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Supreme Court may free Catholic charities from paying state unemployment taxes for their employees

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Supreme Court may free Catholic charities from paying state unemployment taxes for their employees

The Supreme Court voted Friday to hear a potentially far-reaching claim of religious freedom and decide whether church-sponsored charities, programs and businesses may refuse to pay state unemployment taxes for their employees.

All states exempt churches and church programs from the taxes if they “operate primarily for religious purposes.” But they usually require affiliated schools, colleges, hospitals and other businesses to pay unemployment taxes if they are open to all and do not offer worship services or religious training.

In a case from Wisconsin, the justices will reconsider that approach and decide whether instead to require the states to defer to religious authorities. The appeal that will be heard argues the government may not “second-guess the religious decisions” of church authorities who seek an exemption.

The dispute began with Black River Industries, Barron County Developmental Services and two other small nonprofit corporations that are funded by state or federal grants to provide services for people with developmental disabilities.

They are now controlled by Catholic charities that sued to seek an exemption from the unemployment taxes.

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Their lawyers argued those charitable programs are motivated by “sincerely held religious beliefs and to carry out the religious mission” of the church.

Therefore, they said, it violates the Constitution to require Catholic charities to pay unemployment taxes, noting the church has its own program of unemployment coverage.

The Wisconsin Supreme Court disagreed in a 4-3 ruling and upheld the state taxes. It said the four programs were “charitable” and “educational,” but not primarily religious.

Lawyers for Becket Fund for Religious Liberty appealed and urged the court to overturn the Wisconsin ruling.

The case comes before a high court that has repeatedly ruled in favor of religious claims over the last decade.

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In one line of cases, the justices said churches and religious claimants are entitled to equal state benefits, including grants to pay for playgrounds at a church school or tuition grants for parents to send children to religious schools.

In another line of cases, they ruled religious organizations are freed from government regulation of their employees.

Four years ago, for example, they ruled that two Catholic school teachers in Los Angeles who were fired could not sue alleging they were victims of discrimination.

A year later, the court ruled that as a matter of religious freedom, Catholic Social Services had a right to participate in a city-sponsored foster care program in Philadelphia and receive payments for doing so, even though it refused to work with same-sex couples as required by the city.

The court also ruled that private businesses such as the Hobby Lobby stores and church-sponsored entities had a religious liberty right to refuse to provide contraceptive coverage for their employees as required by federal law.

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In the Wisconsin case, a group of religious liberty scholars urged the court to rule the government must “defer” to church authorities in matters involving their organizations.

“This case involves severe governmental interference with religious liberty that strikes at the heart of the 1st Amendment’s most basic guarantees,” they wrote in a friend-of-the-court brief. They said “courts must defer to how the religious group defines its message.”

The Catholic Conference of Illinois was among the church groups that urged the court to hear the case. Its brief noted that its bishops speak for 949 parishes, 46 Catholic hospitals, 21 healthcare centers, 11 colleges and universities, 424 schools and 527 Catholic cemeteries.

The court is likely to schedule arguments in the Wisconsin case in March or April and issue a ruling by the end of June.

“Wisconsin is trying to make sure no good deed goes unpunished,” said Eric Rassbach, vice president and senior counsel at Becket. “Penalizing Catholic Charities for serving Catholics and non-Catholics alike is ridiculous and wrong. We are confident the Supreme Court will reject the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s absurd ruling.”

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Trump brings political excitement to Army-Navy game

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Trump brings political excitement to Army-Navy game

President-elect Trump and Vice President-elect JD Vance attended the annual Army-Navy game in Landover, Maryland, on Saturday, and they brought along some high-profile guests. 

In the 125th meeting of the Black Knights and Midshipmen, Trump brought Defense Secretary nominee Pete Hegseth, while Vance’s guest was Marine veteran Daniel Penny. Also on hand were House Speaker Mike Johnson, incoming Senate Majority Leader John Thune, Trump’s director of national intelligence pick, Tulsi Gabbard, and Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis.

Navy won the game, 31-13, behind quarterback Blake Horvath, who passed for two touchdowns and ran for two more. The Midshipmen raised their record to 9-3, while the loss dropped Army to 11-2. Both teams have had strong seasons. Navy will face Oklahoma in the Armed Forces Bowl, and Army is slated to play in the Independence Bowl, although no opponent has been announced since Marshall dropped out.

While the game was a highly anticipated matchup, the guests brought by Trump and Vance created a pregame buzz.

Penny was found not guilty in the subway chokehold death of Jordan Neely in New York City earlier this week, a decision which was criticized by some commentators on the left and underscored a divide between crime and mental health. Neely had been menacing riders when Penny acted to defend fellow straphangers. Penny faced up to 15 years in prison, but was acquitted of all charges.

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President-elect Trump and Vice President-elect JD Vance will attend the annual Army-Navy game in Landover, Maryland, on Saturday, and they are bringing some guests who are sure to stir debate.  (Bill Pugliano/Getty Images, left, Andrew Harnik/Getty Images, second from left, Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images, second from right, Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images, right. )

DANIEL PENNY FOUND NOT GUILTY IN SUBWAY CHOKEHOLD TRIAL

Hegseth is still courting members of the Senate to secure his nomination for the top defense role, but Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, whoi has been floated as a possible alternative, was also in attendance.

Hegseth’s appearance will mark a very public declaration of support from Trump, as some senators are still holding out on committing to his confirmation. Hegseth, an Army National Guard and former longtime Fox News host, deployed to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and has been the focus of misconduct reports.

Trump’s defense secretary nominee has denied allegations that he mistreated women but did reach a financial settlement with an accuser from a 2017 incident to avoid a lawsuit. He has vowed that he won’t drink “a drop of alcohol” if confirmed as defense secretary.

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Pete Hegseth, President-elect Donald Trump's nominee to be Defense Secretary, gives a thumbs-up

Pete Hegseth, President-elect Donald Trump’s nominee to be Defense Secretary, gives a thumbs-up as he walks with his wife Jennifer Hegseth, left, to meet with Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa, a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, at the Capitol in Washington, D.C., on Dec. 9, 2024. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

JD VANCE CONFIRMS DANIEL PENNY WILL ATTEND ARMY-NAVY GAME AFTER ACQUITTAL IN SUBWAY CHOKEHOLD TRIAL

House Speaker Mike Johnson and Elon Musk were also spotted in Trump’s box at the game.

Meanwhile, Vance took a swipe at New York City prosecutors for taking on the case in a post on X confirming Penny’s attendance.

“Daniel’s a good guy, and New York’s mob district attorney tried to ruin his life for having a backbone,” Vance wrote. “I’m grateful he accepted my invitation and hope he’s able to have fun and appreciate how much his fellow citizens admire his courage.” 

Penny, 26, was charged with manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide for the May 2023 subway chokehold death of Neely, a 30-year-old homeless man with schizophrenia who had barged onto the train shouting death threats while high on a type of synthetic marijuana known as K2.

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Daniel Penny arrives for his trial in the NYC subway chokehold death of Jordan Neely

Marine veteran Daniel Penny will attend the game alongside Vice President-elect JD Vance. (Rashid Umar Abbasi for Fox News Digital)

Trump attended the game as president in 2018, 2019 and 2020, while he also appeared as president-elect in 2016.

President Biden has never attended the annual clash as president, although he did appear as vice president.

This season has been a banner year for both football programs, adding buzz to the annual rivalry match. The teams have a combined 19 wins this year and with victories over Air Force, the Commander-in-Chief’s Trophy will be awarded to the winner of Saturday’s game. 

Fox News’ Aishah Hasnie, Paulina Dedaj and Paul Steinhauser contributed to this report. 

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Army-Navy game

The Navy Midshipmen and the Army Black Knights line up for the snap at the line of scrimmage during the first quarter of an NCAA football game at Gillette Stadium on Dec. 9, 2023, in Foxborough, Mass.  (AP Photo/Winslow Townson)

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McConnell warns RFK Jr. to steer clear of the polio vaccine

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McConnell warns RFK Jr. to steer clear of the polio vaccine

Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell gave a stern warning to Robert F. Kennedy Jr. after a report highlighted how one of Kennedy’s associates had sought to rescind approval for a polio vaccine.

McConnell, a polio survivor, said in a statement that “efforts to undermine public confidence in proven cures are not just uninformed – they’re dangerous.” 

“Anyone seeking the Senate’s consent to serve in the incoming Administration would do well to steer clear of even the appearance of association with such efforts,” he added, without naming Kennedy, a vaccine skeptic who is President-elect Trump’s choice to lead the Department of Health and Human Services. 

NOBEL LAUREATES CRITICIZE RFK JR. HHS NOMINATION OVER ‘LACK OF CREDENTIALS,’ VACCINE STANCE

Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., takes a question from a reporter during a news conference following the weekly Senate Republican policy luncheon at the U.S. Capitol on Nov. 19, 2024 in Washington, D.C. (Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

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McConnell’s statement follows a New York Times report on Friday that highlighted how Kennedy’s personal attorney, Aaron Siri, had represented clients in cases that sought to rescind approval for a version of the polio vaccine and others. 

“Like millions of families before them, my parents knew the pain and fear of watching their child struggle with the life-altering diagnosis of polio. From the age of two, normal life without paralysis was only possible for me because of the miraculous combination of modern medicine and a mother’s love. But for millions who came after me, the real miracle was the saving power of the polio vaccine,” McConnell said.

RFK JR. WANTS TO CLEAR OUT ‘ENTIRE DEPARTMENTS’ IN THE FDA: ‘THEY HAVE TO GO’

RFK Jr standing in front of an American flag

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. speaks to reporters at the Nassau County Supreme Court in Mineola, N.Y. on Aug. 21, 2024.  (Photo/Stefan Jeremiah)

“For decades, I have been proud to work with devoted advocates – from Rotary International to the Gates Foundation – and use my platform in public life to champion the pursuit of cures for further generations. I have never flinched from confronting specious disinformation that threatens the advance of lifesaving medical progress, and I will not today. 

The GOP leader was joined by his Democratic counterpart, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, who demanded that RFK Jr. make his position on the polio vaccine clear.

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TRUMP TAPS RFK JR. TO LEAD DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Schumer on Capitol Hill

Sen. Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., talks after a policy luncheon on Capitol Hill, Sept. 24, 2024, in Washington.  (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

“This would undoubtedly make America sick again,” Schumer said, sharing the Times report on X. “It’s outrageous and dangerous for people in the Trump Transition to try and get rid of the polio vaccine that has virtually eradicated polio in America and saved millions of lives. RFK Jr. must state his position on this.” 

Reached for comment, a Trump transition team spokesperson said, “Mr. Kennedy believes the Polio Vaccine should be available to the public and thoroughly and properly studied.” 

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The mysterious ideology of Luigi Mangione: Anti-corporate hero? Far-right tech bro?

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The mysterious ideology of Luigi Mangione: Anti-corporate hero? Far-right tech bro?

When Luigi Mangione was arrested in the killing of the chief executive of UnitedHealthcare, he was hailed in some corners of the internet as an anti-capitalist folk hero.

In a document said to be a “manifesto” found with Mangione, published online by journalist Ken Klippenstein, the 26-year-old former data engineer condemned UnitedHealthcare for abusing “our country for immense profit.”

“Frankly, these parasites simply had it coming,” Mangione wrote. “A reminder: the US has the #1 most expensive healthcare system in the world, yet we rank roughly #42 in life expectancy.”

But Mangione was not a straightforward, left-leaning Robin Hood figure avenging what he sees as the brutality of the U.S. healthcare system or, as one right-wing critic alleged, “just another leftist nut job.” The political ideology he articulated online — on social media platforms from X and Reddit to Goodreads — defied neat left-right binaries and showed a young man steeped in a hodgepodge of online Silicon Valley philosophy and heterodox ideas.

Mangione’s internet postings, along with accounts from people he knew and talked to online, offer a complex view. Mangione’s last post on X was in June, nearly six months before he allegedly traveled to Manhattan to kill, and he appeared to disconnect from his family and friends around the same time. But his digital footprint offers a glimpse into his ideological journey, documenting some of his deepest hopes and anxieties about the future of technology and humanity.

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Mangione, shown in an image provided by the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, lived at the Surfbreak co-working community near Honolulu in 2022.

(Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources / AP)

The former valedictorian of an elite Baltimore prep school and Ivy League graduate shared posts on social media from an eclectic stream of populists, entrepreneurs, neuroscientists, centrists and disruptors. On X, he followed comedian and podcaster Joe Rogan; President-elect Donald Trump’s nominee for health secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr.; liberal columnist Ezra Klein; and democratic socialist Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York.

On a now-private Goodreads account that authorities reportedly identified as belonging to Mangione, he included a biography of tech billionaire and GOP megadonor Elon Musk — now a close Trump advisor — in his favorites list and rated Republican Vice President-elect J.D. Vance’s memoir “Hillbilly Elegy” three out of five stars.

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A computer science major with an interest in rationalism, self-improvement and effective altruism — a philosophical movement that uses evidence and reason to help others — Mangione enthused about technological innovation. But he also worried about how corporations and ordinary people used tech, sharing a stream of posts on smartphones’ effect on mental health, the downside of Netflix and Doordash, and an AI chatbot’s threats to carry out revenge.

Mangione appeared skeptical of some of the core tenets of left-leaning “identity politics.”

Two years ago, he shared a post from British Indian writer Gurwinder Bhogal challenging the idea that asking “Where are you from?” is impolite: “If wokeism teaches minorities to be traumatized even by friendly gestures, it cannot claim to bridge divides.” In April, Mangione retweeted a blogger who complained that modern-day atheists “disprove[d] God” only to end up “worshipping at the DEI shrine” and “using made-up pronouns like religious mantras.”

Some on the left are now dubbing Mangione right-wing, but they do not seem to agree on whether he is a “center-right biohacking Thiel-loving tech bro” or “another far right MAGA Trumper Terrorist.”

Bhogal, who chatted and emailed with Mangione online after the American became a founding member of his Substack, said Mangione was neither.

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“He was left-wing on some things and right-wing on others,” Bhogal wrote in an email. “He was pro-equality of opportunity, but … he opposed wokeism because he didn’t believe it was an effective way to help minorities.”

Bhogal said Mangione first reached out to him in April while on a trip in Asia. Mangione asked him about a 2023 article Bhogal wrote exploring the rise of the NPC, or Non-Player Character, a term referring to video game characters that some online subcultures now use to describe humans who behave in predictable, scripted ways.

The article resonated with Mangione, Bhogal said, probably because he felt he did not fit into a political tribe. Bhogal described Mangione as curious and well-read, with “mostly quite tame” intellectual interests in “brain rot, indoctrination, declining birth-rates, gamification and corporate greed.”

On X, Mangione praised conservative commentator Tucker Carlson as “spot on” in recognizing that “modern architecture kills the spirit” and shared a video of a talk by venture capitalist and GOP megadonor Peter Thiel on why people with Asperger’s syndrome excel in tech.

On Goodreads, he gave “Industrial Society and Its Future” by the late Theodore Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, a four-star review. Kaczynski was “rightfully imprisoned,” he wrote, but he also noted: “it’s simply impossible to ignore how prescient many of his predictions about modern society turned out.”

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At the end of his review, Mangione quoted a random Reddit user, Bosspotatoness: “These companies don’t care about you, or your kids, or your grandkids. They have zero qualms about burning down the planet for a buck, so why should we have any qualms about burning them down to survive?”

According to Bhogal, Mangione seemed disillusioned with status quo politics, but he appeared to dislike Trump.

“He believed corporate greed for short-term profits was causing tech companies to saturate society with mind-rotting entertainment,” Bhogal wrote. “He asked me how to maximize agency in a world constantly trying to deprive us of it.”

Those who got to know Mangione in 2022 when he lived at the Surfbreak co-working community near Honolulu described him as a normal, affable guy.

“He did not seem hardcore in any direction,” said Josiah Ryan, a spokesperson for Surfbreak owner and founder R.J. Martin. “No one really knows what his political views were. He seemed balanced, young and curious, without a noticeable ideology.”

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Though Mangione came off as anti-capitalist and anti-corporate in his manifesto, Brian Levin, founder of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism and professor emeritus of criminal injustice at California State San Bernardino, said that didn’t necessarily make him hard-left. Increasingly, Levin noted, anti-corporate and anti-institutional subcultures operate across the ideological spectrum.

“We’re seeing a diversification of these types of extremism, as well as an a la carte construction of idiosyncratic beliefs that are sometimes hooked into an ideology,” Levin said, noting that two years ago, a mass shooter who killed eight people at a mall in Allen, Texas, was a Latino with a Nazi tattoo. “Let’s see where the defendant falls.”

Mary Beth Altier, a clinical professor at New York University’s Center for Global Affairs who studies political violence and behavior, said it was becoming more common for political violence to be largely motivated by a single issue, in this case the healthcare industry.

“They’re not necessarily fitting into a larger group or ideology,” she said, “but rather have a personal grievance with a particular issue.”

Online, some pundits and extremism experts have suggested that Mangione expressed views associated with “the gray tribe”, a term coined a decade ago by Bay Area psychiatrist and blogger Scott Alexander, to refer to an online collective of rationalists, online tech enthusiasts, atheists and free thinkers who fall outside conventional left- or right-wing tribal thinking.

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“Increasingly looks like we’ve got our first grey tribe shooter,” journalist and extremism expert Robert Evans posted on X the day Mangione was charged. “Boy howdy is the media not ready for that.”

As Alexander described it, the gray tribe espouses “libertarian political beliefs, Dawkins-style atheism, vague annoyance that the question of gay rights even comes up, eating paleo, drinking Soylent, calling in rides on Uber, reading lots of blogs, calling American football ‘sportsball,’ getting conspicuously upset about the War on Drugs and the NSA…”

As obscure as Mangione’s views might seem to Americans who do not dwell in the same online spaces, Evans wrote on his Substack that “his interest in Gray Tribe-adjacent thinkers and self-help books written by productivity hackers … is incredibly common among young men.”

Other observers of internet subcultures suggested Mangione was a “new tech centrist” or “TPOT adjacent,” an acronym for This Part of Twitter, another loose offshoot of Silicon Valley “post-rationalism” that developed online during the COVID-19 lockdown and focuses on ideas, technology, spirituality and conspiracy theories.

Some joked about the difficulty of attributing motivation to Mangione in an era of increasingly in-the-weeds online subcultures.

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“Tried explaining that the shooter wasn’t a far left radical but actually a right wing tpot adjacent ted k reading lindyman following, rfk pilled upenn grad,” one poster wrote on X. “Got kicked out of the family group chat.”

Typically, Levin said, those who engage in public acts of symbolic violence are motivated by one, or a combination of, three factors: ideology, which could be religious or political; a psychological condition or mental instability; a sense of personal benefit or revenge.

“The bottom line here is this is someone who experienced a grievance, and that grievance resonated,” Levin said of Mangione. “The combination of grievance, idiosyncrasies, personal psychological distress, withdrawal from support systems and the glorification of violence that exists generally in our society will have a special effect on individuals who feel an unjust grievance or who feel the system doesn’t work.”

Mangione’s last post on X appears to be June 10. By November, his mother filed a missing-person report for her son in San Francisco.

A fitness buff, he had suffered health setbacks. The top banner of his X profile, next to a photo of him posing shirtless and smiling atop a mountain, was an image of an X-ray showing four screws in a spine, a sign that he had gone through lumbar spinal fusion surgery.

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Posts from a since-deleted Reddit account, with details matching Mangione’s biographical details, showed that Mangione suffered from chronic back pain resulting from spondylolisthesis — a condition in which a vertebra in the spine, usually in the lower back, slips out of place. Mangione wrote that his condition was exacerbated by a surfing accident.

“My back and hips locked up after the accident,” he wrote in July 2023. “I’m terrified of the implications.”

Luigi Mangione stands in a small holding cell

Mangione is pictured in a holding cell after being taken into custody Monday in Altoona, Pa.

(Altoona Police Department / Getty Images)

Mangione wrote that he underwent spinal surgery weeks later, which appeared to have improved his symptoms.

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When Bhogal chatted with Mangione via video for two hours in May, he did not get the impression that he was in pain or on painkillers. “He seemed lucid, relaxed, and cheerful,” Bhogal wrote.

But Bhogal said Mangione may have felt isolated. He complained the people around him were on a “different wavelength” and seemed eager to join a community of like-minded people. He urged Bhogal to schedule group video calls to discuss rationalism, Stoicism and effective altruism.

That never happened.

The last time Bhogal heard from Mangione was June 10, when he received a message in which Mangione asked him how to curate his social media feeds. Bhogal forgot to get back to him.

A part of him wonders, now, if he could have averted the apparent outcome if he had replied.

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