Technology
How to breathe new life into an old computer
Got an old computer collecting dust in a closet or tucked under a desk? You’re not alone. Many people hold on to aging desktops and laptops, either as backup machines or because they still run “just fine.” But here’s the catch: if that PC is no longer receiving Windows updates, it could be a security risk, even if it seems perfectly functional. Janet from East Wakefield, NH, recently wrote to us about this very dilemma:
“We need to update our computer due to Windows 11 not running on our older computer. We have two older computers, one we are upgrading and the second one I would like to continue to use on occasion. Do I run the risk of incursions into my software since I will no longer get security upgrades? Any advice on what I should remove (ie, finance info.)? Also, any advice for the older tower? Runs perfectly with solid state SSD. We are loath to put it into the recycling bin.”
The good news is you don’t have to toss it just yet. With a few smart steps, you can use it safely or transform it into something completely new and useful. Let’s look at how you can breathe new life into your old computer.
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A woman working on her older laptop. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
Why using an unsupported PC can be risky
First of all, once Microsoft stops supporting your version of Windows, your PC no longer receives security patches, bug fixes, updated drivers, or browser support. Even if the system still runs smoothly, it becomes more vulnerable to cyber threats like malware, ransomware, phishing attacks and data theft. An outdated operating system is like an unlocked door. Hackers and malicious software often target these systems specifically because of their weaknesses. If you plan to keep using an older computer, especially with internet access, it’s time to update your operating system.
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How to protect your old PC for occasional use
If you still plan to use your PC occasionally, you can minimize the risks with these simple but effective steps:
1. Use it offline only: The easiest way to stay secure is to keep your old PC off the internet entirely. You can still use it for:
- Word processing
- Organizing archives or photos
- Creative projects
- Offline games or journaling
Without internet access, you remove most external threats.
2. Remove all sensitive data: Even if you’re only using your computer for basic tasks, it’s important to scrub any personal or financial information from the system. That includes:
- Tax documents
- Bank statements
- Saved passwords
- Files with Social Security numbers
- Scanned IDs or legal documents
One effective way to securely wipe all personal files at once is to use the built-in Windows reset option, found under Settings > System > Recovery. This will remove your files and restore the system to a clean state. For step-by-step instructions, check out Microsoft’s guide to resetting your PC.
Once your old PC is wiped, it’s smart to strengthen the security of your active devices. Turn on two-factor authentication (2FA) for your accounts and use a password manager to keep your credentials safe and organized. Get more details about my best expert-reviewed Password Managers of 2025 here.
3. Disable browsers (or use a safer alternative): If you need occasional internet access, avoid using outdated browsers like old versions of Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge. Instead, try privacy-focused alternative browsers. Or better yet? Disable browsers altogether and connect to the web on a newer, supported device.
4. Install strong antivirus software that supports legacy systems: Even an offline PC can be exposed via USB drives or transferred files. The best way to safeguard yourself from malicious links that install malware, potentially accessing your private information, is to have strong antivirus software installed on all your devices. This protection can also alert you to phishing emails and ransomware scams, keeping your personal information and digital assets safe. Before installing antivirus software, make sure your older computer meets the minimum system requirements. Check for supported operating system (OS) version, RAM, and processor architecture (32-bit or 64-bit). Most providers list these on their site. Get my picks for the best 2025 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android and iOS devices
5. Keep important files on external storage: Avoid saving sensitive files directly on the old PC. Instead:
This keeps your data portable, protected and off the aging hardware. That way, your files are safe even if the old computer fails, and you can access them from newer devices anytime.
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A man working on his PC. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
TRANSFERRING DATA FROM AN OLD LAPTOP TO A NEW ONE
What about older Macs?
While this guide focuses on Windows PCs, many of the same principles apply to older Macs, especially if your system is stuck on unsupported macOS versions like High Sierra or Mojave. The best way to stay safe is to limit internet use, remove sensitive data, use supported browsers and install reliable antivirus software.
That said, older Macs have a few unique considerations:
- Limited upgrade paths: Apple restricts OS upgrades to certain hardware. You may be locked into an older system unless you install a custom macOS patcher or switch to Linux.
- Tighter integration with Apple services: Be sure to fully sign out of iCloud and disable Find My Mac before wiping or repurposing.
- Fewer repurposing options: While some Macs make great writing machines or media centers, they’re harder to customize or reconfigure than tower PCs because most Apple hardware isn’t designed for self-upgrades. Components like memory or storage are often sealed, soldered or require special tools to access.
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Ready for a second life? Here’s how to repurpose it
If the system still has a working tower, especially an SSD (Solid-State Drive), which provides fast storage and efficient performance, it could be perfect for a modern, low-cost makeover.
Option 1: Install Linux for a secure, fresh operating system
Linux is a free, fast, and secure alternative to Windows that works especially well on older computers. It’s still actively supported and great for basic tasks like browsing the web, checking emails, editing documents, streaming videos or even learning to code. You don’t need to be a tech expert to install it, as most versions come with easy, step-by-step installers.
Here are some beginner-friendly Linux versions (called “distributions” or “distros”):
- Linux Mint — Designed to feel familiar to Windows users, with a simple, traditional desktop and lots of built-in help.
- Ubuntu — One of the most popular Linux versions, known for its large support community and extensive online guides, making it easy to find help if you get stuck.
- Zorin OS — Offers a polished, modern look that resembles Windows or macOS, making it ideal for casual users or anyone switching from those systems. It even helps you run some Windows programs and provides a very user-friendly experience.
For example, Zorin OS lets you choose a desktop layout that looks like Windows, so you don’t have to relearn everything. Ubuntu is famous for its reliability and the huge number of tutorials available online, which is helpful if you’re new to Linux.
And yes, you really can install these yourself, even if you’ve never tried Linux before. This beginner’s guide to installing Linux Mint walks you through the entire process.
Option 2: Turn it into a home server or backup station
Your old PC can become the backbone of your home network. A few creative uses:
- Media center — Stream content to your TV
- Photo/video archive — Store backups and organize family memories
- Local file backup server — Save copies of important files from other devices at home
- Print or file server — Share printers or storage across devices
This keeps your old machine useful without needing daily interaction.
Option 3: Selling your PC
Before you get rid of your old PC, consider whether selling or recycling is the best fit for you. Both options are eco-friendly and can be rewarding if done right. Here’s how to handle your PC responsibly:
- Back up and wipe data: Save your important files to an external drive or cloud storage. Then, use secure data-erasing software to completely wipe your PC, ensuring your personal information is unrecoverable.
- Remove accounts and reset: Log out of all accounts, deactivate software licenses and perform a factory reset so the next owner starts fresh.
- Selling your PC: If your PC is in good condition, consider selling it through reputable platforms such as Amazon Trade-In, eBay, or local electronics stores. These options can put cash or gift cards in your pocket. Always be cautious of scams, use secure payment methods and avoid sharing unnecessary personal details.
Option 4: Donate or responsibly upcycle
If you’re done with it, let someone else benefit:
- Schools, nonprofits and senior centers often accept working devices.
- Buy Nothing or Freecycle groups can help you find a local taker.
- Some e-waste centers refurbish old PCs for families in need.
Be sure to wipe the hard drive before donating. Consider using a data erasure tool or disk-wiping software to securely erase the entire hard drive. However, always back up any important files before wiping your drive. Always, confirm that you are targeting the correct storage device during the process to avoid accidental data loss. If you’re unable to securely erase sensitive materials from your hard drive, consider removing the drive before donation and recycling it separately.
Solid-State Drive. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
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Simple upgrades that can extend its life even further
If you’re keeping the machine and want to get the most out of it, a few basic hardware upgrades can go a long way, even on an older system. These are budget-friendly fixes that can significantly improve speed, stability and longevity.
1. Add more RAM: If your system has 4GB or less, upgrading to 8 GB+ can significantly improve multitasking and responsiveness, especially with Linux. Look up your PC’s model number on the manufacturer’s website to find compatible memory. Many desktops (and some laptops) let you upgrade RAM by simply opening the case and inserting the new memory sticks into available slots.
2. Upgrade to an SSD: If you’re still using a traditional hard drive, switching to a solid-state drive can dramatically reduce boot times and make your PC feel brand new. For most older machines, look for SSDs labeled “2.5-inch SATA”, which are the most widely compatible and easy to install. Some newer systems support faster NVMe SSDs, which connect directly to the motherboard. Check your PC model or open the case to see which type your system supports. Be sure to back up your files, then either reinstall the operating system manually or clone your current drive before replacing it.
3. Clean out the dust and refresh thermal paste: Older desktops tend to overheat, which can slow things down or cause random shutdowns. Open up the case and:
- Use compressed air to clean fans and vents
- Consider replacing the thermal paste on the CPU if it’s been several years
4. Swap out the battery or power supply: If your laptop battery no longer holds a charge, or if your desktop randomly shuts off, consider replacing the battery or power supply unit.
Kurt’s key takeaways
Just because a computer is old doesn’t mean it’s useless. Whether you’re turning it into a writing station, a media server, or giving Linux a try, your old PC can still be a valuable tool. The key is security. Unsupported systems can be risky if used online, but with a few precautions or by repurposing them entirely, you can keep your data safe and extend the machine’s life in meaningful ways.
Have you repurposed an old PC? We’d love to hear what you’re doing with your older tech. Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact
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Technology
Here’s your first look at Kratos in Amazon’s God of War show
Amazon has slowly been teasing out casting details for its live-action adaptation of God of War, and now we have our first look at the show. It’s a single image but a notable one showing protagonist Kratos and his son Atreus. The characters are played by Ryan Hurst and Callum Vinson, respectively, and they look relatively close to their video game counterparts.
There aren’t a lot of other details about the show just yet, but this is Amazon’s official description:
The God of War series storyline follows father and son Kratos and Atreus as they embark on a journey to spread the ashes of their wife and mother, Faye. Through their adventures, Kratos tries to teach his son to be a better god, while Atreus tries to teach his father how to be a better human.
That sounds a lot like the recent soft reboot of the franchise, which started with 2018’s God of War and continued through Ragnarök in 2022. For the Amazon series, Ronald D. Moore, best-known for his work on For All Mankind and Battlestar Galactica, will serve as showrunner. The rest of the cast includes: Mandy Patinkin (Odin), Ed Skrein (Baldur), Max Parker (Heimdall), Ólafur Darri Ólafsson (Thor), Teresa Palmer (Sif), Alastair Duncan (Mimir), Jeff Gulka (Sindri), and Danny Woodburn (Brok).
While production is underway on the God of War series, there’s no word on when it might start streaming.
Technology
300,000 Chrome users hit by fake AI extensions
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Your web browser may feel like a safe place, especially when you install helpful tools that promise to make your life easier. But security researchers have uncovered a dangerous campaign in which more than 300,000 people installed Chrome extensions pretending to be artificial intelligence (AI) assistants. Instead of helping, these fake tools secretly collect sensitive information like your emails, passwords and browsing activity.
They used familiar names like ChatGPT, Gemini and AI Assistant. If you use Chrome and have installed any AI-related extension, your personal information may already be exposed. Even worse, some of these malicious extensions are still available today, putting more people at risk without their knowing.
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More than 300,000 Chrome users installed fake AI extensions that secretly harvested sensitive data. (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)
What you need to know about fake AI extensions
Security researchers at browser security company LayerX discovered a large campaign involving 30 malicious Chrome extensions disguised as AI-powered assistants (via BleepingComputer). Together, these extensions were installed more than 300,000 times by unsuspecting users.
Some of the most popular extensions included names like AI Sidebar with 70,000 users, AI Assistant with 60,000 users, ChatGPT Translate with 30,000 users, and Google Gemini with 10,000 users. Another extension called Gemini AI Sidebar had 80,000 users before it was removed.
These extensions were distributed through the official Chrome Web Store, which made them appear legitimate and trustworthy. Even more concerning, researchers found that many of these extensions were connected to the same malicious server, showing they were part of a coordinated effort.
While some extensions have since been removed, others remain available. This means new users could still unknowingly install them and expose their personal data. Here’s the list of the affected extensions:
- AI Assistant
- Llama
- Gemini AI Sidebar
- AI Sidebar
- ChatGPT Sidebar
- Grok
- Asking ChatGPT
- ChatGBT
- Chat Bot GPT
- Grok Chatbot
- Chat With Gemini
- XAI
- Google Gemini
- Ask Gemini
- AI Letter Generator
- AI Message Generator
- AI Translator
- AI For Translation
- AI Cover Letter Generator
- AI Image Generator ChatGPT
- Ai Wallpaper Generator
- Ai Picture Generator
- DeepSeek Download
- AI Email Writer
- Email Generator AI
- DeepSeek Chat
- ChatGPT Picture Generator
- ChatGPT Translate
- AI GPT
- ChatGPT Translation
- ChatGPT for Gmail
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These malicious tools were listed in the official Chrome Web Store, making them appear legitimate and trustworthy. (LayerX)
How the fake AI Chrome extension attack works
These fake extensions pretend to offer helpful AI features, such as translating text, summarizing emails, or acting as an AI assistant. But behind the scenes, they quietly monitor what you are doing online.
Once installed, the extension gains permission to view and interact with the websites you visit. This allows it to read the contents of web pages, including login screens where you enter your username and password.
In some cases, the extensions specifically targeted Gmail. They could read your email messages directly from your browser, including emails you received and even drafts you were still writing. This means attackers could access private conversations, financial information and sensitive personal details.
The extensions then sent this information to servers controlled by the attackers. Because they loaded content remotely, the attackers could change their behavior at any time without needing to update the extension.
Some versions could also activate voice features through your browser. This could potentially capture spoken conversations near your device and send transcripts back to the attackers.
If you installed one of these extensions, attackers may already have access to extremely sensitive information. This includes your email content, login credentials, browsing habits and possibly even voice recordings.
We reached out to Google for comment, and a spokesperson told CyberGuy that the company “can confirm that the extensions from this report have all been removed from the Google Web Store.”
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Once installed, the extensions could read emails, capture passwords, monitor browsing activity and send the data to attacker-controlled servers. (Bildquelle/ullstein bild via Getty Images)
7 ways you can protect yourself from malicious Chrome extensions
If you have ever installed an AI-related Chrome extension, taking a few simple precautions now can help protect your accounts and prevent further damage.
1) Remove any suspicious or unused browser extensions
On a Windows PC or Mac, open Chrome and type chrome://extensions into the address bar. Review every extension listed. If you see anything unfamiliar, especially AI assistants you don’t remember installing, click “Remove” immediately. Malicious extensions depend on going unnoticed. Removing them stops further data collection and cuts off the attacker’s access to your information.
2) Change your passwords
If you installed any suspicious extension, assume your passwords may be compromised. Start by changing your email password first, since email controls access to most other accounts. Then update passwords for banking, shopping and social media accounts. This prevents attackers from using stolen credentials to break into your accounts.
3) Use a password manager to create and protect strong passwords
A password manager generates unique, complex passwords for each account and stores them securely. This prevents attackers from accessing multiple accounts if one password is stolen. Password managers also alert you if your login credentials appear in known data breaches, helping you respond quickly and protect your identity. Check out the best expert-reviewed password managers of 2026 at Cyberguy.com.
4) Install strong antivirus software and keep it active
Good antivirus software can detect malicious browser extensions, spyware, and other hidden threats. It scans your system for suspicious activity and blocks harmful programs before they can steal your information. This adds an important layer of protection that works continuously in the background to keep your device safe. Get my picks for the best 2026 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android & iOS devices at Cyberguy.com.
5) Use an identity theft protection service
Identity theft protection services monitor your personal data, including email addresses, financial accounts, and Social Security numbers, for signs of misuse. If criminals try to open accounts or commit fraud using your information, you receive alerts quickly. Early detection allows you to act fast and limit financial and personal damage. See my tips and best picks on how to protect yourself from identity theft at Cyberguy.com.
6) Keep your browser and computer fully updated
Software updates fix security vulnerabilities that attackers exploit. Enable automatic updates for Chrome and your operating system so you always have the latest protections. These updates strengthen your defenses against malicious extensions and prevent attackers from taking advantage of known weaknesses.
7) Use a personal data removal service
Personal data removal services scan data broker websites that collect and sell your personal information. They help remove your data from these sites, reducing what attackers can find and use against you. Less exposed information means fewer opportunities for criminals to target you with scams, identity theft or phishing attacks.
Check out my top picks for data removal services and get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web by visiting Cyberguy.com.
Get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web: Cyberguy.com.
Kurt’s key takeaway
Even tools designed to make your life easier can become tools for cybercriminals. Malicious extensions often hide behind trusted names and convincing features, making them difficult to spot. You can significantly reduce your risk by reviewing your browser extensions regularly, removing anything suspicious and using protective tools like password managers and strong antivirus software.
Have you checked your browser extensions recently? Let us know your thoughts by writing to us at Cyberguy.com.
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Technology
Anthropic refuses Pentagon’s new terms, standing firm on lethal autonomous weapons and mass surveillance
Less than 24 hours before the deadline in an ultimatum issued by the Pentagon, Anthropic has refused the Department of Defense’s demands for unrestricted access to its AI.
It’s the culmination of a dramatic exchange of public statements, social media posts, and behind-the-scenes negotiations, coming down to Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s desire to renegotiate all AI labs’ current contracts with the military. But Anthropic, so far, has refused to back down from its two current red lines: no mass surveillance of Americans, and no lethal autonomous weapons (or weapons with license to kill targets with no human oversight whatsoever). OpenAI and xAI had reportedly already agreed to the new terms, while Anthropic’s refusal had led to CEO Dario Amodei being summoned to the White House this week for a meeting with Hegseth himself, in which the Secretary reportedly issued an ultimatum to the CEO to back down by the end of business day on Friday or else.
In a statement late Thursday, Amodei wrote, “I believe deeply in the existential importance of using AI to defend the United States and other democracies, and to defeat our autocratic adversaries. Anthropic has therefore worked proactively to deploy our models to the Department of War and the intelligence community.”
He added that the company has “never raised objections to particular military operations nor attempted to limit use of our technology in an ad hoc manner” but that in a “narrow set of cases, we believe AI can undermine, rather than defend, democratic values” — going on to specifically mention mass domestic surveillance and fully autonomous weapons. (Amodei mentioned that “partial autonomous weapons … are vital to the defense of democracy” and that fully autonomous weapons may eventually “prove critical for our national defense,” but that “today, frontier AI systems are simply not reliable enough to power fully autonomous weapons.” He did not rule out Anthropic acquiescing to the military’s use of fully autonomous weapons in the future but mentioned that they were not ready now.)
The Pentagon had already reportedly asked major defense contractors to assess their dependence on Anthropic’s Claude, which could be seen as the first step to designating the company a “supply chain risk” – a public threat that the Pentagon had made recently (and a classification usually reserved for threats to national security). The Pentagon was also reportedly considering invoking the Defense Production Act to make Anthropic comply.
Amodei wrote in his statement that the Pentagon’s “threats do not change our position: we cannot in good conscience accede to their request.” He also wrote that “should the Department choose to offboard Anthropic, we will work to enable a smooth transition to another provider, avoiding any disruption to ongoing military planning, operations, or other critical missions. Our models will be available on the expansive terms we have proposed for as long as required.”
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