Texas
Rap music on trial: Upcoming Texas execution stirs national debate
Rap music has been used against criminal defendants since the genre took hold in the 1980s and its use has only increased in recent years. Some states are trying to limit the practice.
Tennessee set to execute woman for first time in over 200 years
If Christa Pike’s execution is carried out, she would be the first woman executed in Tennessee in 200 years and the 19th woman in modern U.S. history.
An upcoming execution in Texas has gained the attention of prominent rappers like Travis Scott and T.I. for the questions it raises about the place rap lyrics have in the courtroom and how justice is meted out to Black defendants.
James Broadnax, 37, is set to be executed by lethal injection on Thursday, April 30, for the 2008 double murder of Stephen Swan and Matthew Butler, two producers of Christian music killed during a robbery outside their studio in the Dallas suburb of Garland.
Broadnax’s case is gaining national attention for what his attorneys say was an unfair trial that saw prosecutors eliminate almost every potential Black juror and use Broadnax’s own rap lyrics against him. The result, defense attorneys argue in a recent U.S. Supreme Court filing, transformed Broadnax’s “artistic expression into a death warrant.”
In a friend-of-the-court brief filed in the Supreme Court last month, rapper Travis Scott argues that rap music has been increasingly used as evidence against defendants “in a manner that exploits and perpetuates stereotypes.”
“Because rap lyrics are art, they are not literal,” the brief said. “And introduction of rap lyrics as evidence against criminal defendants invites jurors to transfer their opinions about the genre onto the individual before them, risking punishment for expression unrelated to the crime at issue.”
Rapper Killer Mike echoed those thoughts in a similar brief filed in the case. Other powerful people in the entertainment industry who joined in that filing include rappers Young Thug and Fat Joe, record executive Kevin Liles, and actor/comedian Anthony Anderson.
Texas prosecutors are defending both Broadnax’s prosecution and the use of his rap lyrics to show jurors his “cold, flippant attitude toward the murders and the judicial process.”
“The State saved the jailhouse lyric, written while Broadnax was awaiting trial, for the punishment phase − to demonstrate to the jury Broadnax’s outrageous and extreme lack of empathy, regret, remorse, and accountability,” prosecutors say.
Here’s what you need to know about the case, Broadnax’s chances at a reprieve from execution, and how the victims’ family members feel about the issues being raised.
What was James Broadnax convicted of?
On June 19, 2008, a bicyclist came upon the bodies of 26-year-old Stephen Swan and 28-year-old Matthew Butler outside of their recording studio in Garland Texas just before 1 a.m., court records say.
Later that day, court records say that Broadnax and his cousin, Demarius Cummings, went to a family member’s home in Swan’s car, and that Broadnax displayed Swan’s driver’s license and bragged that he “hit a lick,” or committed a robbery. The two cousins left in the car, and a family friend soon after called the police when she saw news reports about the double murder.
Police pulled Broadnax over later that night in Swan’s car 150 miles away in Texarcana and arrested him. After police returned Broadnax to Dallas, he confessed to the murders in multiple interviews with members of the news media, court records say.
During the interviews, Broadnax told reporters that he and Cummings had driven to Garland looking for someone to rob and that he alone killed Swan and Butler.
Prosecutors leaned heavily on the confessions during trial but the sentencing phase focused more on rap lyrics that Broadnax had written in his notebooks. The lyrics, which included “I hit the lick, but the reason I got caught cuz the (expletive) snitching,” showed that Broadnax was a dangerous person and was likely to commit more violence unless he was executed, prosecutors told jurors.
Court records say that jurors asked to see the rap lyrics twice during deliberations over Broadnax’s punishment and delivered their verdict the same day. They gave him the death penalty.
Meanwhile Broadnax’s cousin recently came forward to say that he was actually the triggerman that night. Cummings said the only reason Broadnax confessed was because he didn’t have a significant criminal record and the cousins thought that he’d be treated with more leniency. Cummings is serving life in prison without parole.
On trial: The use of rap lyrics
The heart of Broadnax’s arguments for a reprieve center on the rap lyrics used against him during the penalty phase.
His attorneys and the entertainers who wrote to the Supreme Court argue that such lyrics are protected free speech and have nothing to do with the crime committed. The way they were presented to a nearly all-white jury, they say, was prejudicial because rap music “often invokes negative racial stereotypes about Black men among jurors and judges.”
Dallas County prosecutors called Broadnax’s claims over the rap lyrics “meritless and not worthy of this court’s attention” in a recent filing.
“The rap lyrics in his journals are relevant and admissible to show not only his gang affiliation or interest, but also that themes of lawlessness, violence, and drugs − whether fictional or not − occupied his time and thoughts,” they wrote. “If Johnny Cash had ever been on trial for murder, particularly if the murder was alleged to have occurred in Reno, no doubt his ‘Folsom Prison Blues’ lyrics (‘I shot a man in Reno, just to watch him die’) would have been admissible during the punishment phase of his trial.”
Rap music has been used against criminal defendants since the genre took hold in the 1980s and its use has only increased in recent years, experts say. Some states including California, Maryland and Louisiana have passed laws to limit its use.
Among recent trials where rap lyrics factored in: Rapper Young Thug’s 2023 trial on RICO charges (he pleaded guilty), rapper Drakeo the Ruler’s 2019 murder trial (he was acquitted), rapper Tay-K’s 2025 murder trial (he was sentenced to 80 years), and rapper Lil Durk’s upcoming trial on murder-for-hire charges (he has pleaded not guilty).
“These high-profile cases have brought attention to the risk that rap lyrics will be used as evidence of criminality or to enhance a criminal defendant’s sentence,” argues rapper Travis Scott’s filing with the Supreme Court. “Unsurprisingly, this risk chills rap artists’ speech.”
What do the victim family members say?
Lost in much of the coverage of Broadnax’s execution are the victims in the case: Stephen Swan and Matthew Butler. Their families both have expressed steadfast support of Broadnax’s execution.
“I can not believe that this evil, heartless killer is still alive,” Matthew’s mom, Theresa Butler, wrote in 2016 about her son, who was a 28-year-old married father of two when he was killed. “My son and Steve had no choice about whether to live or die that night … This killer should never have the choice to live after what he did to them.”
Last month, she called Broadnax’s most recent arguments a “hail Mary pass.” She previously called Swan and her son “two wonderful Christian, hard-working young men.”
“Matthew would have given them a ride home since the train and buses stopped running in Garland. He would have paid for an Uber for them to get home,” she said. “He would have done anything to stay alive and enjoy a wonderful life with his wife and two babies. And, his whole family. He loved us all so.”
Swan’s sister, Deborah Burkhardt, sought an execution date to be set for Broadnax last year and wrote in a court filing that “every piece of worthless litigation filed by the defense is another insult and another injury to us,” according to NPR for North Texas.
She added: “There is no end to what they will come up with, or try to put a new spin on.”
What ways could James Broadnax win a reprieve?
Broadnax’s attorneys have cast a wide net of possibilities to stop his April 30 execution.
They have multiple appeals sitting in the Supreme Court, the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles is considering the case, and Broadnax’s attorneys are also planning to bring his claims to the governor.
USA TODAY will be closely following the case and covering the execution should it move forward.
Amanda Lee Myers is a senior crime reporter who covers the death penalty, cold case investigations and breaking news for USA TODAY. Follow her on X at @amandaleeusat.
SAN ANTONIO – Texas voters will settle unfinished business from the March Primary on May 26, when they decide either who will be on the ballot for the November general election or who will take office next year.
Those contests in which no candidate received 50% plus one of the vote will be on the Tuesday, May 26 runoff election ballot.
The marquee matchup on that ballot is the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate between incumbent John Cornyn and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton. Cornyn received 42% of the vote to Paxton’s 41%. The two were the top vote-getters in a field of nine candidates seeking the seat on the November ballot.
Cornyn and Paxton were both hoping to get the endorsement of President Donald Trump, but that didn’t happen before the March vote and hasn’t happened since.
One day after the primary, the president said that he would endorse one of them but expected the other to drop out of the race. Neither candidate was inclined to do that. There still hasn’t been an endorsement.
Whoever wins will face Democratic nominee James Talarico, an Austin-area state representative and former San Antonio teacher who won his primary bid against U.S. Rep. Jasmine Crockett.
Another seat both parties have their eyes on in the newly-drawn Congressional District 35. Republicans and Democrats both want this seat formerly held by Greg Casar, who was drawn out of the district in last year’s redistricting. Casar will seek re-election in District 37.
Both the red and blue parties have runoff contests for voters to settle. On the Republican side, Carlos De La Cruz and John Lujan are the two candidates who came out with the most votes from a field of 11 candidates. Lujan, who had 33% of the vote, is giving up his seat in the Texas House to run for the job in Washington. De La Cruz, an Air Force Veteran and brother to U.S. Rep. Monica De La Cruz (District 15), received 27% of the vote. Trump endorsed De La Cruz early in the campaign.
On the Democratic side, the race was close between Maureen Galindo with 29% of the vote and Johnny Garcia (27%). The pair outlasted two other candidates to qualify for the runoff. Garcia is a now-former spokesperson with the Bexar County Sheriff’s Office. Galindo is a housing advocate who also works as a marriage and family therapist.
In Bexar County, the race for the Democratic spot on the ballot for District Attorney is down from eight to two: Luz Elena Chapa and Jane Davis. Chapa, a former appellate judge, received 27% of the vote. Davis, the chief of the juvenile section of the Bexar County DA’s Office, earned 18%.
The winner of this runoff will face Republican Ashley Foster in November, along with any independent candidate who makes it onto the ballot. The winner of that contest will take over from outgoing District Attorney Joe Gonzales, who is not seeking re-election after two tumultuous terms in office. Gonzales has endorsed Jane Davis as his successor.
Voters, depending on their party and address, will also be deciding the lieutenant governor, attorney general, state representative, state senator, county clerk and district clerk races.
The Bexar County Democratic sample ballot can be seen below:
The Bexar County Republican sample ballot can be seen below:
Early voting begins on Monday, May 18, and runs through Friday, May 22.
Election day is Tuesday, May 26.
Read also:
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The pitching woes continued for Texas A&M in its 18-11 series-opening loss to Mississippi State at Blue Bell Park on Thursday night.
Typically, scoring 11 runs in an SEC contest equates to a win, but not for the Aggies. Jason Kelly’s pitching staff gave up the most runs in a single inning since Texas A&M joined the conference in 2012. To make matters worse, the loss was tied for the most runs allowed this season, which came in an 18-5 run-rule loss to Auburn on May 2.
Needless to say, the bullpen has much work to do moving forward. With postseason play right around the corner, it is make-or-break for the pitchers on the roster to step up and provide consistency on the mound for the Aggies. If Texas A&M drops the series to the Bulldogs on Friday, it will be the end of the team’s hopes of being a national seed.
The Aggies will aim to avoid dropping their third straight SEC series, as they face Mississippi State in Game 2 at Blue Bell Park on Friday. First pitch against the Bulldogs is scheduled for 4 p.m. CT and will be broadcast live on SEC Network+.
Here are some of the best social media reactions from Texas A&M’s loss to Mississippi State in Game 1:
Final score from Blue Bell Park
18 runs… yes, you read that correctly
Statistics from the series-opening loss
Mississippi State takes down No. 10 in Game 1
Texas A&M drops in the league standings
That one stings a little
Poor night for A&M on the mound
Kellner’s mask was a sight to see
A closer look at Kellner’s mask guarding his eye
Grahovac’s lead-off solo home run
Hacopian’s solo home run in the first
RPI update
Weston Moss slated to start in Game 2
The formula for success wasn’t there for the Aggies in the series opener
Frustrating night on the bump for Texas A&M
The Aggies must find an answer to the lack of consistent performances on the mound
Contact/Follow us @AggiesWire on X (formerly Twitter) and like our page on Facebook to follow ongoing coverage of Texas A&M news, notes and opinions. Follow Dylan on X: @dylanmflippo.
Texas A&M football and basketball may be in the quiet stretch of their calendars, but the offseason doesn’t mean the work slows down. This is the time for coaches to hit the road, meet with Aggie clubs, and lay out the vision for the months ahead. One of the first stops each summer is the Dallas Aggies Coaches Night.
Hosted annually by the Dallas A&M Club, the event brings together several Texas A&M head coaches. This year, first‑year basketball coach Bucky McMillan joined football coach Mike Elko. Before the program began, both coaches met with the media and offered updates on their teams. And while football naturally draws the biggest spotlight, McMillan delivered plenty of insight into his first year in Aggieland and the foundation he’s building.
Below are some of the most notable quotes from Coach Bucky’s appearance at Coaches Night.
Texas A&M head basketball coach Bucky McMillan speaks on attending his first Dallas A&M Club event
“We didn’t have a roster. We didn’t have any coaches… It was wild, but since then I have gotten to meet so many great people and so many I have made friends with.”
Coach Bucky McMillan on the support they team received
“We have great support, and you did it with a coach you didn’t know very well. We broke a lot of records last year… We broke 15 A&M records. We are going to break all those again next year. I was proud of our defense, as small as we were.”
Coach Bucky McMillan discusses what being in Aggieland has meant to him
“Aggies love Aggies and A&M. I am from SEC country in the middle of Alabama. I tell my friends, the honor and tradition of being an Aggie is something I don’t take lightly. The honor of the people, it’s truly awesome. It makes me proud to wear this on my shirt.”
Coach Bucky McMillan on Mike Elko
“The football coach has to deal with a lot more things than I do… We lose a game, and most of y’all know about it, but everybody knows if he loses a game.” “The one thing I know is there could not better coach for Texas A&M than Mike Elko.”
Coach Bucky McMillan on the 2026-27 basketball season
“We are going to take that next step. We were a game away from the Sweet 16 this year, and we are going to be in that second weekend next year, trying to get the Final Four.”
Here’s a look at the impact the Dallas A&M Club has had since its founding.
Established in 1902, the Dallas A&M Club has awarded hundreds of thousands of dollars in scholarships to Dallas-area students attending Texas A&M – with 29 Aggie fish and sophomores currently benefiting from our $6,000 scholarship awards.
As the chartered A&M Club for all of Dallas County, the DAMC has also generously given back to The Association of Former Students by contributing to the following: Aggie Park, Endowed Aggie Ring Scholarship (4), Endowed Diamond Century Club, Endowed Scholarship Fund, Corregidor Muster Memorial Fund, Building Enhancement Campaign, and The Association’s Annual Fund.
Contact/Follow us @AggiesWire on X (formerly Twitter) and like our page on Facebook to follow ongoing coverage of Texas A&M news, notes and opinions. Follow Jarrett Johnson on X: @whosnextsports1.
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