powering data centers still comes from fossil fuels, even as operators sign renewable contracts and add clean generation. Building fossil fuel-powered data centers would lock in high-emissions infrastructure for decades, contradicting global decarbonization efforts. NAEC suggests that any new data center be required to build or contract for an equivalent amount of clean energy generation (wind, solar, hydro or geothermal) to match its consumption.
There are many other concerns that need to be addressed when considering data centers and AI development. One is the problem of electronic waste, or e-waste. Needed upgrades to data centers result in e-waste, which contains hazardous materials. Given Alaska’s remote potential sites and limited recycling infrastructure, the cost of appropriately dealing with e-waste should be factored into data center decisions.
In their haste to recruit data centers, several states have granted substantial tax abatements and subsidies, often with limited public benefit. Alaska must learn from the mistakes made elsewhere. Before considering approval of any new data centers, legislation should be in place that ensures that the corporations that will profit do not get discounted power rates or tax breaks and pass additional costs to ratepayers, including costs for needed upgrades.
Yes, data centers provide some much-needed diversification to Alaska’s economy, but not much. They are highly capital intensive and employ many in the construction phase, but few for operation. Companies should be required to train and hire local residents to the degree practical.
Then there is the profound but scarcely recognized issue that transcends energy, economics and the environment. Data centers expand the compute available for increasingly capable AI systems. Some researchers and industry leaders argue this could accelerate progress toward AI that matches or exceeds human capabilities, along with new risks. Ultimately, the greatest cost of data centers and AI may be the changes wrought to our humanity and society, for which we are woefully unprepared.
Roger Kaye is a freelance writer based in Fairbanks and the author of “Last Great Wilderness: The Campaign to Establish the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.” He sits on the Issues Committee of the Northern Alaska Environmental Center.
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Alaska
Alaska’s voter roll transfer: Republicans bash hearing questioning if lieutenant governor broke the law
JUNEAU, Alaska (KTUU) – A legislative hearing into the legality of Alaska’s voter roll transfer to the federal government ended in partisan accusations Monday, with one Republican calling it a “set-up” and others saying it was unnecessary, while Democrats defended it as needed oversight.
“Andrew (Gray) and the committee has a bias. I mean, that much is obvious from watching it,” Rep. Kevin McCabe, R-Big Lake, told Alaska’s News Source walking out of the hearing before it gaveled out. “Most of the testimony was slanted against the state and against the federal government.”
The House State Affairs and Judiciary committees met jointly Monday to hear testimony about whether Dahlstrom violated the law when she transferred the entirety of Alaska’s voter rolls to the federal government.
Rep. Steve St. Clair, R-Wasilla, agreed with his Big Lake counterpart that the hearing was unnecessary.
“I think we’re speculating on what the intent of the DOJ is and I believe we need to wait and see,” he said.
Rep. Andrew Gray, D-Anchorage and chair of the House Judiciary Committee, pushed back when told of his Republican colleagues’ reaction.
“I think that I went above and beyond to try to include everybody,” Gray said as he left the meeting. “If people are saying that if the Obama administration had asked for the unredacted voter rolls from Alaska, that all these Republicans around here would have just been like, ‘oh, take it all. Take all of our information.’
“That is not true. That is absolutely not true,” Gray added.
Rep. Ted Eischeid, D-Anchorage, backed his House majority colleague, questioning whether Republicans would have preferred if the topic not be addressed at all.
“The minority folks on the committee had a chance to ask questions,” he said. “I think this is a meeting we needed to have. Alaskans have asked for it. I think there’s still a lot of unanswered questions. So shedding light on the state’s actions, that’s bias?”
Dahlstrom did not attend the hearing. Gray said she was invited multiple times but cited scheduling conflicts. The lieutenant governor oversees the Alaska Division of Elections under state law.
In her most recent public statement — published Feb. 25 on her gubernatorial campaign website, not through her official office — Dahlstrom defended the voter roll transfer, saying the agreement with the DOJ was “lawful, limited” and that Alaska retains full authority over its voter rolls.
“The DOJ cannot remove a single voter from our rolls,” she wrote. “Its role is limited to identifying potential issues, such as duplicate registrations or individuals who may have moved or passed away.”
Representatives from the state’s Department of Law and Division of Elections both testified in defense of Dahlstrom’s decision. Rachel Witty, the Department of Law’s director of legal services, told the committee the state viewed the DOJ’s purview.
“The DOJ’s enforcement authority is quite broad,” Witty said. “And so, we interpreted their request as being used to evaluate and enforce HAVA compliance.”
HAVA — the Help America Vote Act — is a federal law that sets election administration standards for states.
Lawmakers also heard from an assortment of outside witnesses who largely questioned the legality of Dahlstrom’s actions, including former Lt. Gov. Loren Leman, who served under Republican Gov. Frank Murkowski, and former Attorney General Bruce Botelho, who served under Democratic Gov. Tony Knowles.
The Documents: A Months-Long Timeline
As part of the hearing, the committee released months’ worth of documents between the Department of Justice — led by Attorney General Pam Bondi — and Dahlstrom’s office, detailing the effort to transfer Alaska’s voter rolls over to Washington.
The DOJ first asked Dahlstrom to release the voter rolls in July of last year, citing the 1993 National Voter Registration Act, which requires states to allow federal inspection of “official lists of eligible voters.”
Dahlstrom agreed to release the records in August, providing a list of voters designated as “inactive” and “non-citizens,” along with their voting records and the statewide voter registration list — but it did not include what the DOJ wanted.
“As the Attorney General requested, the electronic copy of the statewide [voter registration list] must contain all fields,” reads an email sent 10 days after Dahlstrom agreed to release the data, “including the registrant’s full name, date of birth, residential address, his or her state driver’s license number or the last four digits of the registrant’s social security number.”
Dahlstrom agreed to provide the full details months later, in December, citing a state statute that permits sharing confidential information with a federal agency if it uses “the information only for governmental purposes authorized under law.” Those purposes, she wrote in the email, are to “test, analyze and assess the State’s compliance with federal laws.”
“I attach some significance to the fact that it took the State … nearly four months to respond to the Department of Justice’s demand,” former AG Botelho told the committee.
That same day, Dahlstrom, Alaska Division of Elections Director Carol Beecher and DOJ Assistant Attorney General Harmeet Dhillon signed a memorandum of understanding governing how the data could be accessed, used, and protected.
Dahlstrom’s office publicly announced the transfer nine days after the MOU was signed — nearly six months after the DOJ first made its request.
“Alaska is committed to the integrity of our elections and to complying with applicable law,” Dahlstrom said in the December statement. “Upon receiving the DOJ’s request, the Division of Elections, in consultation with the Department of Law, provided the voter registration list in accordance with federal requirements and state authority, while ensuring appropriate safeguards for sensitive information.”
A 10-page legal analysis from legislative counsel Andrew Dunmire, requested by House Majority Whip Rep. Zack Fields, D-Anchorage, concluded that the DOJ’s demand defied legal bounds.
“The DOJ’s request for state voter data is unprecedented,” Dunmire’s analysis states, adding that the legal justification the DOJ used to demand access to the data has never been applied this way before.
“Multiple states refused DOJ’s request, which has resulted in litigation that is now working its way through federal courts across the country,” he adds.
The Senate holds an identical hearing Wednesday, when its State Affairs and Judiciary committees take up the same questions.
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Alaska
Alaska Air National Guard rescues injured snowmachiner near Cooper Landing
JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, Alaska – Alaska Air National Guard personnel conducted a rescue mission Saturday, Feb. 21, after receiving a request for assistance from the Alaska State Troopers through the Alaska Rescue Coordination Center.
The mission was initiated to recover an injured snowmachiner in the Cooper Landing area, approximately 60 air miles south of Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson. The Alaska Air National Guard accepted the mission, located the individual, and transported them to Providence Alaska Medical Center in Anchorage for further medical care.
The mission marked the first search and rescue operation conducted by the 210th Rescue Squadron using the HH-60W Jolly Green II, the Air Force’s newest combat rescue helicopter, which is replacing the older HH-60G Pave Hawk. Guardian Angels assigned to the 212th Rescue Squadron were also aboard the aircraft and assisted in the recovery of the injured individual.
Good Samaritans, who were on the ground at the accident site, deployed a signal flare, that helped the helicopter crew visually locate the injured individual in the heavily wooded area.
Due to the mountainous terrain, dense tree cover, and deep snow in the area, the helicopter was unable to land near the patient. The aircrew conducted a hoist insertion and extraction of the Guardian Angels and the injured snowmachiner. The patient was extracted using a rescue strop and hoisted into the aircraft.
The Alaska Air National Guard routinely conducts search and rescue operations across the state in support of civil authorities, providing life-saving assistance in some of the most remote and challenging environments in the world.
Alaska
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