Oklahoma City bombing was 30 years ago. Some survivors worry America didn’t learn the lesson
Maryland Sen. Van Hollen meets with man sent to notorious El Salvador prison
A bomb with a force powerful enough to instantly destroy much of a nine-story building shattered a quiet Oklahoma City morning and sent a shock wave through America.
Saturday is the 30th anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing, the deadliest homegrown attack in United States history that exposed a dark undercurrent of anti-government extremist anger.
A public ceremony to mark the anniversary at the Oklahoma City National Memorial Museum will include the reading of the names of the 168 people killed, remarks by victim family members and survivors, and a keynote address by former President Bill Clinton.
The dead ranged in age from three months to 73 years old. Nineteen of them were children. Hundreds more were injured.
The building that was bombed — the Alfred P. Murrah federal complex — included regional offices for several agencies, including the Social Security Administration, the FBI, the Secret Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, and a credit union. America’s Kids Daycare was on the second floor.
The bomb, a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel packed into a rental truck, sheared off about a third of the building and caused floors to collapse on each other. Some victims not killed by the blast were crushed to death, buried by the falling structure.
Authorities initially suspected the attack had been orchestrated by extremists outside the U.S., but the perpetrators turned out to be two former U.S. soldiers.
Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols met while serving in the Army. The pair held a deep anger toward the American government that had been sharpened by the 1993 federal raid on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco that killed 76 people, and a standoff in the mountains of Ruby Ridge, Idaho, that left a 14-year-old boy, his mother and a federal agent dead.
The Oklahoma City bombing happened on the second anniversary of the fiery end to the 51-day Waco siege.
McVeigh drove the truck to the site and set the fuse to blow it up. He was convicted of 11 murder counts and executed by lethal injection in 2001. Nichols helped McVeigh plan and build the bomb. He was convicted of conspiracy and involuntary manslaughter, and is serving life in prison.
The bombing exposed Americans to violent extremism and anti-government sentiment on home soil. McVeigh and Nichols sympathized with right-wing militia movements that sprang up in the early 1990s and continue to this day, often with ties to conspiracy theories, nationalism and white supremacist ideology.
How to tackle domestic political extremism has proved difficult and politically divisive in the 30 years since the bombing in Oklahoma.
In 1996, Clinton signed an “antiterrorism” law that toughened penalties for a wide range of crimes and made it a crime to target federal workers performing their duties. It also spent about $1 billion, most of it for the FBI, to expand counterterrorism efforts.
Federal criminal law defines domestic terrorism as violence intended to coerce or intimidate a civilian population and to influence government policy, but there is no stand-alone domestic terrorism charge.
In 2022, the Justice Department created a specialized unit focused on what officials described as an “elevated” threat from violent extremists in the U.S. And some survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing have said they worry that anti-government rhetoric in modern-day politics could also lead to violence.
What was left of the federal building was torn down about a month after the bombing and a memorial complex was built in its place.
The memorial includes a museum, a reflecting pool and 168 empty chairs of glass, bronze and stone etched with the names of those killed. Nineteen of the chairs are smaller than the others to represent the children killed.
Gates to the memorial mark the times, 9:01 a.m. and 9:03 a.m., while the reflecting pond between them represents 9:02 a.m., the minute the bomb exploded. A “Survivor Tree,” a gnarled American elm that withstood the blast, now stands on a small hill and shades the memorial below.
The memorial site is among Oklahoma’s most popular destinations, typically drawing more than 500,000 visitors each year. School children arrive by the busload to learn about the dangers of political violence.
The tests immediately started for Roger Kish’s Oklahoma squad.
The Sooners saw what no other team did for its opening dual — four-time defending national champion Penn State.
Then the injuries. Several starters out.
Eight freshmen or sophomores thrown into a hostile Bryce Jordan Center resulted in a 45-0 Nittany Lions win last Friday. Only for the then-#20 Sooners to scoot over to Bucknell less than 24 hours later and beat the Bison, 18-12.
“I would say the most disappointing piece of that was not being able to get the matchups we were really hoping to see and allow some other guys the opportunity to go in an arena like that and compete,” Kish said. “However, the guys that did go out and compete, I thought they competed hard, and we just got outwrestled in a lot of areas. I think it was a great learning moment for them.”
The third-year Oklahoma coach hopes early-season hurdles will soon dissolve as the Sooners seek a second consecutive winning season and their next batch of All-Americans since 2024.
The Sooners host Indiana at 2 p.m. CT Sunday.
“I would suggest that once all of these guys are back and going, you can see the strongest version of Oklahoma wrestling,” Kish said. “I believe there will be a lot of excitement.”
A lineup with just three returning starters but packed with impact transfers and multiple Big Board recruits fill out the lineup for the Sooners.
“I was really happy with the group to be able to bounce back off a hard night and then go back 24 hours later with Bucknell,” Kish said. “It was kinda nice to see the growth between Friday night and Saturday night then being able to come back here on Monday and sit down with the team and discuss some of the highlights and lowlights and things we did well.”
Kish didn’t arrive in Norman alone when the Sooners plucked him from North Dakota State in May 2023.
He brought several Bison, with seniors Juan Mora (heavyweight), DJ Parker (197) and Mannix Morgan (174) as the remaining bunch.
Their final season brings the biggest goals.
Mora seeks his first NCAA Championships qualification after he finished sixth at the 2025 Big 12 Championships. He tallied four ranked wins across a 12-9 mark a season ago.
Parker and Anthony started their senior campaigns with titles at the Tiger Style Invite.
Mora, ranked #24, then dropped a 5-2 decision against Penn State’s #10 Cole Mirasola on Friday then stopped Bucknell’s #27 Lucas Lawler via the same score.
“(Mora and Parker) are two guys that are just part of our family,” Kish said. “That relationship piece is very, very nice. I am really proud of those two guys. What they do well is I think they bring a lot of leadership abilities. They have a great way of helping guys come together as a team and keeping guys built up and holding guys accountable.”
Parker, a two-time NCAA qualifier at 184, reached the blood round in Philadelphia in 2025, thanks to two consecutive bonus-point wins on the backside.
Parker, ranked 14th, took a 13-3 loss to Connor Mirasola on Friday, then beat Bucknell’s #13 Dillon Bechtold, 6-5.
“I think when they made the transition to Oklahoma, they had the ability to kinda navigate and learn their way around this program and here they are a couple years in and really developed into some great young men,” Kish said. “Really, really proud of them.”
OU’s history and tradition speaks for itself.
Seven team national championships, 67 individual national champions and 278 All-Americans.
That pedigree and status in a wrestling-rich state consistently attracts top talent.
“The thought of what their future looks like here at Oklahoma, they understand that they are going to be taken care of and treated very well as athletes but also in doing so, building a strong network and preparing these guys for life after college sports,” Kish said. “Making sure that they have access to success following.”
Kish’s roster features 11 transfers, including 149-pounder Jack Gioffre (an NCAA qualifier at Virginia), heavyweight Bradley Hill (an NCAA qualifier at Iowa), 165-pounder Peyten Kellar (a 157-pound All-American with Ohio in 2024), 184-pounder Brian Soldano (a two-time NCAA qualifier at Rutgers), 141-pounder Tyler Wells (a two-time NCAA qualifier at Minnesota) and 157-pounder Rafael Hipolito Jr. (an ACC champion and NCAA qualifier at Virginia Tech).
The Sooners also boast three consecutive ranked recruiting classes (#8 in 2024, #17 in 2025 and 2026).
“Really excited about where we are headed and the direction of this program, it has been a lot of fun to see,” Kish said. “I think that has been a really impactful idea for us as coaches. And as we get into year three, you are able to build a core of young guys here that are motivated and excited to be here.
One of Kish’s splashy additions wasn’t a recruit.
Kish hired 2017 Penn State national champion Mark Hall as OU’s director of operations in May of 2024.
Hall enters his second season in Norman, and offers more than travel planning, budgeting and team organizational skills.
“I say this about all the coaches, I just think the level of care that, not only Mark, but all the coaches have for the athletes is tremendous,” Kish said. “The knowledge of the sport is through the roof and the ability to get out and work through the positions with all these guys and being on the mats every day with them.”
The Sooners finished 8-4 overall a season ago, including a 4-4 mark in Big 12.
Hall’s hire became the freshest after former NDSU assistants Cam Sykora and Austin Marsden followed Kish from Fargo.
“Having these guys on the mats every day, wrestling drilling and sparring with these guys and allowing them to just be mentors and pick their brains consistently has been really a great advantage,” Kish said.
NORMAN — Against Gonzaga, Oklahoma was crushed on the glass and in the paint. The Sooners were never able to gain footing while the Bulldogs punished their interior defense and general toughness — causing Porter Moser to explicitly call for his wings to be more decisive going for a rebound.
Then OU traveled to Sioux Falls, SD to take on Nebraska where the Cornhuskers caught fire late in the first half, never to look back.
Two losses where Oklahoma was dominated inside in one and on the perimeter in the other. Now, Moser is calling upon himself to get his team to return to a better defensive mindset.
“It starts with me,” Moser said on Wednesday. “We got to get our defense back. That’s a (Moser) coached team that I put out there. Usually has a better defense, and it’s being addressed.”
The Sooners are staring at a two-game home stand against Oral Roberts on Thursday (7 p.m., SEC Network+) and Alcorn State on Sunday (1 p.m., SEC Network+) where they will have an opportunity to get back on track defensivley.
“I think ORU does a phenomenal job of moving,” Moser said. “They move and they cut. They have great little movement, great little actions. They’ve got great shooters. They’re really trying to shoot a lot of threes.”
Moser’s right — Oral Roberts likes to shoot a lot of threes. Glancing at their percentages (a hair under 30% from three) will give you the impression that there’s little cause for concern for the Sooner perimeter defense.
But the Golden Eagles lead the Summit League in three-point attempts by a large margin. To date, Oral Roberts has launched 195 threes, with North Dakota State’s 158 good enough for second. Needless to say, Oklahoma will have its hands full from the sheer number of attempts.
“We need habits off the ball right now,” Moser said. “We need habits off the ball and rebounding. It’s instinct. Those are two off-the-ball things that we’ve not done in those two losses.
“I do believe our defense is going to get better, get fixed, starting with me and continue to grow a lot of new guys coming together,” Moser added.
Moser’s passion is apparent when he pontificates about coaching better and inspiring better defensive efforts. But as any coach will tell you, it comes down to the players executing. Moser can tell them what to do, but he doesn’t want to see players with their “head’s above their feet, relaxing.”
Xzayvier Brown will be called upon to lead that effort on the perimeter defensively.
“Every detail and possession is important,” Brown said. “This team is very mature and not dwelling on the loss.”
Brown stressed that the team focused on defense immediately following the loss to Nebraska. His 20 points against the Cornhuskers helped keep the Sooners afloat — along with Nijel Pack’s season-high 27-point performance — but he understands that this team is built to defend.
“In both (losses) there were spurts where we played good defense, but there were also spurts where we didn’t,” Brown said. “We’re trying to put a full game together on defense.”
Oklahoma has the blueprint, they just need to put it together. Oral Roberts will offer a chance to redeem the porous perimeter defensive effort from last Saturday.
In our college football writers’ roundtable, beat writers Lia Assimakopoulos and Shawn McFarland and columnist Kevin Sherrington tackle trending issues surrounding the sport. You can follow them on X at @Lassimak, @McFarland_Shawn and @KSherringtonDMN.
This week, our writers discuss the College Football Playoff paths for Texas and Oklahoma, UNT’s impressive turnaround and more.
Oklahoma made it through the toughest part of its schedule with road wins over Tennessee and Alabama and appears to be firmly in the CFP picture. With the Sooners out of the SEC Championship hunt and with two home games remaining against Missouri and LSU, do they have a clear path to the CFP?
Assimakopoulos: If Oklahoma wins its final two games against Missouri and LSU, it should have a pretty good chance. The committee wouldn’t surprise anyone by picking five teams from the SEC. Texas A&M and Georgia are locks. Ole Miss and Alabama have pretty good odds. Then, teams like Oklahoma, Texas and Vanderbilt are in the running for what could be that last spot. If Texas beats Texas A&M, it may get a bit complicated, and the committee may have to choose between the two. But as it currently stands, Oklahoma has the most convincing resume.
McFarland: It’ll depend entirely on how many SEC teams the committee grants entry to. League commissioner Greg Sankey wants a 16-team bracket but, until the sport inevitably moves in that direction, the conference can’t sneak half of its member schools in. That brings us back to Oklahoma. The Sooners are part of a three or four-team glut within their own conference. Texas A&M and Georgia are close to locks, Alabama and Ole Miss have second priority and the Red River rivals (plus Vanderbilt, because why not) are third. The SEC had three representatives in last year’s bracket. They may need to squeeze in four or five if the Sooners — regardless of how they finish — want to play.
Sherrington: Clearly they do if they win those last two games, which would give them 10. They’re in the second tier of SEC contenders – with Texas and Vanderbilt – behind Texas A&M, Georgia, Alabama and Ole Miss. Five SEC teams in the CFP is a distinct possibility. The only thing that screws this up for the Sooners is if Texas also wins its last two. But if I were betting now, I’d go with OU.
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Even after falling to Georgia, some have posed the question whether Texas is still in the CFP hunt. Will the selection committee be forced to put Texas in the top 12 if it finishes the regular season with a win over No. 3 Texas A&M?
Assimakopoulos: I don’t think the committee is forced, by any means, to put a three-loss team in the playoff, and Texas faces an uphill battle. There’s certainly a chance that the Longhorns could get lucky and secure one of the lower seeds in the playoff if they beat Texas A&M, but they’ll need some other things to go their way, like Oklahoma and Vanderbilt losing. Even though they beat those teams head-to-head, their overall record is still worse. I assume it will also come down to how many teams in the Big 12, ACC and SEC are worthy of bids. Wouldn’t count on it for Texas.
McFarland: The math doesn’t favor Texas, and at the very least, it’d need help (in other words: collapses) from its conference pals to have a shot. The fact of the matter is there were six SEC teams ranked above the Longhorns in Sunday’s AP Top 25 poll. Texas would have head-to-head wins vs. half of them, though, if it beats A&M next week. Is that enough to convince the committee if the Longhorns, Vanderbilt and Oklahoma are left to fight for what may be the last of five playoff berths for the conference? Maybe. I wouldn’t bank on it, though.
Sherrington: The optics of a 25-point loss to Georgia weren’t good. Texas hasn’t been good on the road this year, with its only wins over Kentucky and Mississippi State. The Longhorns’ best win remains at the State Fair. Remains to be seen if the committee still takes that into consideration if Oklahoma has the better record. They’ll surely move the Sooners ahead of Texas after Oklahoma’s upset of Alabama. Will that hold if both teams win their last two games? Depends on how the committee feels about Texas taking down an undefeated team and how they look doing it. As noted, I like OU’s chances better.
North Texas was ranked in the AP top 25 poll for the first time since 1959 and controls its CFP destiny. Everybody knows about Eric Morris and Drew Mestemaker, but who has been the Mean Green’s unsung hero?
Assimakopoulos: While the Mean Green offense is making headlines, UNT’s new defensive coordinator Skyler Cassity has helped the defense make key strides contributing to its success. Cassity came over from Sam Houston and his defense is allowing 10 points per game fewer than last year’s and leads the nation in turnover margin per game at +1.4. Outside of the loss to USF, the defense has been solid and the difference from prior UNT teams.
McFarland: How about quarterback’s coach Sean Brophy? Morris (rightfully so) garners the lion’s share of attention as it pertains to the signal caller science at North Texas. Brophy has been alongside him at each of the last three stops and has been able to help assist in the development of every passer from Cam Ward to Chandler Morris to Menstermaker.
Sherrington: Tempted to nominate Caleb Hawkins, the freshman running back, who rushed for five touchdowns against Alabama-Birmingham, giving him 16 on the ground and 19 overall. He’s a key part in Morris’ offense, the nation’s most prolific. But UNT’s ability to generate turnovers – 24, leading all FBS –is the difference. That kept them in the game against South Florida for a half. Skyler Cassity, in his first season at UNT after coaching defense for Sam Houston’s 10-win team last year, will be a hot commodity this off-season, as will Eric Morris. And Hawkins. And Mestemaker.
Marcel Reed had maybe the worst half of his career against South Carolina. He rebounded to lead the Aggies to the largest comeback in program history. Did Reed help or hurt his Heisman case?
Assimakopoulos: No player, even a Heisman winner, is going to have a perfect season, and since Texas A&M won in the end, I don’t think one bad half will do much to hurt Reed. As long as the Aggies keep winning, his case gets stronger, but I still think the gap is too large to close, with Indiana’s Fernando Mendoza and Ohio State’s Julian Sayin having much better odds.
McFarland: He helped his case because the Aggies remain undefeated and that’ll go a ways once it’s time to vote. He hurt his case — or, at the very least, stagnated it — because he whiffed on an opportunity to pad his stats, win emphatically and close the gap between him, Ohio State’s Julian Sayin and Indiana’s Fernando Mendoza. If each of the three finish with undefeated records, and team success cancels out, then Sayin and Mendoza have stronger statistical cases. A no-doubter against a stout Longhorns defense, though, could provide a significant boost.
Sherrington: Looked like a wash to me. Reed is at his best as a runner, as we saw on the first drive of the second half against South Carolina, when, on fourth and 12, he made not just one but two Gamecocks whiff in the open field. He’s not as good when he can’t set his feet to throw. But any quarterback of an undefeated team will get serious consideration.
TCU appears to be in freefall, losing two straight and three of its last five games. What is going wrong in Fort Worth?
Assimakopoulos: TCU is starting to unravel on and off the field, and it’s tough to point to one area where things are going wrong. Last week, TCU’s defense allowed BYU to score on its first seven possessions. The offense has been one-dimensional under Josh Hoover without enough of a run game. Plus, Sonny Dykes is losing the fan base and didn’t help himself when asked what he may say to the fan base that is upset with the direction of the program: “People can say what they want to say.” Most teams find their stride by November and play their best football months into the season. TCU’s year has been the opposite.
McFarland: It’s a lack of execution, which is kind of a lazy answer, but the results suggest decent raw numbers and talent haven’t correctly translated. The Horned Frogs have the fifth-best defense and sixth-best offense in the Big 12, per Pro Football Focus, but that hasn’t materialized at a consistent rate. Look at their recent stretch of games: They allowed 14 unanswered points to lose against Iowa State, allowed a not-great West Virginia team to get back into the game in the second half of a win, nearly blew a victory against Baylor and coughed up an advantage late in the Arizona State loss. Save for a fourth-quarter vs. Colorado, they haven’t looked entirely comfortable since their nationally televised win against UNC.
Sherrington: No running game. The Horned Frogs rank near the FBS basement in rushing at 122 yards per game, virtually tied with SMU. The difference is that, unlike Kevin Jennings, Josh Hoover isn’t a dual threat. As defenses have adjusted to TCU’s one-dimensional attack, Hoover’s passer rating has declined from week to week. After averaging 36.3 points in a 5-2 start, they’ve averaged 17.7 in their last three games, two of them losses.
Find more college sports coverage from The Dallas Morning News here.
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